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Brown TL, Morgan ER. Helminth Prevalence in European Deer with a Focus on Abomasal Nematodes and the Influence of Livestock Pasture Contact: A Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38787230 PMCID: PMC11123710 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deer are susceptible to infection with parasitic helminths, including species which are of increasing economic concern to the livestock industry due to anthelmintic drug resistance. This paper systematically collates helminth prevalence data from deer across Europe and explores patterns in relation to host and parasite species, as well as landscape factors. A livestock pasture contact index (LPCI) is developed to predict epidemiological overlap between deer and livestock, and hence to examine deer helminth fauna in the context of their surrounding environment. Fifty-eight studies comprising fallow (Dama dama), red (Cervus elaphus), roe (Capreolus capreolus) and sika (Cervus nippon) deer were identified. Deer populations in "likely" contact with livestock pasture had a higher mean prevalence of the abomasal nematodes Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei (p = 0.01), which are common in livestock and not primarily associated with deer. Roe deer populations had a higher prevalence of T. circumcincta (p = 0.02) and T. axei (p = 0.01) than fallow deer and a higher prevalence of H. contortus than both red (p = 0.01) and fallow deer (p = 0.02). Liver fluke and lungworm species were present sporadically at low prevalence, while the abomasal nematode Ashworthius sidemi occurred locally at high prevalence. Insights from this research suggest that deer helminth fauna is reflective of their surrounding environment, including the livestock species which inhabit areas of shared grazing. This is explored from an epidemiological perspective, and the prospect of helminth transmission between wild and domestic hosts is discussed, including drug-resistant strains, alongside the role of helminths as indicators relevant to the transmission of other pathogens at the wildlife-livestock interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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2
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Alba A, Grech-Angelini S, Vázquez A, Alda P, Blin Q, Lemmonier L, Chauvin A, Chartier C, Douchet P, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Rey O, Foata J, Boissier J, Quilichini Y. Fasciolosis in the Mediterranean island of Corsica (France): Insights from epidemiological and malacological investigations. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2023; 30:e00188. [PMID: 36718346 PMCID: PMC9883184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a re-emergent parasitic disease of worldwide significance with a major global impact on livestock health and production. In the French Mediterranean island of Corsica, fasciolosis has been recognized for a long time but little is known about its dynamic as the main investigations are outdated. Three compartments - definitive domestic hosts, intermediate hosts and environment - involved in fasciolosis transmission were studied by applying an integrative and extensive approach: (1) farm and abattoir surveys, (2) snail sampling, identification and infection prospection, and (3) snail habitat analysis; and (4) a questionnaire-based survey to inquire about husbandry practices and environmental risks. Our results indicate a significant circulation of the liver flukes in Corsican livestock, with 90% (252/279) of the sampled farms testing positive for anti-F. hepatica antibodies. At the abattoir, 46% (67/149) of cattle were positive for F. hepatica antibodies and eggs were present in the bile of 19% (26/139) bovines. In addition, high prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (69%) was observed in slaughtered cattle. Malacological surveys registered the occurrence of several lymnaeid species in a variety of habitats throughout the island. In particular, we report for the first time the presence of the invasive lymnaeid snail Pseudosuccinea columella in Corsica, a potential intermediate host for F. hepatica. We also found that the presence of Galba truncatula and, to a lesser extent, that of Peregriana peregra, is associated with altitude. Fasciola hepatica DNA was detected in the latter species occurring at two different sites. Finally, a questionnaire-based study revealed risky management practices among Corsican farmers, low perception of transmission and a suboptimal use of flukicide treatments as main control strategy. Our results show that animal fasciolosis in Corsica is characterised by a significant circulation and a favourable epidemiological scenario for transmission to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Alba
- Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France,Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”, La Habana, Cuba,Corresponding author at: Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France.
