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Shi K, Feng S, Zhao L, Chen J, Song W, Jia Y, Qu X, Liu Z, Jia W, Du S, Liao M. N-glycosylation on hemagglutinin head reveals inter-branch antigenic variability of avian influenza virus H5-subtypes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132901. [PMID: 38848854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
H5-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is globally prevalent and undergoes frequent antigenic drift, necessitating regular updates to vaccines. One of the many influencing elements that cause incompatibility between vaccinations and epidemic strains is the dynamic alteration of glycosylation sites. However, the biological significance of N-glycosylation in the viral evolution and antigenic changes is unclear. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of glycosylation sites on the HA1 subunit of H5N1, providing insights into the changes of primary glycosylation sites, including 140 N, 156 N, and 170 N within the antigenic epitopes of HA1 protein. Multiple recombinant viruses were then generated based on HA genes of historical vaccine strains and deactivated for immunizing SPF chickens. Inactivated recombinant strains showed relatively closer antigenicity compared to which has identical N-glycosylation patterns. The N-glycosylation modification discrepancy highlights the inter-branch antigenic diversity of H5-subtype viruses in avian influenza and serves as a vital foundation for improving vaccination tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shouwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou 510550, China.
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Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Shen J, Sun X, Xu H, Xie Y, Gao X, Cui P, Chu D, Li Y, Liu W, Peng P, Deng G, Guo J, Li X. Prevalence, evolution, replication and transmission of H3N8 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in eastern China from 2017 to 2021. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2184178. [PMID: 36913241 PMCID: PMC10013397 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2184178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The continued evolution and emergence of novel influenza viruses in wild and domestic animals poses an increasing public health risk. Two human cases of H3N8 avian influenza virus infection in China in 2022 have caused public concern regarding the risk of transmission between birds and humans. However, the prevalence of H3N8 avian influenza viruses in their natural reservoirs and their biological characteristics are largely unknown. To elucidate the potential threat of H3N8 viruses, we analyzed five years of surveillance data obtained from an important wetland region in eastern China and evaluated the evolutionary and biological characteristics of 21 H3N8 viruses isolated from 15,899 migratory bird samples between 2017 and 2021. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the H3N8 viruses circulating in migratory birds and ducks have evolved into different branches and have undergone complicated reassortment with viruses in waterfowl. The 21 viruses belonged to 12 genotypes, and some strains induced body weight loss and pneumonia in mice. All the tested H3N8 viruses preferentially bind to avian-type receptors, although they have acquired the ability to bind human-type receptors. Infection studies in ducks, chickens and pigeons demonstrated that the currently circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds have a high possibility of infecting domestic waterfowl and a low possibility of infecting chickens and pigeons. Our findings imply that circulating H3N8 viruses in migratory birds continue to evolve and pose a high infection risk in domestic ducks. These results further emphasize the importance of avian influenza surveillance at the wild bird and poultry interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhao
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Shen
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongke Xu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Xie
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chu
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
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Emergence, Evolution, and Biological Characteristics of H10N4 and H10N8 Avian Influenza Viruses in Migratory Wild Birds Detected in Eastern China in 2020. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0080722. [PMID: 35389243 PMCID: PMC9045299 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00807-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H10Nx influenza viruses have caused increasing public concern due to their occasional infection of humans. However, the genesis and biological characteristics of H10 viruses in migratory wild birds are largely unknown. In this study, we conducted active surveillance to monitor circulation of avian influenza viruses in eastern China and isolated five H10N4 and two H10N8 viruses from migratory birds in 2020. Genetic analysis indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the seven H10 viruses were clustered into the North American lineage and established as a novel Eurasian branch in wild birds in South Korea, Bangladesh, and China. The neuraminidase (NA) genes of the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses originated from the circulating HxN4 and H5N8 viruses in migratory birds in Eurasia. We further revealed that some of the novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses acquired the ability to bind human-like receptors. Animal studies indicated that these H10 viruses can replicate in mice, chickens, and ducks. Importantly, we found that the H10N4 and H10N8 viruses can transmit efficiently among chickens and ducks but induce lower HA inhibition (HI) antibody titers in ducks. These findings emphasized that annual surveillance in migratory waterfowl should be strengthened to monitor the introduction of wild-bird H10N4 and H10N8 reassortants into poultry. IMPORTANCE The emerging avian influenza reassortants and mutants in birds pose an increasing threat to poultry and public health. H10 avian influenza viruses are widely prevalent in wild birds, poultry, seals, and minks and pose an increasing threat to human health. The occasional human infections with H10N8 and H10N3 viruses in China have significantly increased public concern about the potential pandemic risk posed by H10 viruses. In this study, we found that the North American H10 viruses have been successfully introduced to Asia by migratory birds and further reassorted with other subtypes to generate novel H10N4 and H10N8 viruses in eastern China. These emerging H10 reassortants have a high potential to threaten the poultry industry and human health due to their efficient replication and transmission in chickens, ducks, and mice.
