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Luo H, Liang Z, Lin J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Mei K, Zhao M, Huang S. Research progress of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S protein. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1396894. [PMID: 38873162 PMCID: PMC11169810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with a capsid membrane that causes acute infectious gastrointestinal disease characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in swine. Piglets are more susceptible to PEDV than adults, with an infection rate reaching 90% and a fatality rate as high as 100%. Moreover, PEDV has a rapid transmission rate and broad transmission range. Consequently, PEDV has caused considerable economic losses and negatively impacted the sustainability of the pig industry. The surface spike (S) glycoprotein is the largest structural protein in PEDV virions and is closely associated with host cell fusion and virus invasion. As such, the S protein is an important target for vaccine development. In this article, we review the genetic variation, immunity, apoptosis-induction function, virulence, vaccine potential, and other aspects of the PEDV S protein. This review provides a theoretical foundation for preventing and controlling PEDV infection and serves as a valuable resource for further research and development of PEDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojian Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Kun Mei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Hua Sheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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Yang D, Su M, Guo D, Zhao F, Wang M, Liu J, Zhou J, Sun Y, Yang X, Qi S, Li Z, Zhu Q, Xing X, Li C, Cao Y, Feng L, Sun D. Combination of S1-N-Terminal and S1-C-Terminal Domain Antigens Targeting Double Receptor-Binding Domains Bolsters Protective Immunity of a Nanoparticle Vaccine against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12235-12260. [PMID: 38696217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Variants of coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) frequently emerge, causing an incomplete match between the vaccine and variant strains, which affects vaccine efficacy. Designing vaccines with rapidly replaceable antigens and high efficacy is a promising strategy for the prevention of infection with PEDV variant strains. In our study, three different types of self-assembled nanoparticles (nps) targeting receptor-binding N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) of S1 protein, named NTDnps, CTDnps, and NTD/CTDnps, were constructed and evaluated as vaccine candidates against PEDV. NTDnps and CTDnps vaccines mediated significantly higher neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers than NTD and CTD recombinant proteins in mice. The NTD/CTDnps in varying ratios elicited significantly higher NAb titers when compared with NTDnps and CTDnps alone. The NTD/CTDnps (3:1) elicited NAb with titers up to 92.92% of those induced by the commercial vaccine. Piglets immunized with NTD/CTDnps (3:1) achieved a passive immune protection rate of 83.33% of that induced by the commercial vaccine. NTD/CTDnps (3:1) enhanced the capacity of mononuclear macrophages and dendritic cells to take up and present antigens by activating major histocompatibility complex I and II molecules to stimulate humoral and cellular immunity. These data reveal that a combination of S1-NTD and S1-CTD antigens targeting double receptor-binding domains strengthens the protective immunity of nanoparticle vaccines against PEDV. Our findings will provide a promising vaccine candidate against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Donghua Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Meijiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Chunqiu Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, P. R. China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P. R. China
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Ji C, Li X. Airborne transmission of common swine viruses. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:50. [PMID: 37908005 PMCID: PMC10619269 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of viral aerosols poses a vulnerable aspect in the biosecurity measures aimed at preventing and controlling swine virus in pig production. Consequently, comprehending and mitigating the spread of aerosols holds paramount significance for the overall well-being of pig populations. This paper offers a comprehensive review of transmission characteristics, influential factors and preventive strategies of common swine viral aerosols. Firstly, certain viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), influenza A viruses (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) have the potential to be transmitted over long distances (exceeding 150 m) through aerosols, thereby posing a substantial risk primarily to inter-farm transmission. Additionally, other viruses like classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) can be transmitted over short distances (ranging from 0 to 150 m) through aerosols, posing a threat primarily to intra-farm transmission. Secondly, various significant factors, including aerosol particle sizes, viral strains, the host sensitivity to viruses, weather conditions, geographical conditions, as well as environmental conditions, exert a considerable influence on the transmission of viral aerosols. Researches on these factors serve as a foundation for the development of strategies to combat viral aerosol transmission in pig farms. Finally, we