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Ntloko A, Adefisoye MA, Green E. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in environmental substrates from three dairy farms in Eastern Cape, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:215-224. [PMID: 31305130 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1642458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed 330 environmental substrates from three dairy farms for the occurrence, drug resistance and the genetic mutations of MTBC (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) in Eastern Cape, South Africa using PCR, while the Genotype MTBDRplus assay was used for drug susceptibility and genetic mutations analyses. About 17% (55/330) of the samples were positive for MTBC at 16.7% (water), 13.3% (soil) and 20% (hayfeed). Isoniazid resistance was detected in 47.3% (26/55) of the samples while 16.4% (9/55) were multidrug-resistant. Genetic mutations were detected on the rpoB gene (resistance to rifampicin) with frequencies ranging from 53.6% (D516V) to 21.4% (H526D), while mutations on the katG and inhA genes (resistance to isoniazid) ranged between 14.3% and 80%. Incidents of diverse genetic mutations in the environmental matrices suggest possible resistance to other anti-TB drugs not assayed in this study and emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of drug resistance patterns for timely detection and control of new clonal groups of MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athini Ntloko
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
| | - Martins Ajibade Adefisoye
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
| | - Ezekiel Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare , Alice, South Africa
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2
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Yu L, Pan J, Cao G, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Liang Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Xue R, Gong C. AIV polyantigen epitope expressed by recombinant baculovirus induces a systemic immune response in chicken and mouse models. Virol J 2020; 17:121. [PMID: 32758272 PMCID: PMC7403573 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective efficacy of avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccines is unsatisfactory due to the presence of various serotypes generated by genetic reassortment. Thus, immunization with a polyantigen chimeric epitope vaccine may be an effective strategy for protecting poultry from infection with different AIV subtypes. METHODS Baculovirus has recently emerged as a novel and attractive gene delivery vehicle for animal cells. In the present study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT containing a fused codon-optimized sequence (CTLT) of T lymphocyte epitopes from H1HA, H9HA, and H7HA AIV subtypes, and another fused codon-optimized sequence (THB) of Th and B cell epitopes from H1HA, H9HA, and H7HA AIV subtypes, driven by a baculovirus P10 promoter and cytomegalovirus CMV promoter, respectively, was constructed. RESULTS Western blotting and cellular immunofluorescence demonstrated that the CTLT (THB) can be expressed in rBac-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT-infected silkworm cells (mammalian HEK293T cells). Furthermore, the recombinant virus, rBac-CMV-THB-CTLT, was used to immunize both chickens and mice. CONCLUSIONS The results of an indirect ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and T lymphocyte proliferation assay indicated that specific humoral and cellular responses were detected in both chicken and mice. These results suggest that rBac-CMV/THB-P10/CTLT can be developed as a potential vaccine against different AIV subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengsheng Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, No.199 Ren'ai Road, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Lee SM, Hickey JM, Miura K, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, King CR, Plieskatt JL. A C-terminal Pfs48/45 malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate produced in the baculovirus expression system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:395. [PMID: 31942034 PMCID: PMC6962329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte surface protein, Pfs48/45, is a potential target for malaria transmission-blocking vaccines. However, due to its size and complexity, expression of the full-length protein has been difficult, leading to focus on the C-terminal six cysteine domain (6C) with the use of fusion proteins to facilitate expression and folding. In this study, we utilized the baculovirus system to evaluate the expression of three Pfs48/45 proteins including the full-length protein, the 6C domain fragment and the 6C domain mutant to prevent glycosylation. Expression of the recombinant Pfs48/45 proteins was conducted in super Sf9 cells combined with the use of tunicamycin to prevent N-glycosylation. The proteins were then evaluated as immunogens in mice to demonstrate the induction of functionally active polyclonal antibody responses as measured in the standard membrane feeding assay (SMFA). Only the 6C protein was found to exhibit significant transmission-reducing activity. Further characterization of the biologically active 6C protein demonstrated it was homogeneous in terms of size, charge, conformation, absence of glycosylation, and containing proper disulfide bond pairings. This study presents an alternative expression system, without the need of a fusion protein partner, for the Pfs48/45 6C protein fragment including further evaluation as a potential transmission-blocking vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwu-Maan Lee
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20001-2621, USA.
