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Swami V, Todd J, Lazarescu G, Bucur V, Vintilă M. Translation and validation of a Romanian version of the Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS). Body Image 2024; 49:101720. [PMID: 38759446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The 9-item Breast Appreciation Scale (BrAS; Swami et al., 2022) is a recently developed instrument that assesses a woman's positive breasted experiences. To date, however, the psychometric properties of the BrAS have only been investigated in English-speaking women. Here, we report on the translation and validation of a novel, Romanian version of the BrAS. A total of 555 cisgender women from Romania completed a Romanian translation of the BrAS along with additional measures of body image and psychological well-being. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified a stable unidimensional model of the BrAS, with all nine items retained. Additionally, the Romanian BrAS evidenced complete invariance (i.e., through to latent mean invariance) across mothers and non-mothers, though mothers had higher observed scores than non-mothers. Evidence of convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity was very strong when based on observed BrAS scores, but slightly weaker when based on latent BrAS scores. In particular, greater latent breast appreciation was significantly associated with higher body appreciation, lower breast size dissatisfaction, and higher self-esteem. Overall, these results suggest that the psychometric properties of the Romanian BrAS are robust and that the instrument can be effectively deployed in this linguistic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology, Sport and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology, Sport and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gianina Lazarescu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Venera Bucur
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mona Vintilă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
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Haworth L, Aitkenhead R, Grecic D, Chohan A. Understanding experience, knowledge and perceived challenges related to bra fit for sports participation: a scoping review. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:302-315. [PMID: 35856556 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The breasts are reported as the fourth largest barrier to participation in physical activity (PA). This scoping review provides a comprehensive understanding of experiences, knowledge and challenges relating to bra fit and sports participation. The search strategy was adopted by the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and multiple databases were searched. All research was in English and within the last 20 years. Exclusion criteria excluded reviews, male participants and the inability to locate or access full-text articles. The JBI critical appraisal tool assessed methodological quality. Twenty-three studies were included. Key themes from the studies are breast motion during PA, sports bra design, perceived barriers to participation in PA and education/knowledge of breast support and bra fit. Increasing breast support reduces breast movement during PA yet breast motion and bra fit are still the most common breast concerns for females. This is likely influenced by poor breast knowledge, leading to poor breast support choices. Future research should explore to what extent breast motion, knowledge and bra fit influences sport participation, and this research should include a more diverse range of adult ages, cup sizes, ethnicities and PA levels to provide a wider understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Haworth
- Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Research Centre for Applied Sport Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Robyn Aitkenhead
- Research Centre for Applied Sport Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - David Grecic
- Research Centre for Applied Sport Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Ambreen Chohan
- Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
- Research Centre for Applied Sport Physical Activity and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Li R, Zhang LX, Tian C, Ma LK, Li Y. Successful management of a breastfeeding mother with severe eczema of the nipple beginning from puberty: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:10155-10161. [PMID: 36246829 PMCID: PMC9561575 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nipple eczema is the most common presentation of atopic dermatitis of the breast, which seriously influences breastfeeding of mothers. We here present a case of severe nipple eczema that started in puberty and received continuous care and interventions during pregnancy. The patient succeeded in breastfeeding after the interventions.
CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman at 16 wk of gestation (gestation 1 parturition 0), visited the breastfeeding consultation clinic, complaining of excessive nipple secretion, severe itching, and concerns about breastfeeding. She was diagnosed with severe nipple eczema. Health education, consultation with dermatologists, topical medication, psychological support, and postpartum care were carried out. Through continuous interventions, her nipple eczema significantly improved, lactating confidence enhanced, anxiety symptoms were reduced, and exclusive breastfeeding was achieved.
CONCLUSION For lactating women with nipple eczema, breastfeeding consultants should play an important role in patient education and provide whole-process and individual guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ce Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liang-kun Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Carrillo-Álvarez E, Salinas-Roca B, Costa-Tutusaus L, Milà-Villarroel R, Shankar Krishnan N. The Measurement of Food Insecurity in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9829. [PMID: 34574753 PMCID: PMC8468034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of food insecurity is essential to monitor the prevalence, risk factors, consequences and effects of food insecurity and the interventions and policies implemented to tackle it. Yet, how best to apply it remains an unsettled issue due to the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of food insecurity. We report a scoping review of measures of food insecurity at the individual and household level in high-income countries with the final purpose of facilitating a catalogue of instruments to be used by both researchers and practitioners. The scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We included all types of documents published between 2000-2020 using instruments that estimate food insecurity at both individual and household level in high-income countries, and with respondents including adolescents, adults, and elderly. We identified a total of 23 measurement strategies being used in 33 peer-reviewed publications and 114 documents from the grey literature. Our results show that most measures focus on the access dimension of food insecurity and that further research is required to develop measures that incorporate aspects of quality of dietary intake and relevant individual, household and social conditions related to food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carrillo-Álvarez
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-R.); (L.C.-T.); (R.M.-V.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Blanca Salinas-Roca
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-R.); (L.C.-T.); (R.M.-V.); (N.S.K.)