propose several preventive and control strategies that can be implemented in pig farms, primarily encompassing the implementation of early warning models, viral aerosol detection, and air pretreatment. This comprehensive review aims to provide a valuable reference for the formulation of efficient measures targeted at mitigating the transmission of viral aerosols among swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Intersection of Changqing Road and Park Road 1, Yangling District, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, 316 Jinshi Road, Chengdu, 610100, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiajin Economic Development Zone, Qingwo Venture Park, Dezhou, 253200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, 316 Jinshi Road, Chengdu, 610100, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, No. 592-26 Jiushui East Road Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), 6596 Dongfanghong East Road, Yuanqiao Town, Dezhou, 253000, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Intersection of Changqing Road and Park Road 1, Yangling District, Xianyang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang B, Qing J, Yan Z, Shi Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Li J, Li S, Wu W, Hu X, Li Y, Zhang X, Wu L, Zhu S, Yan Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Yu L, Li X. Investigation and analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea cases and evaluation of different immunization strategies in the large-scale swine farming system. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:36. [PMID: 37537653 PMCID: PMC10401829 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a contagious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, which has caused huge economic losses around the world. However, it is very hard to find completely valid approaches to control the transmission of PEDV. At present, vaccine immunity remains the most effective method. To better control the spread of PED and evaluate the validity of different immunization strategies, 240 PED outbreak cases from 577 swine breeding farms were collected and analyzed. The objective of the present study was to analyze the epidemic regularity of PEDV and evaluate two kinds of different immunization strategies for controlling PED. RESULTS The results showed that the main reasons which led to the outbreak of PED were the movement of pig herds between different pig farms (41.7%) and delaying piglets from the normal production flow (15.8%). The prevalence of PEDV in the hot season (May to October) was obviously higher than that in the cold season (January to April, November to December). Results of different vaccine immunity cases showed that immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine (NH-TA2020 strain) and the commercial inactivated vaccine could significantly decrease the frequency of swine breeding farms (5.9%), the duration of PED epidemic (1.70 weeks), and the week batches of dead piglets (0.48 weeks weaned piglets), compared with immunization with commercial attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccine of PED. Meanwhile, immunization with the highly virulent live vaccine and the commercial inactivated vaccine could bring us more cash flows of Y̶275,274 per year than immunization with commercial live attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccine in one 3000 sow pig farm within one year. CONCLUSION Therefore, immunization with highly virulent live vaccine and inactivated vaccine of PED is more effective and economical in the prevention and control of PED in the large-scale swine farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Zhang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Qing
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntong Shi
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxian Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuangxi Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Weisheng Wu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofang Hu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shouyue Zhu
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligen Yu
- Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, 253034, China.
- Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Dezhou, 253200, China.
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive test Station, Xianyang, 712100, China.
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Song S, Park GN, Shin J, Kim KS, An BH, Choe S, Kim SY, Hyun BH, An DJ. Rescue of a Live-Attenuated Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus HSGP Strain Using a Virulent Strain and a Partially Attenuated Strain. Viruses 2023; 15:1601. [PMID: 37515287 PMCID: PMC10383568 DOI: 10.3390/v15071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In South Korea in 2013, the G1-based vaccine failed to prevent an outbreak of G2b-type porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which is more pathogenic than the traditional G1-type strain, thereby allowing the virus to spread. In 2017 and 2018, field samples were cultured sequentially on Vero cells to isolate HS (virulent) and SGP-M1 (partially attenuated) strains, respectively, of the G2b type. The HS strain harbors a single amino acid (aa) change and two aa deletions in the N-terminal domain of S1 (55I56G57E→55K56Δ57Δ). The SGP-M1 strain harbors a seven aa deletion in the C-terminal domain of S2 (1380~1386ΔFEKVHVQ). By co-infecting various animal cells with these two strains (HS and SGP-M1), we succeeded in cloning strain HSGP, which harbors the mutations present in the two original viruses. The CPE pattern of the HSGP strain was different from that of the HS and SGP-M1 strains, with higher viral titers. Studies in piglets showed attenuated pathogenicity of the HSGP strain, with no clinical symptoms or viral shedding, and histopathologic lesions similar to those in negative controls. These findings confirm that deletion of specific sequences from the S gene attenuates the pathogenicity of PEDV. In addition, HSGP strains created by combining two different strains have the potential for use as novel attenuated live vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Yi Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Jang G, Lee D, Shin S, Lim J, Won H, Eo Y, Kim CH, Lee C. