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Mancini MV, Murdochy SM, Bilgo E, Ant TH, Gingell D, Gnambani EJ, Failloux AB, Diabate A, Sinkins SP. Wolbachia strain wAlbB shows favourable characteristics for dengue control use in Aedes aegypti from Burkina Faso. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16588. [PMID: 38450576 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Dengue represents an increasing public health burden worldwide. In Africa, underreporting and misdiagnosis often mask its true epidemiology, and dengue is likely to be both more widespread than reported data suggest and increasing in incidence and distribution. Wolbachia-based dengue control is underway in Asia and the Americas but has not to date been deployed in Africa. Due to the genetic heterogeneity of African Aedes aegypti populations and the complexity of the host-symbiont interactions, characterization of key parameters of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes is paramount for determining the potential of the system as a control tool for dengue in Africa. The wAlbB Wolbachia strain was stably introduced into an African Ae. aegypti population by introgression, and showed high intracellular density in whole bodies and different mosquito tissues; high intracellular density was also maintained following larval rearing at high temperatures. No effect on the adult lifespan induced by Wolbachia presence was detected. Moreover, the ability of this strain to strongly inhibit DENV-2 dissemination and transmission in the host was also demonstrated in the African background. Our findings suggest the potential of harnessing Wolbachia for dengue control for African populations of Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Mancini
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Etienne Bilgo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique/Centre Muraz, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas H Ant
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel Gingell
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edounou Jacques Gnambani
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique/Centre Muraz, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique/Centre Muraz, Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Steven P Sinkins
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
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Novelo M, Dutra HLC, Metz HC, Jones MJ, Sigle LT, Frentiu FD, Allen SL, Chenoweth SF, McGraw EA. Dengue and chikungunya virus loads in the mosquito Aedes aegypti are determined by distinct genetic architectures. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011307. [PMID: 37043515 PMCID: PMC10124881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of the arboviruses dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV). These viruses exhibit key differences in their vector interactions, the latter moving more quicky through the mosquito and triggering fewer standard antiviral pathways. As the global footprint of CHIKV continues to expand, we seek to better understand the mosquito's natural response to CHIKV-both to compare it to DENV:vector coevolutionary history and to identify potential targets in the mosquito for genetic modification. We used a modified full-sibling design to estimate the contribution of mosquito genetic variation to viral loads of both DENV and CHIKV. Heritabilities were significant, but higher for DENV (40%) than CHIKV (18%). Interestingly, there was no genetic correlation between DENV and CHIKV loads between siblings. These data suggest Ae. aegypti mosquitoes respond to the two viruses using distinct genetic mechanisms. We also examined genome-wide patterns of gene expression between High and Low CHIKV families representing the phenotypic extremes of viral load. Using RNAseq, we identified only two loci that consistently differentiated High and Low families: a long non-coding RNA that has been identified in mosquito screens post-infection and a distant member of a family of Salivary Gland Specific (SGS) genes. Interestingly, the latter gene is also associated with horizontal gene transfer between mosquitoes and the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. This work is the first to link the SGS gene to a mosquito phenotype. Understanding the molecular details of how this gene contributes to viral control in mosquitoes may, therefore, also shed light on its role in Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novelo
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heverton LC Dutra
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hillery C. Metz
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Jones
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Leah T. Sigle
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott L. Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen F. Chenoweth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. McGraw