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Ahmad S, Koh KY, Yoo DS, Lee JI. Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e36. [PMID: 35618317 PMCID: PMC9149499 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. Objectives This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. Methods Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014–2016] and H5N6 [2016–2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. Conclusions Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ahmad
- Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61216, Korea
| | - Kye-Young Koh
- Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61216, Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Veterinary Public Health Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61216, Korea
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SUMOylation of matrix protein M1 and filamentous morphology collectively contribute to the replication and virulence of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses in mammals. J Virol 2021; 96:e0163021. [PMID: 34908445 PMCID: PMC8865470 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01630-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus plays an important role in replication, assembly, and budding. A previous study found that aspartic acid (D) at position 30 and alanine (A) at position 215 of M1 contribute to the high pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses in mice, and double mutations of D to asparagine (N) at position 30 (D30N) and A to threonine (T) at position 215 (A215T) in M1 dramatically attenuate H5N1 viruses in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these M1 mutations attenuate the virulence of H5N1 viruses are unknown. Here, we found that the amino acid mutation A215T eliminates the SUMOylation of M1 by reducing its interaction with the host SUMO1 protein, significantly reducing the stability of M1, slowing the export of the M1-vRNP complex from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and reducing viral replication in MDCK cells. We further found that the D30N mutation in M1 alters the shape of progeny viruses from filamentous to spherical virions. Our findings reveal an essential role for M1 215A SUMOylation and M1 30D-related filamentous morphology in the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses, which could be targeted in novel antiviral drug designs. IMPORTANCE Identification of the pathogenic mechanism of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mammals is helpful to develop novel anti-influenza virus strategies. Two amino acid mutations (D30N and A215T) in M1 were found to collectively attenuate H5N1 influenza viruses in mice, but the underlying mechanism remained unknown. This study found that the A215T mutation significantly decreases the SUMOylation of M1, which in turn attenuates the replication of H5N1 virus in mammalian cells. The D30N mutation in M1 was found to change the virion shape from filamentous to spherical. These findings are important for understanding the molecular mechanism of virulence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in mammals.
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Genetic and biological characteristics of the globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses and the protective efficacy offered by the poultry vaccine currently used in China. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:795-808. [PMID: 34757542 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls; the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza.
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Guo J, Wang Y, Zhao C, Gao X, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang M, Zhang H, Liu W, Wang C, Xia Y, Xu L, He G, Shen J, Sun X, Wang W, Han X, Zhang X, Hou Z, Jin X, Peng N, Li Y, Deng G, Cui P, Zhang Q, Li X, Chen H. Molecular characterization, receptor binding property, and replication in chickens and mice of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens, peafowls, and wild birds in eastern China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2098-2112. [PMID: 34709136 PMCID: PMC8592596 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1999778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses are widely prevalent in birds and pose an increasing threat to humans because of their enhanced virulence and transmissibility in mammals. Active surveillance on the prevalence and evolution of H9N2 viruses in different avian hosts will help develop eradication measures. We isolated 16 H9N2 viruses from chickens, green peafowls, and wild birds in eastern China from 2017 to 2019 and characterized their comparative genetic evolution, receptor-binding specificity, antigenic diversity, replication, and transmission in chickens and mice. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the green peafowl viruses and swan reassortant shared the same ancestor with the poultry H9N2 viruses prevalent in eastern China, while the seven wild bird viruses belonged to wild bird lineage. The chicken, peafowl, and swan H9N2 viruses that belonged to the poultry lineage preferentially recognized α-2, 6-linked sialic acids (human-like receptor), but the wild bird lineage viruses can bind both α-2, 3 (avian-like receptor) and human-like receptor similarly. Interestingly, the H9N2 viruses of poultry lineage replicated well and transmitted efficiently, but the viruses of wild bird lineage replicated and transmitted with low efficiency. Importantly, the H9N2 viruses of poultry lineage replicated in higher titer in mammal cells and mice than the viruses of wild birds lineage. Altogether, our study indicates that co-circulation of the H9N2 viruses in poultry, wild birds, and ornamental birds increased their cross-transmission risk in different birds because of their widespread dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingju Xia