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an update overview of virus epidemiology, vaccines, and control strategies in South Korea. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e58. [PMID: 37532301 PMCID: PMC10404706 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has posed significant financial threats to the domestic pig industry over the last three decades in South Korea. PEDV infection will mostly result in endemic persistence in the affected farrow-to-finish (FTF) herds, leading to endemic porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) followed by year-round recurrent outbreaks. This review aims to encourage collaboration among swine producers, veterinarians, and researchers to offer answers that strengthen our understanding of PEDV in efforts to prevent and control endemic PED and to prepare for the next epidemics or pandemics. We found that collaboratively implementing a PED risk assessment and customized four-pillar-based control measures is vital to interrupt the chain of endemic PED in affected herds: the former can identify on-farm risk factors while the latter aims to compensate for or improve weaknesses via herd immunity stabilization and virus elimination. Under endemic PED, long-term virus survival in slurry and asymptomatically infected gilts ("Trojan Pigs") that can transmit the virus to farrowing houses are key challenges for PEDV eradication in FTF farms and highlight the necessity for active monitoring and surveillance of the virus in herds and their environments. This paper underlines the current knowledge of molecular epidemiology and commercially available vaccines, as well as the risk assessment and customized strategies to control PEDV. The intervention measures for stabilizing herd immunity and eliminating virus circulation may be the cornerstone of establishing regional or national PED eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Duri Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sangjune Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Jeonggyo Lim
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Hokeun Won
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Youngjoon Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Nawoo Veterinary Group, Yangsan 50573, Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Kim
- Gyeongnam Veterinary Service Laboratory Quarantine Agency, Jinju 52733, Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
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7
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Puente H, Díaz I, Arguello H, Mencía-Ares Ó, Gómez-García M, Pérez-Pérez L, Vega C, Cortey M, Martín M, Rubio P, Carvajal A. Characterization and cross-protection of experimental infections with SeCoV and two PEDV variants. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3225-3237. [PMID: 35918058 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the infection of weaned pigs with swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) - a chimeric virus most likely originated from a recombination event between porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus, or its mutant porcine respiratory coronavirus - and two PEDV G1b variants, including a recently described recombinant PEDV-SeCoV (rPEDV-SeCoV), as well as to determine the degree of cross-protection achieved against the rPEDV-SeCoV. For this purpose, forty-eight 4-week-old weaned pigs were randomly allocated into four groups of 12 animals. Piglets within each group were primary inoculated with one of the investigated viral strains (B: PEDV; C: SeCoV and D: rPEDV-SeCoV) or mock-inoculated (A), and exposed to rPEDV-SeCOV at day 20 post-infection; thus, group A was primary challenged (-/rPEDV-SeCoV), groups B and C were subjected to a heterologous re-challenge (PEDV/rPEDV-SeCoV and SeCoV/rPEDV-SeCoV, respectively), and group D to a homologous re-challenge (rPEDV-SeCoV/rPEDV-SeCoV), Clinical signs, viral shedding, microscopic lesions and specific humoral and cellular immune responses (IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies and IgA and IFN-γ-secreting cells) were monitored. After primo-infection, all three viral strains induced an undistinguishable mild-to-moderate clinical disease with diarrhoea as the main sign and villus shortening lesions in the small intestine. In homologous re-challenged pigs, no clinical signs or lesions were observed, and viral shedding was only detected in a single animal. This fact may be explained by the significant high level of rPEDV-SeCoV-specific neutralizing antibodies found in these pigs before the challenge. In contrast, prior exposure to a different PEDV G1b variant or SeCoV only provided partial cross-protection, allowing rPEDV-SeCoV replication and shedding in faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Puente
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ivan Díaz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Héctor Arguello