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Gaye A, Fall C, Faye O, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Ndiaye EH, Diallo D, de Andrade Zanotto PM, Dia I, Weaver SC, Diallo M. Assessment of the Risk of Exotic Zika Virus Strain Transmission by Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Senegal Compared to a Native Strain. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8020130. [PMID: 36828546 PMCID: PMC9966738 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) shows an enigmatic epidemiological profile in Africa. Despite its frequent detection in mosquitoes, few human cases have been reported. This could be due to the low infectious potential or low virulence of African ZIKV lineages. This study sought to assess the susceptibility of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus to ZIKV strains from Senegal, Brazil, and New Caledonia. Vertical transmission was also investigated. Whole bodies, legs/wings and saliva samples were tested for ZIKV by real-time PCR to estimate infection, dissemination and transmission rates as well as the infection rate in the progeny of infected female A. aegypti. For A. aegypti, the Senegalese strain showed at 15 days post-exposure (dpe) a significantly higher infection rate (52.43%) than the Brazilian (10%) and New Caledonian (0%) strains. The Brazilian and Senegalese strains were disseminated but not detected in saliva. No A. aegypti offspring from females infected with Senegalese and Brazilian ZIKV strains tested positive. No infection was recorded for C. quinquefasciatus. We observed the incompetence of Senegalese A. aegypti to transmit ZIKV and the C. quinquefasciatus were completely refractory. The effect of freezing ZIKV had no significant impact on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Senegal, and vertical transmission was not reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alioune Gaye
- Pole de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +221-776050296; Fax: +221-338399210
| | - Cheikh Fall
- Pole de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
- Pole de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Pole de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- URE Dengue et Arboviroses, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, BP 61, CEDEX, 98845 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - El Hadji Ndiaye
- Pole de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | - Diawo Diallo
- Pole de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | | | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pole de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Pole de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
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Vector Competence of a Coastal Population of Aedes aegypti for Dengue 2 and 3 Virus Serotypes in Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/8402682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, an arboviral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) that exists as four distinct serotypes (DENV 1-4). While all four DENV serotypes circulate in Kenya, differential distribution of the serotypes in specific regions suggests virus transmission may differ among local vector populations. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a coastal Ae. aegypti population (Rabai, Kilifi County) varies in its ability to transmit DENV-2 (predominant) and DENV-3 (less dominant) and that transmission is related to Ae. aegypti subspecies—domestic Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and sylvtic Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf). We orally exposed F1 females (3-10 days old) to blood meals containing DENV-2 (10 5.30 pfu/ml) or DENV-3 (10 5.13 pfu/ml), tested them individually for infection (body), dissemination (legs), and transmission (saliva) at 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (DPI), respectively, and compared the rates between the serotypes. We analyzed cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox-I) sequences among DENV-susceptible and nonsusceptible cohorts. Of 489 mosquitoes tested (DENV-2: 240; DENV-3: 249), we found consistently higher but nonsignificant rates of infection (16% vs. 10%), dissemination (47% (18/38) vs. 35% (9/26)), and transmission (39% (7/18) vs. 11% (1/9)) for DENV-2 than DENV-3. However, DENV-2 exhibited a shorter extrinsic incubation period (EIP) for disseminated infection (7-DPI vs. 14-DPI) and transmission (14-DPI vs. 21-DPI) compared to DENV-3. Two cox-I lineages were recovered in phylogeny, one predominantly clustered with referenced Aaa and a minor lineage grouped with Aaf. Infected mosquitoes and those with disseminated infection were represented in both lineages; those that transmitted the viruses grouped with the Aaa-associated lineage only. We conclude that the coastal Ae. aegypti population is a competent vector for DENV-2 and DENV-3 likely driven by the domestic Aaa that is predominant. The shorter EIP to attain dissemination and transmission for DENV-2 could favour its transmission over DENV-3.