| | | | - A.A. Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Pedro Kourí”, La Habana, Cuba,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Alda
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France,Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS–CCT–CONICET Bahía Blanca), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Q. Blin
- Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France
| | - L. Lemmonier
- Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France
| | | | | | - P. Douchet
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - S. Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France,CREES, Montpellier, France,Département de Biologie-Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - O. Rey
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - J. Foata
- Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France
| | - J. Boissier
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Y. Quilichini
- Laboratoire de Sciences Pour l'Environnement, UMR 6134, CNRS, Université de Corse Pasquale Paoli, Corte, Corse, France
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Becerro-Recio D, Serrat J, López-García M, Molina-Hernández V, Pérez-Arévalo J, Martínez-Moreno Á, Sotillo J, Simón F, González-Miguel J, Siles-Lucas M. Study of the migration of Fasciola hepatica juveniles across the intestinal barrier of the host by quantitative proteomics in an ex vivo model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010766. [PMID: 36112664 PMCID: PMC9518905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite that infects animals and humans causing fasciolosis, a worldwide-distributed disease responsible for important economic losses and health problems. This disease is of growing public health concern since parasite isolates resistant to the current treatment (triclabendazole) have increasingly been described. F. hepatica infects its vertebrate host after ingestion of the encysted parasite (metacercariae), which are found in the water or attached to plants. Upon ingestion, newly excysted juveniles of F. hepatica (FhNEJ) emerge in the intestinal lumen and cross the intestinal barrier, reach the peritoneum and migrate to the biliary ducts, where adult worms fully develop. Despite the efforts made to develop new therapeutic and preventive tools, to date, protection against F. hepatica obtained in different animal models is far from optimal. Early events of host-FhNEJ interactions are of paramount importance for the infection progress in fasciolosis, especially those occurring at the host-parasite interface. Nevertheless, studies of FhNEJ responses to the changing host environment encountered during migration across host tissues are still scarce. Here, we set-up an ex vivo model coupled with quantitative SWATH-MS proteomics to study early host-parasite interaction events in fasciolosis. After comparing tegument and somatic fractions from control parasites and FhNEJ that managed to cross a mouse intestinal section ex vivo, a set of parasite proteins whose expression was statistically different were found. These included upregulation of cathepsins L3 and L4, proteolytic inhibitor Fh serpin 2, and a number of molecules linked with nutrient uptake and metabolism, including histone H4, H2A and H2B, low density lipoprotein receptor, tetraspanin, fatty acid binding protein a and glutathione-S-transferase. Downregulated proteins in FhNEJ after gut passage were more numerous than the upregulated ones, and included the heath shock proteins HSP90 and alpha crystallin, amongst others. This study brings new insights into early host-parasite interactions in fasciolosis and sheds light on the proteomic changes in FhNEJ triggered upon excystment and intestinal wall crossing, which could serve to define new targets for the prevention and treatment of this widespread parasitic disease. Fasciolosis caused by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica is a serious health and economic problem worldwide. Treatment and prevention of this disease pose several drawbacks that have so far not been solved. The definition of suitable parasite molecular targets to overcome such drawbacks should be based on thoroughly deciphering host-parasite interactions, and in this regard most studies have focused on the adult stages of F. hepatica. Nevertheless, in this context, the study of the transient juvenile stages of this parasite could be of higher utility due to the importance of early interactions with the host for parasite migration and the successful establishment of infection. In this work, we set-up an ex vivo model and performed a quantitative proteomics approach to study the changes in F. hepatica juveniles upon gut passage. We found that the parasite tegument and somatic compartments experienced deep changes in their composition and showed that the host triggers the expression of specific molecules that are important for parasite migration and survival at this stage. The molecules described here could serve to better understand host-parasite interactions and to define new targets against fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becerro-Recio
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Judit Serrat
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta López-García
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Verónica Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Pérez-Arévalo
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Moreno
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Javier González-Miguel
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Centre of One Health (COH), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mar Siles-Lucas
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Vázquez AA, Alba A, Alda P, Vittecoq M, Hurtrez-Boussès S. On the arrival of fasciolosis in the Americas. Trends Parasitol 2021; 38:195-204. [PMID: 34952798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a worldwide emerging and re-emerging parasite heavily affecting several regions in South America. Some lymnaeid snail species of American origin are among the major hosts of F. hepatica worldwide. Recent paleoparasitological findings detected its DNA in a 2300-year-old sample in Patagonia, countering the common hypothesis of the recent arrival of F. hepatica in the Americas during European colonization. Thus, the theory of an initial introduction in the 1500s can no longer be sustained. This article discusses how it was possible for F. hepatica to reach and spread in the Americas in relation to the availability and compatibility of hosts through natural and incidental introductions. Our study will serve to better understand the ongoing Neotropical scenario of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A Vázquez
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Laboratorio de Malacología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí', La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Annia Alba
- Laboratorio de Malacología, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Pedro Kourí', La Habana, Cuba
| | - Pilar Alda
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS-CCT-CONICET Bahía Blanca), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France; CREES, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France; CREES, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie-Écologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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5
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Alba A, Vazquez AA, Hurtrez-Boussès S. Towards the comprehension of fasciolosis (re-)emergence: an integrative overview. Parasitology 2021; 148:385-407. [PMID: 33261674 PMCID: PMC11010171 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing distribution and prevalence of fasciolosis in both human and livestock are concerning. Here, we examine the various types of factors influencing fasciolosis transmission and burden and the interrelations that may exist between them. We present the arsenal of molecules, 'adjusting' capabilities and parasitic strategies of Fasciola to infect. Such features define the high adaptability of Fasciola species for parasitism that facilitate their transmission. We discuss current environmental perturbations (increase of livestock and land use, climate change, introduction of alien species and biodiversity loss) in relation to fasciolosis dynamics. As Fasciola infection is directly and ultimately linked to livestock management, living conditions and cultural habits, which are also changing under the pressure of globalization and climate change, the social component of transmission is also discussed. Lastly, we examine the implication of increasing scientific and political awareness in highlighting the current circulation of fasciolosis and boosting epidemiological surveys and novel diagnostic techniques. From a joint perspective, it becomes clear that factors weight differently at each place and moment, depending on the biological, environmental, social and political interrelating contexts. Therefore, the analyses of a disease as complex as fasciolosis should be as integrative as possible to dissect the realities featuring each epidemiological scenario. Such a comprehensive appraisal is presented in this review and constitutes its main asset to serve as a fresh integrative understanding of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Alba
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
| | - Antonio A. Vazquez
- Centro de Investigaciones, Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Pedro Kourí’, Havana, Cuba
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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