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Liu M, Chen YY, Twu NC, Wu MC, Fang ZS, Dubruel A, Chang SC, Wu CF, Lo DY, Chen HW. A novel goose-origin Tembusu virus exhibits pathogenicity in day-old chicks with evidence of direct contact transmission. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103332. [PMID: 38128459 PMCID: PMC10776645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In late 2020, an outbreak of Tembusu virus (TMUV)-associated disease occurred in a 45-day-old white Roman geese flock in Taiwan. Here, we present the identification and isolation of a novel goose-origin TMUV strain designated as NTU/C225/2020. The virus was successfully isolated using minimal-pathogen-free duck embryos. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein gene showed that NTU/C225/2020 clustered together with the earliest isolates from Malaysia and was most closely related to the first Taiwanese TMUV strain, TP1906. Genomic analysis revealed significant amino acid variations among TMUV isolates in NS1 and NS2A protein regions. In the present study, we characterized the NTU/C225/2020 culture in duck embryos, chicken embryos, primary duck embryonated fibroblasts, and DF-1 cells. All host systems were susceptible to NTU/C225/2020 infection, with observable lesions. In addition, animal experiments showed that the intramuscular inoculation of NTU/C225/2020 resulted in growth retardation and hyperthermia in day-old chicks. Gross lesions in the infected chicks included hepatomegaly, hyperemic thymus, and splenomegaly. Viral loads and histopathological damage were displayed in various tissues of both inoculated and naïve co-housed chicks, confirming the direct chick-to-chick contact transmission of TMUV. This is the first in vivo study of a local TMUV strain in Taiwan. Our findings provide essential information for TMUV propagation and suggest a potential risk of disease outbreak in chicken populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Chieh Twu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syun Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre Dubruel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Dan-Yuan Lo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Animal Resource Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yang Q, Ding Y, Yao W, Chen S, Jiang Y, Yang L, Bao G, Yang K, Fan S, Du Q, Wang Q, Wang G. Pathogenicity and Interspecies Transmission of Cluster 3 Tembusu Virus Strain TMUV HQ-22 Isolated from Geese. Viruses 2023; 15:2449. [PMID: 38140690 PMCID: PMC10747935 DOI: 10.3390/v15122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2010, the Tembusu virus (TMUV) has been highly prevalent in China, causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry. In 2022, a suspected outbreak of TMUV occurred at a goose farm located in Anhui Province. A strain of TMUV, TMUV HQ-22, was isolated from the infected geese. Phylogenetic analysis using the E gene of the HQ-22 strain demonstrated its affiliation with cluster 3, a less commonly reported cluster in comparison to the main circulating cluster, cluster 2. Through a comparison of the envelope (E) protein of HQ-22 with other typical TMUV strains, a mutation at the 157th amino acid position was identified, wherein valine (V) in cluster 3 changed to alanine (A), a characteristic that is unique to cluster 2. These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the TMUV strains circulating in China. In our experimental analysis, an injection of TMUV HQ-22 into the muscles of 3-day-old goslings resulted in severe neurological symptoms and a mortality rate of 60%. Similarly, the intracranial or intranasal infection of 3-week-old ICR mice with TMUV HQ-22 led to severe neurological symptoms and respective mortality rates of 100% or 10%. In summary, our study isolated a TMUV strain, TMUV HQ-22, from geese that belongs to cluster 3 and exhibits significant pathogenicity in both goslings and ICR mice. These results emphasize the genetic diversity of the TMUV circulating in China and expand the host range beyond mosquitoes to include ducks, chickens, geese, and even mice. It is crucial to not underestimate the risk of TMUV infection in mammals, warranting our utmost attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yingying Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Weiping Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shuyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Yaqian Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Linping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Guangbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Kang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Shinuo Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.D.); (W.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (L.Y.); (G.B.); (K.Y.); (S.F.); (Q.D.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei 230036, China
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Detection and Characterization of Goose Astrovirus Infections in Hatcheries and Commercial Goose Flocks. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1127544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Goose astrovirus (GoAstV) has frequently been isolated in China since it was first identified as the etiological agent of visceral gout in goslings in 2017. However, the actual prevalence of GoAstV infection and its economic impact on commercial goose production remain poorly characterized. Here, virus detection and serological testing were conducted to determine the extent of GoAstV infection in commercial goose flocks. We detected GoAstV RNA in 2% (6/300) of dead-in-shell embryos and day-old hatched goslings by RT-PCR, indicating vertical transmission under natural conditions. Using a virus neutralization test, GoAstV antibodies were detected in 41.7%–61.1% of serum samples from four commercial goose flocks, indicating that infections were common. To determine the virus types circulating in the commercial flocks, we isolated 15 GoAstVs from goose tissue samples from farms located in five provinces during 2018–2022. Genomic sequence analysis showed that all sequences were corresponded to GoAstV group 2 (GoAstV-2) but were assigned into three capsid subgroups based on sequence variations in the capsid protein. Representative isolates of capsid subgroups were also antigenically evaluated using cross-neutralization tests in LMH cell cultures. The antigenic relatedness values (R) calculated using the Horsfall formula were between 62% and 86%, indicating that no significant antigenic differences exist between the isolates. Our findings indicate that GoAstV-2 viruses are an important cause of fatal gout in goose flocks, as well as hatchery contamination in China.