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Christofferson RC, Wearing HJ, Turner EA, Walsh CS, Salje H, Tran-Kiem C, Cauchemez S. How do i bite thee? let me count the ways: Exploring the implications of individual biting habits of Aedes aegypti for dengue transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010818. [PMID: 36194617 PMCID: PMC9565401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In models of mosquito-borne transmission, the mosquito biting rate is an influential parameter, and understanding the heterogeneity of the process of biting is important, as biting is usually assumed to be relatively homogeneous across individuals, with time-between-bites described by an exponentially distributed process. However, these assumptions have not been addressed through laboratory experimentation. We experimentally investigated the daily biting habits of Ae. aegypti at three temperatures (24°C, 28°C, and 32°C) and determined that there was individual heterogeneity in biting habits (number of bites, timing of bites, etc.). We further explored the consequences of biting heterogeneity using an individual-based model designed to examine whether a particular biting profile determines whether a mosquito is more or less likely to 1) become exposed given a single index case of dengue (DENV) and 2) transmit to a susceptible human individual. Our experimental results indicate that there is heterogeneity among individuals and among temperature treatments. We further show that this results in altered probabilities of transmission of DENV to and from individual mosquitoes based on biting profiles. While current model representation of biting may work under some conditions, it might not uniformly be the best fit for this process. Our data also confirm that biting is a non-monotonic process with temperatures around 28°C being optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Christofferson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Helen J. Wearing
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Erik A. Turner
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Walsh
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Henrik Salje
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Tran-Kiem
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Paris, France
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Faridah L, Fauziah N, Agustian D, Mindra Jaya IGN, Eka Putra R, Ekawardhani S, Hidayath N, Damar Djati I, Carvajal TM, Mayasari W, Ruluwedrata Rinawan F, Watanabe K. Temporal Correlation Between Urban Microclimate, Vector Mosquito Abundance, and Dengue Cases. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1008-1018. [PMID: 35305089 PMCID: PMC9113159 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a major mosquito-borne viral disease. Studies have reported a strong correlation between weather, the abundance of Aedes aegypti, the vector of DHF virus, and dengue incidence. However, this conclusion has been based on the general climate pattern of wide regions. In general, however, the human population, level of infrastructure, and land-use change in rural and urban areas often produce localized climate patterns that may influence the interaction between climate, vector abundance, and dengue incidence. Thoroughly understanding this correlation will allow the development of a customized and precise local early warning system. To achieve this purpose, we conducted a cohort study, during January-December 2017, in 16 districts in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. In the selected areas, local weather stations and modified light mosquito traps were set up to obtain data regarding daily weather and the abundance of adult female Ae. aegypti. A generalized linear model was applied to analyze the effect of local weather and female adult Ae. aegypti on the number of dengue cases. The result showed a significant non-linear correlation among mosquito abundance, maximum temperature, and dengue cases. Using our model, the data showed that the addition of a single adult Ae. aegypti mosquito increased the risk of dengue infection by 1.8%, while increasing the maximum temperature by one degree decreased the risk by 17%. This finding suggests specific actionable insights needed to supplement existing mosquito eradication programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Faridah
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
- Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
| | - Nisa Fauziah
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Agustian
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Nyoman Mindra Jaya
- Department of Statistics Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhani Eka Putra
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Insitut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganeca 10, Bandung, 40132, West Java, Indonesia
- Biology Department, Insitut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Desa Way Hui, Bandar Lampung, 35365, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Savira Ekawardhani
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurrachman Hidayath
- Dengue Study Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman 38, Bandung, 40131, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Imam Damar Djati
- Faculty of Visual Art and Design, Industrial Design Section, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganeca 10, Bandung, 40132, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Thaddeus M Carvajal
- Biological Control Research Unit, Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research-De La Salle University, Taft Ave Manila, Philippines
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Wulan Mayasari
- Anatomy Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Corresponding author, e-mail: ;