- National Classical Swine Fever Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- National Classical Swine Fever Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimei He
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Shen
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Han
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Hou
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin Jin
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Peng
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- National Classical Swine Fever Reference Laboratory, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Yeo SJ, Hoang VT, Duong TB, Nguyen NM, Tuong HT, Azam M, Sung HW, Park H. Emergence of a Novel Reassortant H5N3 Avian Influenza Virus in Korean Mallard Ducks in 2018. Intervirology 2021; 65:1-16. [PMID: 34438407 DOI: 10.1159/000517057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The avian influenza (AI) virus causes a highly contagious disease which is common in wild and domestic birds and sporadic in humans. Mutations and genetic reassortments among the 8 negative-sense RNA segments of the viral genome alter its pathogenic potential, demanding well-targeted, active surveillance for infection control. METHODS Wild duck fecal samples were collected during the 2018 bird health annual surveillance in South Korea for tracking variations of the AI virus. One low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 reassortment virus (A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 [H5N3]) was isolated and genomically characterized by phylogenetic and molecular analyses in this study. RESULTS It was devoid of polybasic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site and exhibited a stalk region without deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) gene and NA inhibitor resistance-linked E/D627K/N and D701N marker mutations in the PB2 gene, suggesting its low-pathogenic AI. It showed a potential of a reassortment where only HA originated from the H5N3 poultry virus of China and other genes were derived from Mongolia. In phylogenetic analysis, HA was different from that of the isolate of H5N3 in Korea, 2015. In addition, this novel virus showed adaptation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, with 8.05 ± 0.14 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) /mL at 36 h postinfection. However, it could not replicate in mice well, showing positive growth at 3 days postinfection (dpi) (2.1 ± 0.13 log10 TCID50/mL) but not at 6 dpi. CONCLUSIONS The HA antigenic relationship of A/mallard duck/South Korea/KNU18-91/2018 (H5N3) showed differences toward one of the old low-pathogenic H5N3 viruses in Korea. These results indicated that a novel reassortment low-pathogenic avian influenza H5N3 subtype virus emerged in South Korea in 2018 via novel multiple reassortments with Eurasian viruses, rather than one of old Korean H5N3 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ju Yeo
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Vui Thi Hoang
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Bao Duong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Minh Nguyen
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Thi Tuong
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudsser Azam
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Haan Woo Sung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Ly H. Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711997. [PMID: 34326849 PMCID: PMC8313855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe symptoms and has the potential to cause high number of deaths and great economic loss. Vaccination is still the best option to prevent influenza virus infection. Different types of influenza vaccines, including live attenuated virus vaccines, inactivated whole virus vaccines, virosome vaccines, split-virion vaccines and subunit vaccines have been developed. However, they have several limitations, such as the relatively high manufacturing cost and long production time, moderate efficacy of some of the vaccines in certain populations, and lack of cross-reactivity. These are some of the problems that need to be solved. Here, we summarized recent advances in the development and application of different types of influenza vaccines, including the recent development of viral vectored influenza vaccines. We also described the construction of other vaccines that are based on recombinant influenza viruses as viral vectors. Information provided in this review article might lead to the development of safe and highly effective novel influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiehuang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States
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Shen H, Huang J, Yan Z, Yin L, Li Q, Zhou Q, Chen F. Isolation and characterization of a recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus circulating in Muscovy ducks in South China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2931-2936. [PMID: 33011831 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, flocks of Muscovy ducks presented with clinical signs typical of MDPV infection. The MDPV GD201911 strain was isolated by inoculating samples from positive birds into Muscovy duck embryos. Challenge with the isolate GD201911 caused typical MDPV disease symptoms and resulted in 25%-40% mortality, depending on the challenge dose, indicating the high pathogenicity of GD201911 for Muscovy ducks. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that GD201911 clustered with recombinant MDPV strains, indicating that recombinant MDPV is circulating in China. Epidemiological monitoring should be performed continuously to assist with decision making for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqin Shen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory for Animal Health and Environmental Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, 527439, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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11