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - C Richter King
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20001-2621, USA
| | - Jordan L Plieskatt
- PATH's Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI), 455 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20001-2621, USA
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Castellanos-Huerta I, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Téllez G, Rosales-Mendoza S, Brieba LG, Esquivel-Ramos E, Beltrán-López JI, Velazquez G, Fernandez-Siurob I. Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Avian Influenza Virus H5 Expressed in the Chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Evaluation of Its Immunogenicity in Chickens. Avian Dis 2017; 60:784-791. [PMID: 27902910 DOI: 10.1637/11427-042816-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Globally, avian influenza (AI) is a serious problem in poultry farming. Despite vaccination, the prevalence of AI in México highlights the need for new approaches to control AI and to reduce the economic losses associated with its occurrence in susceptible birds. Recombinant proteins from avian influenza virus (AIV) have been expressed in different organisms, such as plants. The present study investigated the feasibility of designing and expressing the HA protein of AIV in the transplastomic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a novel approach for AIV control and taking advantage of culture conditions, its reproductive range, and safe use in consideration of the generally regarded as safe food ingredient regulatory classification. The results showed that the HA protein of AIV in C. reinhardtii presents antigenic activity by western blot test and through its application in chickens, demonstrating its feasibility as a recombinant antigen against AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkar Castellanos-Huerta
- A Viren SA de CV, Presidente Benito Juárez 110B, José María Arteaga, Querétaro, Querétaro. 76135, México
| | | | - Guillermo Téllez
- B Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- C Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Luis G Brieba
- D Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Apartado Postal 629, CP 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Elizabeth Esquivel-Ramos
- A Viren SA de CV, Presidente Benito Juárez 110B, José María Arteaga, Querétaro, Querétaro. 76135, México
| | - Josué I Beltrán-López
- A Viren SA de CV, Presidente Benito Juárez 110B, José María Arteaga, Querétaro, Querétaro. 76135, México
| | - Gilberto Velazquez
- E Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Departamento de Química, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1421, CP 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Isidro Fernandez-Siurob
- A Viren SA de CV, Presidente Benito Juárez 110B, José María Arteaga, Querétaro, Querétaro. 76135, México
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Redda YT, Venkatesh G, Kalaiyarasu S, Bhatia S, Kumar DS, Nagarajan S, Pillai A, Tripathi S, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC. Expression and purification of recombinant H5HA1 protein of H5N1 avian influenza virus in E. coli and its application in indirect ELISA. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 37:346-58. [PMID: 26829111 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1135160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The PCR amplified HA1 fragment of H5N1 (H5HA1) avian influenza virus (AIV) hemagglutinin gene was cloned into pET28a (+) expression vector and expressed in Rosetta Blue (DE3) pLysS cells. The recombinant H5HA1 (rH5HA1) protein purified by passive gel elution after SDS-PAGE of the inclusion bodies reacted specifically with H5N1 serum in Western blot analysis. A subtype specific indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using the rH5HA1 protein as the coating antigen was developed for detecting antibodies to H5 subtype of AIV. The assay had 89.04% sensitivity and 95.95% specificity when compared with haemagglutination inhibition test. The Kappa value of 0.842 indicated a perfect agreement between the tests. The iELISA developed can be used for serosurveillance of avian influenza in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Redda
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - G Venkatesh
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Kalaiyarasu
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Bhatia
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - D Senthil Kumar
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Nagarajan
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - A Pillai
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S Tripathi
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - D D Kulkarni
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S C Dubey
- a ICAR - National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Anand Nagar, Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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