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Diallo D, Diouf B, Gaye A, NDiaye EH, Sene NM, Dia I, Diallo M. Dengue vectors in Africa: A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09459. [PMID: 35620619 PMCID: PMC9126922 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne-disease of growing public health importance in Africa. The continuous increase of number and frequency of outbreaks of dengue fever, especially in urban area in Africa underline the need to review the current data available on vectors involved in dengue virus transmission in Africa. Here, we summarized the available data on vectors involved in the transmission of dengue virus in the sylvatic and urban environments, vertical transmission, vector competence studies, and vector control strategies used in Africa. The virus was isolated mainly from Aedes furcifer, Ae. luteocephalus, and Ae. taylori in the sylvatic environment and from Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the urban areas. Prospective and urgently needed studies on vectors biology, behavior, and alternative control strategies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diawo Diallo
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Diouf
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alioune Gaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - El Hadji NDiaye
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ndeye Marie Sene
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Pôle de Zoologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
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Fourié T, El Bara A, Dubot-Pérès A, Grard G, Briolant S, Basco LK, Ouldabdallahi Moukah M, Leparc-Goffart I. Emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 in Mauritania and molecular characterization of its circulation in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009829. [PMID: 34695119 PMCID: PMC8568173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The first epidemic of laboratory-confirmed dengue occurred in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania situated in the Saharan desert, in 2014. On-site diagnosis of dengue fever was established using a rapid diagnostic test for dengue. In parallel, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the city was confirmed. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed that all samples from the 2014 dengue epidemic in Nouakchott were dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The whole genome or envelope protein gene of these strains, together with other DENV-2 strains obtained from travelers returning from West African countries to France between 2016 and 2019 (including two Mauritanian strains in 2017 and 2018), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent emergence of an epidemic strain from the cosmopolitan genotype belonging to West African cosmopolitan lineage II, which is genetically distinct from African sylvatic genotype. The origin of this DENV-2 lineage is still unknown, but our data seem to suggest a recent and rapid dispersion of the epidemic strain throughout the region. More complete genome sequences of West African DENV-2 are required for a better understanding of the dynamics of its circulation. Arboviral surveillance and outbreak forecasting are urgently needed in West Africa. In Africa, dengue viruses 1 to 4 are transmitted to primates by Aedes mosquitoes in a sylvatic cycle or an urban/epidemic cycle involving humans. Infection in humans may be asymptomatic or may range from mild flu-like illness to severe hemorrhagic fever. The dengue viruses have a pantropical distribution, mostly in urbanized areas where vectors have become well adapted. This report shows dengue can also emerge in desert areas, as seen for the first time in an outbreak in 2014 in Nouakchott, Mauritania, where climatic, environmental, and human behavioral changes favor the emergence of Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue virus 2 was found in multiple human samples collected during the outbreak. Genomic analysis of dengue virus 2 isolates from the Mauritanian outbreak and from infected travelers revealed the rapid emergence of a specific “West African epidemic strain” of the virus throughout West Africa during the last decade, which is distinct from other strains found elsewhere and from historical or sylvatic strains. More genomic data would help us understand the circulation of dengue virus in West Africa, to help forecast and mitigate outbreaks in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed El Bara
- Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Leonardo K. Basco
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Ouldabdallahi Moukah
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya, Nouakchott, Mauritania
- Initiative mauritanienne pour la lutte contre les maladies endémiques “MEDCINGO” Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Novelo M, Audsley MD, McGraw EA. The effects of DENV serotype competition and co-infection on viral kinetics in Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:314. [PMID: 34108021 PMCID: PMC8190863 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of several medically important arthropod-borne viruses, including multiple serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Competition within the mosquito between DENV serotypes can affect viral infection dynamics, modulating the transmission potential of the pathogen. Vector control remains the main method for limiting dengue fever. The insect endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis is currently being trialed in field releases globally as a means of biological control because it reduces virus replication inside the mosquito. It is not clear how co-infection between DENV serotypes in the same mosquito might alter the pathogen-blocking phenotype elicited by Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti. METHODS Five- to 7-day-old female Ae. aegypti from two lines, namely, with (wMel) and without Wolbachia infection (WT), were fed virus-laden blood through an artificial membrane with either a mix of DENV-2 and DENV-3 or the same DENV serotypes singly. Mosquitoes were subsequently incubated inside environmental chambers and collected on the following days post-infection: 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13. Midgut, carcass, and salivary glands were collected from each mosquito at each timepoint and individually analyzed to determine the percentage of DENV infection and viral RNA load via RT-qPCR. RESULTS We saw that for WT mosquitoes DENV-3 grew to higher viral RNA loads across multiple tissues when co-infected with DENV-2 than when it was in a mono-infection. Additionally, we saw a strong pathogen-blocking phenotype in wMel mosquitoes independent of co-infection status. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the wMel mosquito line is capable of blocking DENV serotype co-infection in a systemic way across the mosquito body. Moreover, we showed that for WT mosquitoes, serotype co-infection can affect infection frequency in a tissue- and time-specific manner and that both viruses have the potential of being transmitted simultaneously. Our findings suggest that the long-term efficacy of Wolbachia pathogen blocking is not compromised by arthropod-borne virus co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Novelo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - M D Audsley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - E A McGraw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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10
