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Takahashi E, Kitahara K, Miyoshi SI, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Ochi S, Okamoto K. Environmental water in Kolkata is suitable for the survival of Vibrio cholerae O1. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115374. [PMID: 36709867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with cholera emerge in Kolkata, India throughout the year. Such emergency indicates that cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 (toxigenic V. cholerae O1) are widespread in Kolkata. This suggests that the suitable conditions for replication of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is provided in Kolkata. In previous studies, we found that the replication rate of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 is low in the low ionic aqueous solution. Then we measured the ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata. As a control, we measured them in Japanese environmental water. The ion concentration in the environmental water of Kolkata was significantly high. Then, we examined the survival of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 in groundwater from Kolkata and found that V. cholerae O1 survive for long time in the solution but not in the solution diluted with Milli Q water. In addition, we found that V. cholerae O1 proliferated in environmental water of Kolkata to which a small amount of nutrient was added, but did not grow in the environmental water diluted with water to which the same amount of nutrient was added. These results indicate that the environmental water from Kolkata is suitable for survival of V. cholerae O1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Takahashi
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India; Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases in India, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, NICED-JICA Building, 57 Dr. S.C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010, India
| | - Sadayuki Ochi
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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Kibria ASMG, Costanza R, Soto JR. Modeling the complex associations of human wellbeing dimensions in a coupled human-natural system: In contexts of marginalized communities. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jensen PKM, Grant SL, Perner ML, Hossain ZZ, Ferdous J, Sultana R, Almeida S, Phelps M, Begum A. Historical and contemporary views on cholera transmission: are we repeating past discussions? Can lessons learned from cholera be applied to COVID-19? APMIS 2021; 129:421-430. [PMID: 33645840 PMCID: PMC8014510 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease that caused several global pandemics in the last centuries, may share some similarities with the new COVID‐19. Cholera has affected many populations in history and still remains a significant burden in developing countries. The main transmission route was thought to be predominantly through contaminated drinking water. However, revisiting the historical data collected during the Copenhagen 1853 cholera outbreak allowed us to re‐evaluate the role of drinking‐water transmission in a city‐wide outbreak and reconsider some critical transmission routes, which have been neglected since the time of John Snow. Recent empirical and cohort data from Bangladesh also strengthened the dynamic potentiality of other transmission routes (food, fomite, fish, flies) for transmitting cholera. Analyzing this particular nature of the cholera disease transmission, this paper will describe how the pattern of transmission routes are similar to COVID‐19 and how the method of revisiting old data can be used for further exploration of new and known diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kjaer Mackie Jensen
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Lawrence Grant
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Linnet Perner
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zenat Zebin Hossain
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Almeida
- Copenhagen Center for Disaster Research, Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193746. [PMID: 31590283 PMCID: PMC6801928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coastal areas in South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to elevated water salinity. Drinking water salinity has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Our study aimed to find if excess drinking water salinity was associated with increased hospital visits with an array of health effects in coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 157 participants from three coastal sub-districts. A face-to-face interview was conducted to collect salinity exposure and hospital visit data. Water samples were collected from both drinking and other household water sources for the measurement of salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS). CVD, diarrhea, and abdominal pain related hospital visits were found to be significantly associated with high water salinity and TDS. Households exposed to high salinity demonstrated a higher frequency of hospital visits than the low salinity-exposed households. People exposed to high salinity seemed to lack awareness regarding salinity-inducing health effects. Water salinity is a public health concern that will continue to rise due to climate change. Therefore, raising awareness about the health risks of water salinity is essential for the government to frame policies and mitigation strategies to control this emerging threat.
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Hossain ZZ, Farhana I, Tulsiani SM, Begum A, Jensen PKM. Transmission and Toxigenic Potential of Vibrio cholerae in Hilsha Fish ( Tenualosa ilisha) for Human Consumption in Bangladesh. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29515532 PMCID: PMC5826273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish have been considered natural reservoirs of Vibrio cholerae, the deadly diarrheal pathogen. However, little is known about the role of fish in the transmission of V. cholerae from the Bay of Bengal to the households of rural and urban Bangladesh. This study analyzes the incidence and pathogenic potential of V. cholerae in Hilsha (Tenualosa ilisha), a commonly caught and consumed fish that exhibits a life cycle in both freshwater and marine environments in Bangladesh. During the period from October 2014 to October 2015, samples from the gills, recta, intestines, and scale swabs of a total of 48 fish were analyzed. The fish were collected both at local markets in the capital city Dhaka and directly from fishermen at the river. PCR analysis by targeting V. cholerae species-specific ompW gene revealed that 39 of 48 (81%) fish were positive in at least one of the sample types. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the cholera-causing ctxA gene was detected in 20% (8 of 39) of V. cholerae-positive fish. A total of 158 V. cholerae isolates were obtained which were categorized into 35 genotypic groups. Altogether, 25 O1 and 133 non-O1/O139 strains were isolated, which were negative for the cholera toxin gene. Other pathogenic genes such as stn/sto, hlyA, chxA, SXT, rtxC, and HA-P were detected. The type three secretion system gene cluster (TTSS) was present in 18% (24 of 133) of non-O1/O139 isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that the isolates conferred high resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and kanamycin. Both O1 and non-O1/O139 strains were able to accumulate fluid in rabbit ileal loops and caused distinctive cell death in HeLa cell. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed clonal diversity among fish isolates with pandemic clones. Our data suggest a high prevalence of V. cholerae in Hilsha fish, which indicates that this fish could serve as a potential vehicle for V. cholerae transmission. Moreover, the indigenous V. cholerae strains isolated from Hilsha fish possess considerable virulence potential despite being quite diverse from current epidemic strains. This represents the first study of the population structure of V. cholerae associated with fish in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenat Z Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Israt Farhana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Suhella M Tulsiani
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anowara Begum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter K M Jensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Centre for Disaster Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ceccarelli D, Alam M, Huq A, Colwell RR. Reduced Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactams in Vibrio cholerae Isolated in Bangladesh. Front Public Health 2016; 4:231. [PMID: 27803895 PMCID: PMC5067765 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactams are antibiotic molecules able to inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. Among other mechanisms, resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is mostly associated with production of β-lactamase enzymes able to bind and hydrolyze the β-lactam ring. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases extend this ability also to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, as well as to carbapenems and monobactams. Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of epidemic cholera and a public health burden for developing countries like Bangladesh. Although appropriate oral or intravenous rehydration is the therapy of choice for cholera, severe infections and V. cholerae-associated septicemia are treated with antimicrobial drugs, including doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and/or third-generation cephalosporins. In the years after the introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice, V. cholerae developed resistance to commonly used drugs worldwide mostly through gene acquisition via horizontal gene transfer. Reduced susceptibility of V. cholerae to third-generation cephalosporins has been occasionally documented. However, carbapenemase-producing V. cholerae has been reported at higher rates than resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams, mainly associated with blaNDM-1 emergence and successful plasmid dissemination. Recent findings suggest limited β-lactam resistance is present in V. cholerae O1 isolates collected during ecological and epidemiological surveillance in Bangladesh. However, a trend to intermediate-susceptibility insurgence was observed. Horizontal gene transfer of β-lactam resistance from enteric pathogens to environmental microorganisms should not be underrated, given the ability of V. cholerae to acquire new genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ceccarelli
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - Munirul Alam
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) , Dhaka , Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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