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Tian F, He J, Shang S, Chen Z, Tang Y, Lu M, Huang C, Guo X, Tong Y. Survey of mosquito species and mosquito-borne viruses in residential areas along the Sino-Vietnam border in Yunnan Province in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105786. [PMID: 36910188 PMCID: PMC9996012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are capable of carrying complex pathogens, and their feeding habits on the mammalian blood can easily mediate the spread of viruses. Surveillance of mosquito-based arbovirus enables the early prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviral diseases. The climate and geography of Yunnan Province in China are ideal for mosquitoes. Yunnan shares borders with several other countries; therefore, there exists a high risk of international transmission of mosquito-mediated infectious diseases. Previous studies have focused more on the Sino-Laos and Sino-Myanmar borders. Therefore, we focused on the neighborhoods of Malipo and Funing counties in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, which are located along the Sino-Vietnam border, to investigate the species of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the residential areas of this region. This study collected 10,800 mosquitoes from 29 species of 8 genera and grouped to isolate mosquito-borne viruses. In total, 62 isolates were isolated and classified into 11 viral categories. We demonstrated a new distribution of mosquito-borne viruses among mosquitoes in border areas, including Tembusu and Getah viruses, which can cause animal outbreaks. In addition, Dak Nong and Sarawak viruses originating from Vietnam and Malaysia, respectively, were identified for the first time in China, highlighting the complexity of mosquito-borne viruses in the Sino-Vietnam border region. The awareness of the importance of viral surveillance and prevention measures in border areas should be further encouraged to prevent future outbreaks of potentially infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jimin He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shanlin Shang
- Malipo County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshanzhou, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- Malipo County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshanzhou, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Tang
- Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshanzhou, Yunnan, China
| | - Man Lu
- Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshanzhou, Yunnan, China
| | - Changzhi Huang
- Funing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenshanzhou, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vector-borne Disease Control and Research, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Control, Puer, Yunnan, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Hu Z, Dong J, Li L, Zhang J, Kuang R, Gao S, Sun M, Liao M. Chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 Tembusu virus exhibits higher infectivity than duck-origin Cluster 2 Tembusu virus in chicks. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1152802. [PMID: 37035806 PMCID: PMC10080150 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a chicken-origin Cluster 3 Tembusu virus (TMUV) caused outbreaks of a disease characterized by egg-drop syndrome in laying hens in China. In the present study, a TMUV strain, TMUV-GX, was isolated from tissue samples of laying hens with egg drop syndrome in south China. Phylogenetic analysis grouped TMUV-GX into TMUV Cluster 3.2, which was distinct from the prevalent TMUV Cluster 2 in duck flocks. To study the infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-GX in chickens and ducks, 7 day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks and SPF ducklings were infected with the same dose of the TMUV-GX. As a comparison, the duck-origin Cluster 2 strain, TMUV-JM, infection groups were set up in chicks and ducklings. Compared with the low infectivity and pathogenicity of TMUV-JM in chicks, the chicken-origin TMUV-GX displayed high replication competence in multiple tissues and caused tissues histopathological damage. In addition, the replication competence of TMUV-GX in ducklings was comparable to that of TMUV-JM. Our study revealed chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV exhibits high infectivity in chicks and ducklings, and suggested that chicken-origin Cluster 3.2 TMUV possesses a biological basis for widespread infection of chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Huang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihuan Kuang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Shimin Gao
| | - Minhua Sun
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Minhua Sun
| | - Ming Liao
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Liao
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The Evolution, Genomic Epidemiology, and Transmission Dynamics of Tembusu Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061236. [PMID: 35746707 PMCID: PMC9227414 DOI: 10.3390/v14061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) can induce severe egg drop syndrome in ducks, causing significant economic losses. In this study, the possible origin, genomic epidemiology, and transmission dynamics of TMUV were determined. The time to the most recent common ancestor of TMUV was found to be 1924, earlier than that previously reported. The effective population size of TMUV increased rapidly from 2010 to 2013 and was associated with the diversification of different TMUV clusters. TMUV was classified into three clusters (clusters 1, 2, and 3) based on the envelope (E) protein. Subcluster 2.2, within cluster 2, is the most prevalent, and the occurrence of these mutations is accompanied by changes in the virulence and infectivity of the virus. Two positive selections on codons located in the NS3 and NS5 genes (591 of NS3 and 883 of NS5) were identified, which might have caused changes in the ability of the virus to replicate. Based on phylogeographic analysis, Malaysia was the most likely country of origin for TMUV, while Shandong Province was the earliest province of origin in China. This study has important implications for understanding TMUV and provides suggestions for its prevention and control.
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Wu Z, Hu T, Chen W, Cheng Y, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Mao S, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. The G92 NS2B mutant of Tembusu virus is involved in severe defects in progeny virus assembly. Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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