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Sánchez-González G, Belak ZR, Lozano L, Condé R. Probability of consolidation constrains novel serotype emergence in dengue fever virus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248765. [PMID: 33819302 PMCID: PMC8021166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first sequencing 40 years ago, Dengue virus (DENV) genotypes have shown extreme coherence regarding the serotype class they encode. Considering that DENV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a high mutation rate, this behavior is intriguing. Here, we explore the effect of various parameters on likelihood of new serotype emergence. In order to determine the time scales of such an event, we used a Timed Markov Transmission Model to explore the influences of sylvatic versus peri-urban transmission, viral mutation rate, and vertical transmission on the probabilities of novel serotype emergence. We found that around 1 000 years are required for a new serotype to emerge, consistent with phylogenetic analysis of extant dengue serotypes. Furthermore, we show that likelihood of establishing chains of mosquito-human-mosquito infection, known as consolidation, is the primary factor which constrains novel serotype emergence. Our work illustrates the restrictions on and provides a mechanistic explanation for the low probability of novel dengue virus serotype emergence and the low number of observed DENV serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Sánchez-González
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Renaud Condé
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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11
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Gaye A, Wang E, Vasilakis N, Guzman H, Diallo D, Talla C, Ba Y, Dia I, Weaver SC, Diallo M. Potential for sylvatic and urban Aedes mosquitoes from Senegal to transmit the new emerging dengue serotypes 1, 3 and 4 in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007043. [PMID: 30759080 PMCID: PMC6373929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DEN) is the most common arboviral disease in the world and dengue virus (DENV) causes 390 million annual infections around the world, of which 240 million are inapparent and 96 million are symptomatic. During the past decade a changing epidemiological pattern has been observed in Africa, with DEN outbreaks reported in all regions. In Senegal, all DENV serotypes have been reported. These important changes in the epidemiological profile of DEN are occurring in a context where there is no qualified vaccine against DEN. Further there is significant gap of knowledge on the vector bionomics and transmission dynamics in the African region to effectively prevent and control epidemics. Except for DENV-2, few studies have been performed with serotypes 1, 3, and 4, so this study was undertaken to fill out this gap. We assessed the vector competence of Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer, Ae. (Diceromyia) taylori, Ae. (Stegomyia) luteocephalus, sylvatic and urban Ae. (Stegomyia) aegypti populations from Senegal for DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4 using experimental oral infection. Whole bodies and wings/legs were tested for DENV presence by cell culture assays and saliva samples were tested by real time RT-PCR to estimate infection, disseminated infection and transmission rates. Our results revealed a low capacity of sylvatic and urban Aedes mosquitoes from Senegal to transmit DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4 and an impact of infection on their mortality. The highest potential transmission rate was 20% despite the high susceptibility and disseminated infection rates up to 93.7% for the 3 Ae. aegypti populations tested, and 84.6% for the sylvatic vectors Ae. furcifer, Ae. taylori and Ae. luteocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alioune Gaye
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Eryu Wang
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diawo Diallo
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiological Infectious Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yamar Ba
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Unité d’Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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12
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Souza-Neto JA, Powell JR, Bonizzoni M. Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 67:191-209. [PMID: 30465912 PMCID: PMC8135908 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary transmitter of the four viruses that have had the greatest impact on human health, the viruses causing yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Because this mosquito is easy to rear in the laboratory and these viruses grow in laboratory tissue culture cells, many studies have been performed testing the relative competence of different populations of the mosquito to transmit many different strains of viruses. We review here this large literature including studies on the effect of the mosquito microbiota on competence. Because of the heterogeneity of both mosquito populations and virus strains used, as well as methods measuring potential to transmit, it is very difficult to perform detailed meta-analysis of the studies. However, a few conclusions can be drawn: (1) almost no population of Ae. aegypti is 100% naturally refractory to virus infection. Complete susceptibility to infection has been observed for Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), but not yellow fever viruses (YFV); (2) the dose of virus used is directly correlated to the rate of infection; (3) Brazilian populations of mosquito are particularly susceptible to DENV-2 infections; (4) the Asian lineage of ZIKV is less infective to Ae. aegypti populations from the American continent than is the African ZIKV lineage; (5) virus adaptation to different species of mosquitoes has been demonstrated with CHIKV; (6) co-infection with more than one virus sometimes causes displacement while in other cases has little effect; (7) the microbiota in the mosquito also has important effects on level of susceptibility to arboviral infection; (8) resistance to virus infection due to the microbiota may be direct (e.g., bacteria producing antiviral proteins) or indirect in activating the mosquito host innate immune system; (9) non-pathogenic insect specific viruses (ISVs) are also common in mosquitoes including genome insertions. These too have been shown to have an impact on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to pathogenic viruses. One clear conclusion is that it would be a great advance in this type of research to implement standardized procedures in order to obtain comparable and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A Souza-Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Multiuser Central Laboratory, Botucatu, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biotechnology, Botucatu, Brazil
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13
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Quintero-Gil DC, Uribe-Yepes A, Ospina M, Díaz FJ, Martinez-Gutierrez M. Differences in the replicative capacities of clinical isolates of dengue virus in C6/36 cells and in urban populations of Aedes aegypti from Colombia, South America. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:257-272. [PMID: 30165044 PMCID: PMC9427825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide, is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that co-circulate constantly in hyperendemic areas such as Medellin (Colombia), and these serotypes are transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes. In this study, we evaluated the replicative capacity of strains isolated in Medellin between 2003 and 2007 in C6/36 cells and in colonies of Aedes aegypti collected during 2010–2011 from high or low-incidence areas within the same city. The phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates according to the predominant genotypes found in the Americas, and the in vitro characterization showed differences in the morphological changes induced by the isolates of each of the isolated serotypes compared to the reference serotypes. In vitro replicative capacity studies demonstrated that genomic copy number increased at four days post-infection and that cell viability decreased significantly compared to the control for all serotypes. The largest number of genomic copies in C6/36 was produced by DENV-2, followed by DENV-1 and DENV-4; DENV-3 produced the smallest number of genomic copies and had the smallest negative effect on cell viability. Finally, differences in the in vivo replication of intercolonial serotypes between the Rockefeller colony and the field colonies and among the intracolonial serotypes were found. The replication of DENV-2 at 7 and 14 days in both high- and low-incidence colonies was higher than that of the other serotypes, and replication of DENV-3 in the mosquito colonies was the most stable on the days evaluated. Our results support the notion that replication and, possibly, DENV transmission and severity depend on many factors, including serotype and vector characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Carolina Quintero-Gil
- Universidad de Antioquia, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Alexander Uribe-Yepes
- Universidad de Antioquia, Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales-PECET, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marta Ospina
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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14
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Sedda L, Vilela APP, Aguiar ERGR, Gaspar CHP, Gonçalves ANA, Olmo RP, Silva ATS, de Cássia da Silveira L, Eiras ÁE, Drumond BP, Kroon EG, Marques JT. The spatial and temporal scales of local dengue virus transmission in natural settings: a retrospective analysis. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:79. [PMID: 29394906 PMCID: PMC5797342 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Despite the crucial role of Aedes mosquitoes in DENV transmission, pure vector indices poorly correlate with human infections. Therefore there is great need for a better understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of DENV transmission between mosquitoes and humans. Here, we have systematically monitored the circulation of DENV in individual Aedes spp. mosquitoes and human patients from Caratinga, a dengue endemic city in the state of Minas Gerais, in Southeast Brazil. From these data, we have developed a novel stochastic point process pattern algorithm to identify the spatial and temporal association between DENV infected mosquitoes and human patients. Methods The algorithm comprises of: (i) parameterization of the variogram for the incidence of each DENV serotype in mosquitoes; (ii) identification of the spatial and temporal ranges and variances of DENV incidence in mosquitoes in the proximity of humans infected with dengue; and (iii) analysis of the association between a set of environmental variables and DENV incidence in mosquitoes in the proximity of humans infected with dengue using a spatio-temporal additive, geostatistical linear model. Results DENV serotypes 1 and 3 were the most common virus serotypes detected in both mosquitoes and humans. Using the data on each virus serotype separately, our spatio-temporal analyses indicated that infected humans were located in areas with the highest DENV incidence in mosquitoes, when