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Cisneros AE, Martín-García T, Primc A, Kuziuta W, Sánchez-Vicente J, Aragonés V, Daròs JA, Carbonell A. Transgene-free, virus-based gene silencing in plants by artificial microRNAs derived from minimal precursors. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10719-10736. [PMID: 37713607 PMCID: PMC10602918 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) are highly specific, 21-nucleotide (nt) small RNAs designed to silence target transcripts. In plants, their application as biotechnological tools for functional genomics or crop improvement is limited by the need of transgenically expressing long primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) precursors to produce the amiRNAs in vivo. Here, we analyzed the minimal structural and sequence requirements for producing effective amiRNAs from the widely used, 521-nt long AtMIR390a pri-miRNA from Arabidopsis thaliana. We functionally screened in Nicotiana benthamiana a large collection of constructs transiently expressing amiRNAs against endogenous genes and from artificially shortened MIR390-based precursors and concluded that highly effective and accurately processed amiRNAs can be produced from a chimeric precursor of only 89 nt. This minimal precursor was further validated in A. thaliana transgenic plants expressing amiRNAs against endogenous genes. Remarkably, minimal but not full-length precursors produce authentic amiRNAs and induce widespread gene silencing in N. benthamiana when expressed from an RNA virus, which can be applied into leaves by spraying infectious crude extracts. Our results reveal that the length of amiRNA precursors can be shortened without affecting silencing efficacy, and that viral vectors including minimal amiRNA precursors can be applied in a transgene-free manner to induce whole-plant gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana E Cisneros
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Martín-García
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anamarija Primc
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wojtek Kuziuta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Vicente
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Aragonés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Carbonell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Schwenkert S, Lo WT, Szulc B, Yip CK, Pratt AI, Cusack SA, Brandt B, Leister D, Kunz HH. Probing the physiological role of the plastid outer-envelope membrane using the oemiR plasmid collection. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad187. [PMID: 37572358 PMCID: PMC10542568 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are the site of complex biochemical pathways, most prominently photosynthesis. The organelle evolved through endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium, which is exemplified by the outer envelope membrane that harbors more than 40 proteins in Arabidopsis. Their evolutionary conservation indicates high significance for plant cell function. While a few proteins are well-studied as part of the protein translocon complex the majority of outer envelope protein functions is unclear. Gaining a deeper functional understanding has been complicated by the lack of observable loss-of-function mutant phenotypes, which is often rooted in functional genetic redundancy. Therefore, we designed outer envelope-specific artificial micro RNAs (oemiRs) capable of downregulating transcripts from several loci simultaneously. We successfully tested oemiR function by performing a proof-of-concept screen for pale and cold-sensitive mutants. An in-depth analysis of pale mutant alleles deficient in the translocon component TOC75 using proteomics provided new insights into putative compensatory import pathways. The cold stress screen not only recapitulated 3 previously known phenotypes of cold-sensitive mutants but also identified 4 mutants of additional oemiR outer envelope loci. Altogether our study revealed a role of the outer envelope to tolerate cold conditions and showcasts the power of the oemiR collection to research the significance of outer envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wing Tung Lo
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beata Szulc
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chun Kwan Yip
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna I Pratt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Brandt
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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3
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Broucke E, Dang TTV, Li Y, Hulsmans S, Van Leene J, De Jaeger G, Hwang I, Wim VDE, Rolland F. SnRK1 inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis through both transcriptional regulation and direct phosphorylation and dissociation of the MYB/bHLH/TTG1 MBW complex. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1193-1213. [PMID: 37219821 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved an extensive specialized secondary metabolism. The colorful flavonoid anthocyanins, for example, not only stimulate flower pollination and seed dispersal, but also protect different tissues against high light, UV and oxidative stress. Their biosynthesis is highly regulated by environmental and developmental cues and induced by high sucrose levels. Expression of the biosynthetic enzymes involved is controlled by a transcriptional MBW complex, comprising (R2R3) MYB- and bHLH-type transcription factors and the WD40 repeat protein TTG1. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is not only useful, but also carbon- and energy-intensive and non-vital. Consistently, the SnRK1 protein kinase, a metabolic sensor activated in carbon- and energy-depleting stress conditions, represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here we show that Arabidopsis SnRK1 represses MBW complex activity both at the transcriptional and post-translational level. In addition to repressing expression of the key transcription factor MYB75/PAP1, SnRK1 activity triggers MBW complex dissociation, associated with loss of target promoter binding, MYB75 protein degradation and nuclear export of TTG1. We also provide evidence for direct interaction with and phosphorylation of multiple MBW complex proteins. These results indicate that repression of expensive anthocyanin biosynthesis is an important strategy to save energy and redirect carbon flow to more essential processes for survival in metabolic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Broucke
