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Montoya AL, Gil ER, Vinales I, Estevao IL, Taboada P, Torrico MC, Torrico F, Marco JD, Almeida IC, Michael K. Big is not better: Comparing two alpha-Gal-bearing glycotopes in neoglycoproteins as biomarkers for Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109015. [PMID: 38198982 PMCID: PMC11366264 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is among Latin America's most widespread Leishmania species and is responsible for tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). This disease has multiple clinical presentations, with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) being the most frequent. It manifests as one or a few localized skin ulcers, which can spread to other body areas. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment, typically with pentavalent antimonials, is critical. Traditional diagnostic methods, like parasite culture, microscopy, or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the parasite DNA, have limitations due to the uneven distribution of parasites in biopsy samples. Nonetheless, studies have revealed high levels of parasite-specific anti-α-Gal antibodies in L. (V.) braziliensis-infected patients. Previously, we demonstrated that the neoglycoprotein NGP28b, consisting of the L. (Leishmania) major type-2 glycoinositolphospholipid (GIPL)-3-derived trisaccharide Galpα1,6Galpα1,3Galfβ conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a linker, acts as a reliable serological biomarker (BMK) for L. (V.) braziliensis infection in Brazil. This indicates the presence of GIPL-3 or a similar structure in this parasite, and its terminal trisaccharide either functions as or is part of an immunodominant glycotope. Here, we explored whether extending the trisaccharide with a mannose unit would enhance its efficacy as a biomarker for the serological detection of L. (V.) braziliensis. We synthesized the tetrasaccharide Galpα1,6Galpα1,3Galfβ1,3Manpα(CH2)3SH (G31SH) and conjugated it to maleimide-functionalized BSA to afford NGP31b. When we assessed the efficacy of NGP28b and NGP31b by chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on a cohort of CL patients with L. (V.) braziliensis infection from Bolivia and Argentina against a healthy control group, both NGPs exhibited similar or identical sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. This finding implies that the mannose moiety at the reducing end is not part of the glycotope recognized by the parasite-specific anti-α-Gal antibodies in patients' sera, nor does it exert a relevant influence on the terminal trisaccharide's conformation. Moreover, the mannose does not seem to inhibit glycan-antibody interactions. Therefore, NGP31b is a viable and dependable BMK for the serodiagnosis of CL caused by L. (V.) braziliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba L Montoya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Eileni R Gil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Irodiel Vinales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Igor L Estevao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Paola Taboada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Mary Cruz Torrico
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Faculty of Medicine, and Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Faustino Torrico
- Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Faculty of Medicine, and Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Igor C Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Katja Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Filgueira CPB, Pitta-Pereira D, Cantanhêde LM, Ferreira GEM, Dos Reis S, Cupolillo E, Moreira OC, Britto C, Boité MC. HRM Accuracy and Limitations as a Species Typing Tool for Leishmania Parasites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14784. [PMID: 37834232 PMCID: PMC10573552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRM) has been pointed out as a suitable alternative method to detect and identify Leishmania species. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and limitations of a HSP70-HRM protocol both as a diagnostic scheme applied in clinical samples and as a species typing tool for laboratory research and reference services. Our data reveal the pronounced species-typing potential of the HSP70-HRM in DNA from cultured parasites. For clinical samples, however, we advise caution due to parasite load-dependent accuracy. In light of these findings and considering the importance of parasite load determination for clinical and research purposes, we recommend the integration of the presented typing scheme and the previously published Leishmania quantifying approach as combined tools for clinicians, surveillance, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Patricio Braga Filgueira
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniela Pitta-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, Sala 209, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (D.P.-P.); (C.B.)
| | - Lilian Motta Cantanhêde
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
- Laboratório de EpiGenética, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil; (G.E.M.F.); (S.D.R.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho 76812-100, Brazil
| | | | - Sayonara Dos Reis
- Laboratório de EpiGenética, Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho 76812-245, Brazil; (G.E.M.F.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Elisa Cupolillo
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental, INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho 76812-100, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Parasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, Sala 209, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; (D.P.-P.); (C.B.)
| | - Mariana Côrtes Boité
- Leishmaniasis Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.P.B.F.); (L.M.C.); (E.C.)
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