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Titcomb G, Uelmen J, Janko M, Nunn C. Infectious disease responses to human climate change adaptations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17433. [PMID: 39171421 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Many recent studies have examined the impact of predicted changes in temperature and precipitation patterns on infectious diseases under different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. But these emissions scenarios symbolize more than altered temperature and precipitation regimes; they also represent differing levels of change in energy, transportation, and food production at a global scale to reduce the effects of climate change. The ways humans respond to climate change, either through adaptation or mitigation, have underappreciated, yet hugely impactful effects on infectious disease transmission, often in complex and sometimes nonintuitive ways. Thus, in addition to investigating the direct effects of climate changes on infectious diseases, it is critical to consider how human preventative measures and adaptations to climate change will alter the environments and hosts that support pathogens. Here, we consider the ways that human responses to climate change will likely impact disease risk in both positive and negative ways. We evaluate the evidence for these impacts based on the available data, and identify research directions needed to address climate change while minimizing externalities associated with infectious disease, especially for vulnerable communities. We identify several different human adaptations to climate change that are likely to affect infectious disease risk independently of the effects of climate change itself. We categorize these changes into adaptation strategies to secure access to water, food, and shelter, and mitigation strategies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. We recognize that adaptation strategies are more likely to have infectious disease consequences for under-resourced communities, and call attention to the need for socio-ecological studies to connect human behavioral responses to climate change and their impacts on infectious disease. Understanding these effects is crucial as climate change intensifies and the global community builds momentum to slow these changes and reduce their impacts on human health, economic productivity, and political stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Titcomb
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Johnny Uelmen
- Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark Janko
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles Nunn
- Triangle Center for Evolutionary Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Yang T, Yang W, Kuang G, Pan H, Han X, Yang L, Wang J, Feng Y. Prevalence and Characteristics of Novel Pathogenic Leptospira Species in Bats in Yunnan Province, China. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1619. [PMID: 37375121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis has been identified as a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the bacterial genus Leptospira. Rodents are considered the primary hosts of these bacteria, whereas many recent studies suggest that bats may serve as potential natural reservoirs. However, studies on pathogenic spirochetes hosted by bat populations still need to be completed in China. In this study, a total of 276 bats belonging to five genera collected in Yunnan Province (Southwest China) from 2017 to 2021 were included in the screening. Pathogenic spirochetes were detected by PCR amplification and sequencing targeting four genes (rrs, secY, flaB, and LipL32), resulting in 17 positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on multi-loci concatenated sequences, inferred by MLST approach, identified the strains as two novel Leptospira species within the pathogenic group. Of note, only Rousettus leschenaultii was found to harbor these spirochetes, suggesting it may be one of the potential natural reservoirs in circulating leptospires in this region. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis and transmission dynamics still need to be fully understood, requiring in-depth studies on other animals and the surrounding population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Weihong Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Guopeng Kuang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Xi Han
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Lifen Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yun Feng
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali 671000, China
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Xu J, Chen J, Xiong C, Qin L, Hu B, Liu M, Ren Y, Li Y, Cai K, Chen L, Hou W. Pathogenic Leptospira Infections in Hubei Province, Central China. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010099. [PMID: 36677392 PMCID: PMC9865294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important zoonosis that is caused by pathogenic Leptospira, which is considered to be a re-emerging infectious disease in many countries. Rodents are the most important reservoirs for both human and animal infection. An epidemiological survey of pathogenic Leptospira in rodents is important for the prevention and control of leptospirosis. In this study, a total of 964 rodents were captured from six cities in Hubei Province, and two pathogenic Leptospira species (L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii) were detected using nested PCR with an overall prevalence of 4.8%. L. interrogans was distributed in five sampling sites, which may be the dominant species of pathogenic Leptospira in Hubei Province. In addition, Rattus norvegicus showed a relatively high infection rate, which may play an important role in the transmission and infection of pathogenic Leptospira. This study reveals the prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira in wild rodents in Hubei Province, suggesting that the risk of leptospirosis infection in Hubei Province still exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chaorui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lingxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 6 Zuodaoquan Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- Division of Virology, Wuhan Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 288 Machang Road, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Yuting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yirong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 6 Zuodaoquan Road, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
| | - Liangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Laboratory Medicine/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (L.C.); (W.H.)