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Montserrat Roig 2, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lluís Costa-Tutusaus
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-R.); (L.C.-T.); (R.M.-V.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Raimon Milà-Villarroel
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-R.); (L.C.-T.); (R.M.-V.); (N.S.K.)
| | - Nithya Shankar Krishnan
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Ramon Llull University, Padilla, 326-332, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (B.S.-R.); (L.C.-T.); (R.M.-V.); (N.S.K.)
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Omrani A, Wakefield-Scurr J, Smith J, Wadey R, Brown N. Breast Education Improves Adolescent Girls' Breast Knowledge, Attitudes to Breasts and Engagement With Positive Breast Habits. Front Public Health 2020; 8:591927. [PMID: 33194996 PMCID: PMC7661432 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.591927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many females experience breast-related issues that are considered to negatively impact health and well-being. These include breast cancer, issues related to incorrect bra fit, and issues related to breast movement including an increased incidence of breast pain, breast sag, and embarrassment, which can be a barrier to physical activity participation. Knowledge and awareness of these breast issues among females is low. Furthermore, these breast concerns are more prevalent in adolescent girls compared to adult females, with 87% of girls reporting ≥ one breast concern. This study evaluated the short- and longer-term impact of a 50 min breast education intervention on adolescent girls' (11 to 14 years) breast knowledge, attitudes to breasts and engagement with positive breast habits. A mixed methods, controlled, longitudinal, cohort design was employed, using two control schools (n: 412; receiving no intervention) and two intervention schools (n: 375; receiving the intervention) from privileged and less privileged areas. Adolescent girls in four schools completed a validated breast survey pre- and immediately post-intervention as well as 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Additionally, in one intervention school, six focus groups were conducted immediately and 4 months after the intervention. The intervention was equally effective in the two intervention schools. Following the intervention, participants in the intervention schools significantly improved their breast knowledge, their attitudes to breasts and their engagement with positive breast habits, compared to participants in the control schools, p < 0.01 (with large effect sizes). These improvements were sustained 6 months post-intervention. Participants described the session as "informative," it made them "feel less embarrassed" about their breasts; they also reported wanting to do more exercise and to change their bra purchasing and bra wearing habits. These novel, positive findings provide insight into the benefits of teaching adolescent girls about breasts from a young age and can be used to inform effective breast education in schools. It is recommended that education on multiple breast topics should be introduced in schools, preferably being first introduced in primary schools, with a modular structure and progressive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Omrani
- Faculty of Sport Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Research Group in Breast Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jenny Smith
- Research Group in Breast Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Wadey
- Faculty of Sport Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Brown
- Faculty of Sport Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Research Group in Breast Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Abstract
More systematic breast biomechanics research and better translation of the research outcomes are necessary to provide information upon which to design better sports bras and to develop effective evidence-based strategies to alleviate exercise-induced breast pain for women who want to participate in physical activity in comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre E McGhee
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Abstract
Girls’ magazines play an important role in female adolescents’ identity and their constructions of femininity. Despite breast development being common to all female adolescents, and breasts being a key signifier of femininity, the representation of breasts in girls’ magazines has not been investigated. A Foucauldian discourse analysis was conducted to understand the ways in which breasts are represented in two popular girls’ magazines ( Teen Vogue and Seventeen). Articles in Seventeen promoted a contradictory and potentially confusing postfeminist discourse, supporting calls for Body Positivity, whilst at the same time framing breasts as problematic and encouraging girls to aspire to an ideal breast. The reader was positioned as a consumer with the purchase and wearing of bras offered as a neoliberal solution to these problems. In contrast, Teen Vogue articles conveyed a feminist informed Body Positivity discourse. Readers were positioned as active feminist advocates, incited to adopt radical, collective, political responses in order to challenge the potentially damaging messages surrounding breast ideals and sexualisation. We argue that consistent feminist messages are needed across and within media to support teenage girls in negotiating their bodies and identities.
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Omrani A, Wakefield-Scurr J, Smith J, Brown N. The Development and Psychometric Properties of A Survey to Assess Breast Knowledge and Attitudes of Adolescent Girls. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2019.1663380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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