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,INDEGSAL, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Óscar Mencía-Ares
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-García
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Lucía Pérez-Pérez
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Clara Vega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Martí Cortey
- Facultat de Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Facultat de Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,INDEGSAL, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de León, León, Spain.,INDEGSAL, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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8
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Schumacher L, Chen Q, Fredericks L, Gauger P, Bandrick M, Keith M, Giménez-Lirola L, Magstadt D, Yim-im W, Welch M, Zhang J. Evaluation of the Efficacy of an S-INDEL PEDV Strain Administered to Pregnant Gilts against a Virulent Non-S-INDEL PEDV Challenge in Newborn Piglets. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081801. [PMID: 36016423 PMCID: PMC9416680 DOI: 10.3390/v14081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and efficacious live-attenuated vaccine for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is not commercially available in the United States yet. Two major PEDV strains are currently circulating in US swine: highly virulent non-S-INDEL strain and milder virulent S-INDEL strain. In this study, the safety and protective efficacy of a plaque-purified S-INDEL PEDV isolate formulated as a vaccine candidate was evaluated. Ten pregnant gilts were divided into three groups and orally inoculated at 79 days of gestation and then boosted at 100 days gestation (T01: n = 4, vaccination/challenge; T02: n = 4, non-vaccination/challenge; T03: n = 2, non-vaccination/non-challenge). None of the gilts had adverse clinical signs after vaccination. Only one T01 gilt (#5026) had viral replication and detectible viral RNA in feces. The same gilt had consistent levels of PEDV-specific IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and colostrum/milk. Farrowed piglets at 3 to 5 days of age from T01 and T02 gilts were orally challenged with 103 TCID50/pig of the virulent non-S-INDEL PEDV while T03 piglets were orally inoculated with virus-negative medium. T01 litters had overall lower mortality than T02 (T01 36.4% vs. T02 74.4%). Specifically, there was 0% litter mortality from T01 gilt 5026. Overall, it appears that vaccination of pregnant gilts with S-INDEL PEDV can passively protect piglets if there is virus replication and immune response induction in the pregnant gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Schumacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lindsay Fredericks
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Luis Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Drew Magstadt
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wannarat Yim-im
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael Welch
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-8024
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9
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Wu X, Liu Y, Gao L, Yan Z, Zhao Q, Chen F, Xie Q, Zhang X. Development and Application of a Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030591. [PMID: 35336998 PMCID: PMC8948910 DOI: 10.3390/v14030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus currently widespread worldwide in the swine industry. Since PEDV was discovered in China in 1984, it has caused huge economic losses in the swine industry. PEDV can infect pigs of all ages, but piglets have the highest infection with a death rate as high as 100%, and the clinical symptoms are watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. At present, there is not any report on PEDV detection by RT-RAA. In this study, we developed an isothermal amplification technology by using reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay (RT-RAA) combined with portable instruments to achieve a molecular diagnosis of PEDV in clinical samples from China. By designing a pair of RT-RAA primers and probes based on the PEDV N gene, this method breaks the limitations of existing detection methods. The assay time was within 30 min at 41 °C and can detect as few as 10 copies of PEDV DNA molecules per reaction. Sixty-two clinical tissue samples were detected by RT-qPCR and RT-RAA. The positive and negative rates for the two methods were 24.19% and 75.81%, respectively. Specificity assay showed that the RT-RAA had specifically detected PEDV and was not reactive for porcine parvovirus (PPV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), swine flu virus (SIV), or porcine Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The results suggested that RT-RAA had a strong specificity and high detection sensitivity when combined with a portable instrument to complete the detection under a constant temperature of 30 min, which are more suitable for preventing and controlling PEDV onsite in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Wu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanjia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Liguo Gao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu 527439, China;
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0283 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0740 (X.Z.)
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.W.); (L.G.); (Q.Z.); (F.C.)
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Q.X.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0283 (X.Z.); Fax: +86-20-8528-0740 (X.Z.)