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thi Tuong Vi Dang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Yi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Van den Ende Wim
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Leuven, Belgium
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Wang T, Chang Y, Zhao K, Dong Q, Yang J. Maize RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein promotes 18S pre-rRNA cleavage and is important for kernel development. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1957-1979. [PMID: 35167702 PMCID: PMC9048941 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant ribosomes contain four specialized ribonucleic acids, the 5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 25S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Maturation of the latter three rRNAs requires cooperative processing of a single transcript by several endonucleases and exonucleases at specific sites. In maize (Zea mays), the exact nucleases and components required for rRNA processing remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized a conserved RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase (RCL)-like protein, RCL1, that functions in 18S rRNA maturation. RCL1 is highly expressed in the embryo and endosperm during early seed development. Loss of RCL1 function resulted in lethality due to aborted embryo cell differentiation. We also observed pleiotropic defects in the rcl1 endosperm, including abnormal basal transfer cell layer growth and aleurone cell identity, and reduced storage reserve accumulation. The rcl1 seeds had lower levels of mature 18S rRNA and the related precursors were altered in abundance compared with wild type. Analysis of transcript levels and protein accumulation in rcl1 revealed that the observed lower levels of zein and starch synthesis enzymes mainly resulted from effects at the transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. These results demonstrate that RCL1-mediated 18S pre-rRNA processing is essential for ribosome function and messenger RNA translation during maize seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yumei Chang
- School of Life Sciences, The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Ezoe A, Shirai K, Hanada K. Degree of Functional Divergence in Duplicates Is Associated with Distinct Roles in Plant Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1447-1459. [PMID: 33290522 PMCID: PMC8042753 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene duplication is a major mechanism to create new genes. After gene duplication, some duplicated genes undergo functionalization, whereas others largely maintain redundant functions. Duplicated genes comprise various degrees of functional diversification in plants. However, the evolutionary fate of high and low diversified duplicates is unclear at genomic scale. To infer high and low diversified duplicates in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we generated a prediction method for predicting whether a pair of duplicate genes was subjected to high or low diversification based on the phenotypes of knock-out mutants. Among 4,017 pairs of recently duplicated A. thaliana genes, 1,052 and 600 are high and low diversified duplicate pairs, respectively. The predictions were validated based on the phenotypes of generated knock-down transgenic plants. We determined that the high diversified duplicates resulting from tandem duplications tend to have lineage-specific functions, whereas the low diversified duplicates produced by whole-genome duplications are related to essential signaling pathways. To assess the evolutionary impact of high and low diversified duplicates in closely related species, we compared the retention rates and selection pressures on the orthologs of A. thaliana duplicates in two closely related species. Interestingly, high diversified duplicates resulting from tandem duplications tend to be retained in multiple lineages under positive selection. Low diversified duplicates by whole-genome duplications tend to be retained in multiple lineages under purifying selection. Taken together, the functional diversities determined by different duplication mechanisms had distinct effects on plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ezoe
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shirai
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hanada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Lunardon A, Kariuki SM, Axtell MJ. Expression and processing of polycistronic artificial microRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs from transiently introduced transgenes in Solanum lycopersicum and Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1087-1104. [PMID: 33655542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Targeted gene silencing using small regulatory RNAs is a widely used technique for genetic studies in plants. Artificial microRNAs are one common approach, as they have the advantage of producing just a single functional small RNA, which can be designed for high target specificity and low off-target effects. Simultaneous silencing of multiple targets with artificial microRNAs can be achieved by producing polycistronic microRNA precursors. Alternatively, specialized trans-acting short interfering RNA (tasiRNA) precursors can be designed to produce several specific tasiRNAs at once. Here we tested several artificial