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Li D, Liang H, Yi R, Xiao Q, Zhu Y, Chang Q, Zhou L, Liu B, He J, Liu T, Fan Z, Cheng W, Wang W, Zhang Y, Pan P. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patient with leptospirosis: A multicenter retrospective analysis in south of China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1014530. [PMID: 36325463 PMCID: PMC9618720 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1014530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. However, there is currently no consensual definition or diagnostic criteria for severe and different forms of leptospirosis. Therefore, more insight on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and outcomes of leptospirosis is warranted. The identification of leptospirosis with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis in our population. Methods Multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical classification on principal components were presented to identify different clinical types of leptospirosis. The outcomes were clinical phenotypes, laboratory and imaging findings, and prognosis. Results The 95 enrolled patients had median values of 54.0 years (39.0-65.0) for age, 9.0 (7.0-14.0) for total hospital stay lengths, of whom 86.3% was male and 40.0% was transferred to ICU. Three clinical types were distinguished: mild leptospirosis (n=43, 45.3%) with less organ dysfunction and shorter hospital stays; respiratory leptospirosis (n=28, 29.5%) with hemoptysis, and respiratory and circulatory failure; and hepato-renal leptospirosis (n=24, 25.3%) with worst liver and kidney dysfunction. Total hospital mortality was 15.8% and was associated with dyspnea and high levels of neutrophil counts. Conclusions The identification of leptospirosis with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis in our population may assist clinicians to distinguish leptospirosis-like disease. Moreover, dyspnea and neutrophil count were found to be independent risk factors for severe leptospirosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qinyu Chang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Junjun He
- Department of General Surgery, Shaoyang Central Hospital, Shaoyang, China
| | - Tianxing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yongzhou Central Hospital, Yongzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Fan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liuyang People’s Hospital, Liuyang, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pinhua Pan, ; Yan Zhang,
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Pinhua Pan, ; Yan Zhang,
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Shi J, Wu W, Wu K, Ni C, He G, Zheng S, Cheng F, Yi Y, Ren R, Jiang X. The diagnosis of leptospirosis complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis complemented by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:922996. [PMID: 36268227 PMCID: PMC9577070 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.922996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the pathogenic Leptospira. Leptospirosis is transmitted mainly through contact with contaminated rivers, lakes, or animals carrying Leptospira. Human leptospirosis has a wide range of non-specific clinical manifestations ranging from fever, hypotension, and myalgia to multi-organ dysfunction, which severely hampers the timely clinical diagnosis and treatment of leptospirosis. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for an efficient strategy/method that can be used for the accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis, especially in critically ill patients. Here, we report a case of a 75-year-old male patient with clinical presentation of fever, cough, and diarrhea. Initial laboratory tests and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest suggested only tuberculosis. The patient was finally diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) combined with leptospirosis by sputum Xpert MTB RIF, epidemiological investigations, and delayed serological testing. Furthermore, through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, plasma and sputum, the causative pathogens were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Leptospira spp. With specific treatment for both leptospirosis and tuberculosis, and associated supportive care (e.g., hemodialysis), the patient showed a good prognosis. This case report suggests that mNGS can generate a useful complement to conventional pathogenic diagnostic methods through more detailed etiological screening (i.e., at the level of species or species complex).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichan Shi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Institute of Innovative Applications, MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Institute of Innovative Applications, MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaorong Ni
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guiqing He
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shilin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Yi
- Institute of Innovative Applications, MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- Institute of Innovative Applications, MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
- Foshan Branch, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruotong Ren, ; Xiangao Jiang,
| | - Xiangao Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruotong Ren, ; Xiangao Jiang,
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Li JM, Li LM, Shi JF, Li T, Wang Q, Ma QX, Zheng W, Feng HF, Liu F, Du R. Prevalence of Leptospira in murine in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:944282. [PMID: 36246331 PMCID: PMC9557099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.944282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria from the genus Leptospira. The disease is widely distributed throughout China, causing harm to human and animal health. Murine may naturally carry a variety of pathogenic Leptospira, thus being important sources of infection by humans and livestock. The aim of this study was to assess and analyse the prevalence of Leptospira and its risk factors in murine. We collected 46 publications published between inception and 2022 through China Knowledge Network (CNKI), VIP Chinese Journal Database, Wanfang Database, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. In these studies, a total of 54,051 murine in 5 regions of China were investigated, and the prevalence of leptospirosis ranged from 1.11 to 35.29%. The prevalence of murine leptospirosis in south China was the highest, at 20.13%, and the lowest in northeast China, at 1.11% (P < 0.05). The prevalence of leptospirosis in male murine was 21.38%, which was significantly higher than that in females (17.07%; P < 0.05). Results according to detection method subgroup showed that the prevalence from serological testing was 15.94%, which was significantly higher than that of etiology and molecular biology methods (P < 0.01). In the sample subgroup, the positive rate of serum samples was 15.30%, which was significantly higher than that of tissue samples, at 7.97%. In addition, the influence of different geographical factors on prevalence was analyzed, indicating that the Yangtze River Basin was a high-incidence area for leptospirosis. The study showed that Leptospira were ubiquitous throughout the country, and factors such as environment, temperature and landform affect the murine distribution and their bacteria carrying rate. We suggest strengthening the continuous monitoring of leptospirosis and taking effective and comprehensive measures such as reducing water contact, vaccinating in high-incidence seasons, and avoiding human contamination caused by water pollution and contact with infected murine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lian-Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai-Feng Feng