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10
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Puente H, Argüello H, Mencía-Ares Ó, Gómez-García M, Rubio P, Carvajal A. Detection and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Coronavirus Involved in Diarrhea Outbreaks in Spain. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:651999. [PMID: 33718476 PMCID: PMC7947225 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.651999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine enteric coronaviruses include some of the most relevant viral pathogens to the swine industry such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) or porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as well as several recently identified virus such as swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) or swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV). The aim of this study is the identification and characterization of enteric coronaviruses on Spanish pig farms between 2017 and 2019. The study was carried out on 106 swine farms with diarrhea outbreaks where a viral etiology was suspected by using two duplex RT-PCRs developed for the detection of porcine enteric coronaviruses. PEDV was the only coronavirus detected in our research (38.7% positive outbreaks, 41 out of 106) and neither TGEV, SeCoV, PDCoV nor SeACoV were detected in any of the samples. The complete S-gene of all the PEDV isolates recovered were obtained and compared to PEDV and SeCoV sequences available in GenBank. The phylogenetic tree showed that only PEDV of the INDEL 2 or G1b genogroup has circulated in Spain between 2017 and 2019. Three different variants were detected, the recombinant PEDV-SeCoV being the most widespread. These results show that PEDV is a relevant cause of enteric disorders in pigs in Spain while new emerging coronavirus have not been detected so far. However, the monitoring of these virus is advisable to curtail their emergence and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Puente
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Óscar Mencía-Ares
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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11
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Flageul A, Lucas P, Hirchaud E, Touzain F, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N, Brown P, Grasland B. Viral variant visualizer (VVV): A novel bioinformatic tool for rapid and simple visualization of viral genetic diversity. Virus Res 2020; 291:198201. [PMID: 33080244 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here a bioinformatic pipeline VVV has been developed to analyse viral populations in a given sample from Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data. To date, handling large amounts of data from NGS requires the expertise of bioinformaticians, both for data processing and result analysis. Consequently, VVV was designed to help non-bioinformaticians to perform these tasks. By providing only the NGS data file, the developed pipeline generated consensus sequences and determined the composition of the viral population for an avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) and three different animal coronaviruses (Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), Turkey Coronavirus (TCoV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)). In all cases, the pipeline produced viral consensus genomes corresponding to known consensus sequence and made it possible to highlight the presence of viral genetic variants through a single graphic representation. The method was validated by comparing the viral populations of an AMPV field sample, and of a copy of this virus produced from a DNA clone. VVV demonstrated that the cloned virus population was homogeneous (as designed) at position 2934 where the wild-type virus demonstrated two variant populations at a ratio of almost 50:50. A total of 18, 10, 3 and 28, viral genetic variants were detected for AMPV, PEDV, TCoV and IBV respectively. The simplicity of this pipeline makes the study of viral genetic variants more accessible to a wide variety of biologists, which should ultimately increase the rate of understanding of the mechanisms of viral genetic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Flageul
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Virology, Immunology and Parasitology in Poultry and Rabbit (VIPAC) Unit, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Viral Genetic and Biosafety (GVB) Unit, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Viral Genetic and Biosafety (GVB) Unit, France
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Viral Genetic and Biosafety (GVB) Unit, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Viral Genetic and Biosafety (GVB) Unit, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Virology, Immunology and Parasitology in Poultry and Rabbit (VIPAC) Unit, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), France
| | - Paul Brown
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Virology, Immunology and Parasitology in Poultry and Rabbit (VIPAC) Unit, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Agence National de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Virology, Immunology and Parasitology in Poultry and Rabbit (VIPAC) Unit, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), France.
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12
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de Nova PJG, Cortey M, Díaz I, Puente H, Rubio P, Martín M, Carvajal A. A retrospective study of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) reveals the presence of swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) since 1993 and the recent introduction of a recombinant PEDV-SeCoV in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2911-2922. [PMID: 32511876 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective evaluation of PEDV-positive samples recovered in Spain before and after the re-emergence of this coronavirus in several European countries was carried out. We described for the first time recombinant SeCoV circulating in Spain between 1993 and 2014 and its misidentification as PEDV when diagnostic assays based on the S-protein or S-gene of the PEDV were used. The complete S-gene sequence of 7 Spanish SeCoV and 30 PEDV Spanish isolates was phylogenetically analysed including the S-gene sequences of the three SeCoV and a representative selection of the PEDV strains with complete genome sequences available in the GenBank. The tree showed a common ancestor for the S-gene of the PEDV and SeCoV, but no evolution from any known PEDV clade was shown for the SeCoV strains. Moreover, complete genome sequences were obtained from 23 PEDV strains recovered in Spanish swine farms since 2014. The phylogenetic tree showed the INDEL type genogroup of these Spanish strains, supporting the lower pathogenicity of this genogroup since no significant economic losses were reported in the affected Spanish swine farms. Four subgroups were detected among PEDV strains in Spain, closely related to the recent European strains. Moreover, eight of the most recent Spanish PEDV isolates formed a subclade together with three European strains from 2015, showing a new evolution branch with a recombinant virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J G de Nova