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Li X, Sun J, Lv X, Wang Y, Li Y, Li M, Liu W, Zhi M, Yang X, Fu T, Ma P, Li Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Yang G, Chen G, Zhang J, Zheng H, Zhang G, Hua Y, Yang S, Li Y, Richt JA, Chai H. Novel Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Isolate in Migratory Waterfowl in Hubei Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:220. [PMID: 32117193 PMCID: PMC7031422 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2017, an influenza A(H9N2) virus (B51) was isolated from migratory waterfowl in Hubei Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that B51 is a novel reassortant influenza virus containing segments from human H7N4 virus and North American wild bird influenza viruses. This suggest that B51 has undergone multiple reassortment events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Investigation and Planning Institute of Hubei Forestry, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tian Fu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiran Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xihua Zhou
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesong Zheng
- Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Research and Development Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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12
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Genetic Characterization of Avian Influenza A (H11N9) Virus Isolated from Mandarin Ducks in South Korea in 2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020203. [PMID: 32059510 PMCID: PMC7077279 DOI: 10.3390/v12020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In July 2018, a novel avian influenza virus (A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9)) was isolated from Mandarin ducks in South Korea. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses were conducted to characterize the genetic origins of the H11N9 strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that eight gene segments of strain H11N9 belonged to the Eurasian lineages. Analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity of both the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes revealed the highest homology with A/duck/Kagoshima/KU57/2014 (H11N9), showing 97.70% and 98.00% nucleotide identities, respectively. Additionally, internal genes showed homology higher than 98% compared to those of other isolates derived from duck and wild birds. Both the polymerase acidic (PA) and polymerase basic 1 (PB1) genes were close to the H5N3 strain isolated in China; whereas, other internal genes were closely related to that of avian influenza virus in Japan. A single basic amino acid at the HA cleavage site (PAIASR↓GLF), the lack of a five-amino acid deletion (residue 69–73) in the stalk region of the NA gene, and E627 in the polymerase basic 2 (PB2) gene indicated that the A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate was a typical low-pathogenicity avian influenza. In vitro viral replication of H11N9 showed a lower titer than H1N1 and higher than H9N2. In mice, H11N9 showed lower adaptation than H1N1. The novel A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) isolate may have resulted from an unknown reassortment through the import of multiple wild birds in Japan and Korea in approximately 2016–2017, evolving to produce a different H11N9 compared to the previous H11N9 in Korea (2016). Further reassortment events of this virus occurred in PB1 and PA in China-derived strains. These results indicate that Japanese- and Chinese-derived avian influenza contributes to the genetic diversity of A/Mandarin duck/South Korea/KNU18-12/2018(H11N9) in Korea.
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13
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Guo J, Gao X, Liu B, Li Y, Liu W, Lu J, Liu C, Xue R, Li X. Mouse adaptation of the H9N2 avian influenza virus causes the downregulation of genes related to innate immune responses and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:151-161. [PMID: 31982962 PMCID: PMC7087327 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza viruses sporadically infect humans worldwide. These viruses have also contributed internal genes to H5N1, H5N6, H7N9, and H10N8 viruses, which have been isolated from humans with infections and are a substantial public health threat. To investigate the potential pathogenic mechanism of the H9N2 virus, we performed serial lung-to-lung passage of an avirulent H9N2 avian influenza virus (A/Chicken/Shandong/416/2016 [SD/416]) in mice to increase the pathogenicity of this virus. We generated a mouse-adapted (MA) virus that exhibited increased viral titers in the lungs, caused severe lung damage in mice, and induced body weight loss in mice; however, the avirulent parental virus did not cause any clinical symptoms in infected mice. Global gene expression analysis was performed and indicated that the transcriptional responses of these viruses were distinct. The lungs of mice infected with the MA virus exhibited the downregulation of genes related to innate immunity and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, which was not seen in infections with the avirulent parental virus. These data indicated that the MA virus might evade immune surveillance and changed its replication capacity to increase the viral replication level and pathogenicity. Our study demonstrates that host factors play an important role in the adaptive evolution of influenza virus in new hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baotao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbiao Lu
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyong Li
- College of Agricultural, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Shandong, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China.
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