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Shao JW, Wei YH, Yao XY, Chen HY, Liu H, Sun J, Chen SY. Pathogenic Leptospira Species Are Widely Disseminated among Wild Rodents in Urban Areas of Guangzhou, Southern China. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050873. [PMID: 35630318 PMCID: PMC9147055 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease with global importance caused by pathogenic Leptospira. Rodents are considered the most significant reservoirs for both human and animal infection. Historically, Guangzhou has been an endemic region of human leptospirosis. Although the incidence in humans has significantly decreased in the past decades in China, the epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira in wild rodents is of great significance for the prevention and control of human leptospirosis. In this study, a total of 296 wild rodents were trapped in urban areas of Guangzhou, in southern China, in 2020. Three pathogenic Leptospira species, i.e., Leptospira interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, and L. kirschneri, were detected by nested PCR in this wild rodent population with an overall prevalence of 9.5%. Additionally, L. interrogans was detected in three of the four captured rodent species, and the relative high prevalence suggests that L. interrogans probably represents the preponderant species of the pathogenic Leptospira circulating in Guangzhou. Taken together, this study reveals a high genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira disseminated among wild rodents in the urban areas of Guangzhou and emphasizes that the risk for the occurrence of human leptospirosis in Guangzhou remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (J.-W.S.); (X.-Y.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Yue-Hong Wei
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.-H.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Xin-Yan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (J.-W.S.); (X.-Y.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.-H.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (J.-W.S.); (X.-Y.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (J.-W.S.); (X.-Y.Y.); (H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Department of Parasitic Disease and Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.-H.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Correspondence:
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Ukhovskyi V, Pyskun A, Korniienko L, Aliekseieva H, Moroz O, Pyskun O, Kyivska G, Mezhenskyi A. Serological prevalence of Leptospira serovars among pigs in Ukraine during the period of 2001-2019. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:13-27. [PMID: 39169955 PMCID: PMC11334960 DOI: 10.17221/50/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread infection among pigs throughout the world. In most cases in Ukraine, only the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is used for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in animals. In general, during the period of 2001-2019, 2 381 163 samples of blood sera from swine were tested in our country and 85 338 positive reactions were received, which is 3.58% [binomial confidence intervals (BCI), 3.56-3.61%]. It was established that the serovars copenhageni - 33.91% (BCI, 33.59-34.23%), bratislava - 14.14% (BCI, 13.90-14.37%), pomona - 8.58% (BCI, 8.39-8.77%), and tarassovi - 7.12% (BCI, 6.95-7.30%) play a leading role in the aetiological structure of swine leptospirosis. A large number of positive reactions to several serovars was observed - 29.78% (BCI, 29.47-30.09%) of the total number of positive cases. In addition, the article presents data according to a retrospective analysis of the eight serovars circulating among pigs in Ukraine. Thus, during the nineteen year period, there was a decrease in the number of positive reactions to bratislava, pomona, and tarassovi and an increase in the number of positive reactions to copenhageni, polonica, and kabura. Mapping Ukraine's territory for leptospirosis among pigs was carried out. This allows one to identify zones with a risk of leptospirosis infections among swine. The maps show that the highest incidence rates were identified in the eastern and central parts of Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Ukhovskyi
- Department of Epizootology, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Pyskun
- Department of Immunological Research, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Korniienko
- Department of Epizootology, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Aliekseieva
- Department of Immunological Research, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Moroz
- Department of Epizootology, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Pyskun
- Department of Organization of Scientific and International Work, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ganna Kyivska
- Department of Organization of Scientific and International Work, State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Mezhenskyi
- State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostic and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Diz FA, Conceição GMDS. Human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, SP, Brazil: distribution and trend according to sociodemographic factors, 2007-2016. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2021; 24:e210034. [PMID: 34105597 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the incidence and proportional lethality of human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2016, according to sociodemographic factors and characteristics of the disease, and to assess the temporal trends of incidence, according to age group and region of residence. METHODS Proportional distributions of leptospirosis cases of residents in the municipality were built and regression models with a Binomial Negative response were adjusted. RESULTS 2,201 cases of leptospirosis were registered, most of them being males (82%), aged between 20 to 59 years (64.6%), white (39%) or brown (32.8%), residing in the South (27.8%), East (23.8%) and North (18.5%) regions. The overall lethality was 15.1%. The risk was higher in the 20 to 59 age group. There was a downward trend in incidence in all age groups and regions, estimated at 5.6% per year. CONCLUSIONS Despite the downward trend in incidence, leptospirosis is a serious disease with high lethality, affecting mainly male individuals in the age groups considered economically active and living in the peripheral regions of the municipality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Aparecida Diz
- Center for Vector-borne Diseases and Zoonoses, Epidemiological Surveillance Division, Health Surveillance Coordination, Municipal Health Secretariat - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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