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Martí Cortey
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ivan Díaz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Héctor Puente
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Marga Martín
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Department of Animal Health, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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13
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Jung K, Saif LJ, Wang Q. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): An update on etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control. Virus Res 2020; 286:198045. [PMID: 32502552 PMCID: PMC7266596 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causes acute diarrhea and/or vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Two different genogroups of PEDV, S INDEL [PEDV variant containing multiple deletions and insertions in the S1 subunit of the spike (S) protein, G1b] and non-S INDEL (G2b) strains were detected during the diarrheal disease outbreak in US swine in 2013-2014. Similar viruses are also circulating globally. Continuous improvement and update of biosecurity and vaccine strains and protocols are still needed to control and prevent PEDV infections worldwide. Although the non-S INDEL PEDV was highly virulent and the S INDEL PEDV caused milder disease, the latter has the capacity to cause illness in a high number of piglets on farms with low biosecurity and herd immunity. The main PEDV transmission route is fecal-oral, but airborne transmission via the fecal-nasal route may play a role in pig-to-pig and farm-to-farm spread. PEDV infection of neonatal pigs causes fecal virus shedding (alongside frequent detection of PEDV RNA in the nasal cavity), acute viremia, severe atrophic enteritis (mainly jejunum and ileum), and increased pro-inflammatory and innate immune responses. PEDV-specific IgA effector and memory B cells in orally primed sows play a critical role in sow lactogenic immunity and passive protection of piglets. This review focuses on the etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwonil Jung
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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14
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Bigault L, Brown P, Bernard C, Blanchard Y, Grasland B. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: Viral RNA detection and quantification using a validated one-step real time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 2020; 283:113906. [PMID: 32485176 PMCID: PMC7261358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Development and complete validation of a one-step RT-qPCR method for the detection and quantification of PEDV. Broad range detection of S-INDEL and S-non-INDEL strains. Optimization of Primer concentrations reduce primer dimer formation. Addition of a proteinase K treatment allow good reproducibility.
Since 2014, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has reemerged in Europe. RT-PCR methods have been described for the detection of PEDV, but none have been validated according to a norm. In this study we described the development and validation of a SYBR™ Green one-step RT-qPCR according to the French norm NF U47-600, for the detection and quantification of PEDV viral RNA. The method was validated from sample preparation (feces or jejunum) through to nucleic acid extraction and RT-qPCR detection. Specificity and sensitivity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantification (LQ), linearity, intra and inter assay variability were evaluated using transcribed RNA and fecal and jejunum matrices spiked with virus. The analytical and diagnostic specificities and sensitivities of this RT-qPCR were 100% in this study. A LoD of 50 genome copies/5 μl of extract from fecal matrices spiked with virus or RNA transcript and 100 genome copies/5 μl of extract from jejunum matrices spiked with virus were obtained. The Lower LQ (LLQ) was 100 genome copies/5 μl and the Upper LQ (ULQ) 108 copies/5 μl. This method is the first, validated according a norm for PEDV and may serve as a global reference method to harmonize detection and quantification of PEDV viral RNA in both field and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bigault
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Paul Brown
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Cécilia Bernard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France
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15
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Impact of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and transmission under experimental conditions. Vet Microbiol 2019; 234:1-7. [PMID: 31213264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is a zoonotic pathogen for which pigs have been identified as the main reservoir in industrialised countries. HEV infection dynamics in pig herds and pigs are influenced by several factors, including herd practices and possibly co-infection with immunomodulating viruses. This study therefore investigates the impact of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on HEV infection and transmission through experimental HEV/PCV2 co-infection of specific-pathogen-free pigs. No statistical difference between HEV-only and HEV/PCV2-infected animals was found for either the infectious period or the quantity of HEV shed in faeces. The HEV latency period was shorter for HEV/PCV2 co-infected pigs than for HEV-only infected pigs (11.6 versus 12.3 days). Its direct transmission rate was three times higher in cases of HEV/PCV2 co-infection than in cases of HEV-only infection (0.12 versus 0.04). On the other hand, the HEV transmission rate through environmental accumulation was lower in cases of HEV/PCV2 co-infection (4.3·10-6 versus 1.5·10-5 g/RNA copies/day for HEV-only infected pigs). The time prior to HEV seroconversion was 1.9 times longer in HEV/PCV2 co-infected pigs (49.4 versus 25.6 days for HEV-only infected pigs). In conclusion, our study shows that PCV2 affects HEV infection and transmission in pigs under experimental conditions.