incidence is calculated within 2.5–3 km and 50 days (credible interval 30–70 days) before onset of symptoms in humans. These measurements are in agreement with expected distances covered by mosquitoes and humans and the time for virus incubation. Finally, DENV incidence in mosquitoes found in the vicinity of infected humans correlated well with the low wind speed, higher air temperature and northerly winds that were more likely to favor vector survival and dispersal in Caratinga. Conclusions We have proposed a new way of modeling bivariate point pattern on the transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens between vector and host when the location of infection in the latter is known. This strategy avoids some of the strong and unrealistic assumptions made by other point-process models. Regarding virus transmission in Caratinga, our model showed a strong and significant association between high DENV incidence in mosquitoes and the onset of symptoms in humans at specific spatial and temporal windows. Together, our results indicate that vector surveillance must be a priority for dengue control. Nevertheless, localized vector control at distances lower than 2.5 km around premises with infected vectors in densely populated areas are not likely to be effective. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2662-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sedda
- Centre for Health Information Computation and Statistics (CHICAS), Furness Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Ana Paula Pessoa Vilela
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil.,Present Address: Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Caio Henrique Pessoa Gaspar
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - André Nicolau Aquime Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Roenick Proveti Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Saraiva Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Lízia de Cássia da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Eduardo Eiras
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30270-901, Brazil.
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15
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Weetman D, Kamgang B, Badolo A, Moyes CL, Shearer FM, Coulibaly M, Pinto J, Lambrechts L, McCall PJ. Aedes Mosquitoes and Aedes-Borne Arboviruses in Africa: Current and Future Threats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020220. [PMID: 29382107 PMCID: PMC5858289 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Zika crisis drew attention to the long-overlooked problem of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in Africa. Yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika are poorly controlled in Africa and often go unrecognized. However, to combat these diseases, both in Africa and worldwide, it is crucial that this situation changes. Here, we review available data on the distribution of each disease in Africa, their Aedes vectors, transmission potential, and challenges and opportunities for Aedes control. Data on disease and vector ranges are sparse, and consequently maps of risk are uncertain. Issues such as genetic and ecological diversity, and opportunities for integration with malaria control, are primarily African; others such as ever-increasing urbanization, insecticide resistance and lack of evidence for most control-interventions reflect problems throughout the tropics. We identify key knowledge gaps and future research areas, and in particular, highlight the need to improve knowledge of the distributions of disease and major vectors, insecticide resistance, and to develop specific plans and capacity for arboviral disease surveillance, prevention and outbreak responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé PO Box 13501, Cameroon.
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), Université Ouaga 1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso.
| | - Catherine L Moyes
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Freya M Shearer
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Mamadou Coulibaly
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako BP 1805, Mali.
| | - João Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 2000, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Philip J McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
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16
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Severson DW, Behura SK. Genome Investigations of Vector Competence in Aedes aegypti to Inform Novel Arbovirus Disease Control Approaches. INSECTS 2016; 7:insects7040058. [PMID: 27809220 PMCID: PMC5198206 DOI: 10.3390/insects7040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue (DENV), yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission to humans by a mosquito host is confounded by both intrinsic and extrinsic variables. Besides virulence factors of the individual arboviruses, likelihood of virus transmission is subject to variability in the genome of the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. The “vectorial capacity” of A. aegypti varies depending upon its density, biting rate, and survival rate, as well as its intrinsic ability to acquire, host and transmit a given arbovirus. This intrinsic ability is known as “vector competence”. Based on whole transcriptome analysis, several genes and pathways have been predicated to have an association with a susceptible or refractory response in A. aegypti to DENV infection. However, the functional genomics of vector competence of A. aegypti is not well understood, primarily due to lack of integrative approaches in genomic or transcriptomic studies. In this review, we focus on the present status of genomics studies of DENV vector competence in A. aegypti as limited information is available relative to the other arboviruses. We propose future areas of research needed to facilitate the integration of vector and virus genomics and environmental factors to work towards better understanding of vector competence and vectorial capacity in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Severson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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