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Mourand G, Andraud M, Jouy E, Chauvin C, Le Devendec L, Paboeuf F, Kempf I. Impact of colistin administered before or after inoculation on the transmission of a mcr-1 colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strain between pigs. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:164-170. [PMID: 30827384 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance associated with plasmidic resistance genes is a serious public health issue. We aimed at studying the transmission of an mcr-1 colistin- and rifampicin-resistant Escherichia coli strain between inoculated pigs and sentinels in different controlled conditions. Three groups of four pigs were bred in separated animal rooms and inoculated on Day 0 (D0). In each inoculated group, six contact pigs were introduced on D2. The first inoculated-and-contact group was left untreated. The ten pigs in the second inoculated-and-contact group received colistin (100 000 IU/kg) before inoculation or contact (D-7 to D-5), simulating prophylactic administration. Pigs in the third inoculated-and-contact group were treated just after inoculation or before transfer (D0 to D2), simulating metaphylactic administration. Faecal samples were regularly collected and segments of intestinal tracts were obtained at necropsy, on D20-D22. Samples were cultured on rifampicin-supplemented media, and PCR was used to detect the mcr-1 gene. The kinetics of infection, based on culture results, were analysed using an SIR model. The inoculated strain was detected in all inoculated and contact pigs. The SIR model showed that one infected pig could transmit the resistant bacteria to one susceptible individual in less than 3 h on average. Prophylactic administration significantly enhanced the transmission rate and resulted in more samples containing the mcr-1 resistance gene at necropsy. No effect of metaphylactic administration could be detected on the transmission rate, nor on the carriage of the resistant strain. Our study confirms that colistin should not be used in a prophylactic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Mourand
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Eric Jouy
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Laetitia Le Devendec
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Frederic Paboeuf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, France.
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Gallien S, Andraud M, Moro A, Lediguerher G, Morin N, Gauger PC, Bigault L, Paboeuf F, Berri M, Rose N, Grasland B. Better horizontal transmission of a US non-InDel strain compared with a French InDel strain of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1720-1732. [PMID: 29968338 PMCID: PMC7169779 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
From the severe porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) epidemics that struck in 2013 in the United States of America and other countries of North and South America, two types of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) were isolated, namely the InDel and the non-InDel strains. They are differentiated by insertions/deletions in the S1 nucleotide sequence of the S gene, and differences in virulence were observed from the clinical cases. In 2014, a PED outbreak occurred in a pig farm in France, from which an InDel strain was isolated. This study aimed at comparing, under experimental conditions, the pathogenicity and the direct and indirect transmissions between a non-InDel strain isolated from a PED-affected piglet in 2014 in the USA and the French InDel strain. All infected pigs showed clinical signs with the non-InDel strain although only the inoculated and direct contact pigs showed clinical signs in the InDel strain group. Although viral RNA was detected in air samples with both strains, the indirect contact pigs remained free from infection with the InDel strain in contrast to the non-InDel group in which airborne transmission occurred in the indirect contact pigs. All infected pigs shed virus in faeces regardless of PEDV strain with 9 of 30 pigs showing intermittent faecal shedding. The transmission rate by direct contact was found to be 2.17-fold higher than the non-InDel strain compared with the InDel. In conclusion, the InDel strain was less pathogenic than the non-InDel strain in our experimental conditions. The transmission route differed between the two strains. Direct contact was the main transmission route for the InDel strain, although the non-InDel strain was transmitted through direct contact and indirectly through the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gallien
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
- ISPINRAUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282NouzillyFrance
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Angélique Moro
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Gérald Lediguerher
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Nadège Morin
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal MedicineVeterinary Diagnostic LaboratoryIowa State University College of Veterinary MedicineAmesIowa
| | - Lionel Bigault
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Mustapha Berri
- ISPINRAUniversité François Rabelais de ToursUMR 1282NouzillyFrance
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Laboratoire de PloufraganANSESAgence Nationale de Sécurité SanitairePloufraganFrance
- Université Bretagne LoireRennesFrance
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Gallien S, Moro A, Lediguerher G, Catinot V, Paboeuf F, Bigault L, Gauger PC, Pozzi N, Berri M, Authié E, Rose N, Grasland B. Limited shedding of an S-InDel strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in semen and questions regarding the infectivity of the detected virus. Vet Microbiol 2018; 228:20-25. [PMID: 30593368 PMCID: PMC7117288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if PEDV can be shed in semen from SPF (specific pathogens free) boars infected by a French «S-InDel» PEDV strain (PEDV/FR/001/2014) and in case of positive semen to determine the infectivity of that semen. Both infected boars had diarrhea after inoculation and shed virus in feces. In addition, PEDV genome was detected by RT-qPCR in the sperm-rich fraction of semen from the two boars infected with the «S-InDel» PEDV strain. The PEDV positive semen («S-non-InDel» and «S-InDel») sampled during a previous trial and in this boar trial were inoculated to six SPF weaned pigs. PEDV could be detected in intestinal tissues such as duodenum, jejunum and jejunum Peyer’s patches by RT-qPCR except for one pig.
PEDV is mainly transmitted by the oro-fecal route although PEDV shedding in semen has already been shown for an S-non-InDel PEDV strain infection. The aim of this study was to determine if PEDV can be shed in semen from SPF (specific pathogens free) boars infected by a French S-InDel PEDV strain (PEDV/FR/001/2014) and in case of positive semen to determine the infectivity of that semen. Both infected boars had diarrhea after inoculation and shed virus in feces. PEDV genome was also detected by RT-qPCR in the sperm-rich fraction of semen (6.94 × 103 and 4.73 × 103 genomic copies/mL) from the two boars infected with the S-InDel PEDV strain but only once at 7DPI. In addition, PEDV RNA in Peyer’s patches and in mesenteric lymph nodes was also present for the two inoculated boars. The PEDV positive semen (S-non-InDel and S-InDel) sampled during a previous trial and in this boar trial were inoculated to six SPF weaned pigs. The inoculated piglets did not seroconvert and did not shed virus throughout the duration of the study except for one pig at 18 DPI. But, PEDV could be detected in intestinal tissues such as duodenum, jejunum and jejunum Peyer’s patches by RT-qPCR except for one pig. Even if PEDV genome has been detected in semen, experimental infection of piglets with positive semen failed to conclude to the infectivity of the detected PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gallien
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France; Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université François Rabelais UMR, 1282 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angélique Moro
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Gérald Lediguerher
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Catinot
- Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Reproducteurs (LNCR), 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lionel Bigault
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Phillip C Gauger
- Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic & Production Animal Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, United States
| | - Nathalie Pozzi
- Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Reproducteurs (LNCR), 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mustapha Berri
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université François Rabelais UMR, 1282 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edith Authié
- Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Reproducteurs (LNCR), 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Gallien S, Fablet C, Bigault L, Bernard C, Toulouse O, Berri M, Blanchard Y, Rose N, Grasland B. Lessons learnt from a porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) case in France in 2014: Descriptive epidemiology and control measures implemented. Vet Microbiol 2018; 226:9-14. [PMID: 30389049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An acute epidemic of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has affected the USA since 2013 and spread all around the world. In France, the immune status of the pig population against PED virus (PEDV) was expected to be low due to the absence of circulation of the virus since the 80's and a compulsory notification of PED was set up in 2014. Here, we reported the first case of a PED outbreak in December 2014 in the North of France after a long absence of the disease, the monitoring of the excretion and the control measure implementation. The isolated strain in France in December 2014 was a PEDV "S-InDel" strain which was close to the "S-InDel" German PEDV strain isolated in May 2014. The individual shedding duration of PEDV in feces was estimated around 20 days for pigs of different ages. Biosecurity measures implemented allowed the limitation of PEDV spread to fattening and farrowing rooms without dissemination to the nursery block. Using strict biosecurity measures, direct shipment of infected fatteners to the slaughterhouse, strict decontamination protocols with a quarantine of 6 weeks for replacement gilts without voluntary contamination helped PEDV fade out within the herd and avoided the spread to other herds. PEDV presence in manure was investigated as well as the inactivation treatment of the virus present in the liquid manure. An increase to a pH 12 of liquid manure by liming led to the absence of PEDV detection by RT-PCR after seven days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gallien
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Christelle Fablet
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Lionel Bigault
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Cécilia Bernard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Toulouse
- Clinique VET Flandres, 5 bis rue de Dunkerque, 59190, Hazebrouck, France
| | - Mustapha Berri
- INRA ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Rose
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Laboratory of Ploufragan/Plouzané, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France; Université Bretagne Loire, Cité internationale, 1 place Paul Ricoeur CS 54417, 35044 Rennes, France.
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