microRNA- and tasiRNA-based methods for multiplexed gene silencing in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Nicotiana benthamiana. All analyses used transiently expressed transgenes delivered by infiltration of leaves with Agrobacterium tumefacians. Small RNA sequencing analyses revealed that many previously described approaches resulted in poor small RNA processing. The 5'-most microRNA precursor hairpins on polycistronic artificial microRNA precursors were generally processed more accurately than precursors at the 3'-end. Polycistronic artificial microRNAs where the hairpin precursors were separated by transfer RNAs had the best processing precision. Strikingly, artificial tasiRNA precursors failed to be processed in the expected phased manner in our system. These results highlight the need for further development of multiplexed artificial microRNA and tasiRNA strategies. The importance of small RNA sequencing, as opposed to single-target assays such as RNA blots or real-time polymerase chain reaction, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lunardon
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samwel Muiruri Kariuki
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi, PO Box 30709-00100, Kenya
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, PO Box 43844-00100, Kenya
| | - Michael J Axtell
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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7
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Ponce MR, Micol JL. A cornucopia of mutants for understanding plant embryo development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:289-291. [PMID: 32077508 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain
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8
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Carrasco JL, Sánchez-Navarro JA, Elena SF. Exploring the role of cellular homologous of the 30K-superfamily of plant virus movement proteins. Virus Res 2018; 262:54-61. [PMID: 29475053 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genes orthologous to the 30K-superfamily of movement proteins (MP) from plant viruses have been recently discovered by bioinformatics analyses as integrated elements in the genome of most vascular plants. However, their functional relevance for plants is still unclear. Here, we undertake some preliminary steps into the functional characterization of one of these putative MP genes found in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the AtMP gene is expressed at different stages of the plant development, with accumulation being highest in flowers but lowest in mature siliques. We also found down-regulation of the gene may result in a small delay in plant development and in an exacerbation of the negative effect of salinity in germination efficiency. We have also explored whether changes in expression of the endogenous AtMP have any effect on susceptibility to infection with several viruses, and found that the infectivity of tobacco rattle tobravirus was strongly dependent on the expression of the endogenous AtMP. Finally, we have cloned the endogenous MP from four different plant species into an expression vector that allows for specifically assessing their activity as cell-to-cell movement proteins and have shown that though some may still retain the ancestral activity, they do so in a quite inefficient manner, thus suggesting they have acquired a novel function during adaptation to the host genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Carrasco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Campus UPV CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Jesús A Sánchez-Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Campus UPV CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Santiago F Elena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, Campus UPV CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, València, Spain; Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-UV, Parc Científic UV, Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, 46980, Paterna, València, Spain; The Santa Fe Institute,1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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Ali S, Ahmad Nasir I, Rafiq M, Javed Butt S, Ihsan F, Qayyum Rao A, Husnain T. Sugarcane Mosaic Virus-Based Gene Silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 15:260-267. [PMID: 29845078 PMCID: PMC5903913 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Potyvirus-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used for knocking down the expression of a target gene in numerous plant species. Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a monopartite, positive single strand RNA virus. Objectives: pBINTRA6 vector was modifi ed by inserting a gene segment of SCMV in place of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) genome part 1 (TRV1 or RNA1) and the two nonstructural proteins of TRV2(RNA2). Materials and Methods: SCMV construct was inoculated into 3-4 weeks Nicotiana benthamiana plant leaves either by using a needleless syringe or applying pricking with a toothpick. Results: The construct (SCMV-RNA2) successfully induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of the target genes GFP and ChlI through agroinoculation proving that SCMV is a substitute of the RNA1, which plays a pivotal role in the systemic gene silencing. 2-3-weeks of post inoculation, target genes' silencing was observed in the newly developed noninoculated leaves. Conclusions: The newly developed construct expresses the knocked down of the endogenous as well as exogenous genes and only four weeks are required for the transient expression of the gene silencing based on SCMV-VIGS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajed Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Javed Butt
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ihsan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Oliver C, Pradillo M, Jover-Gil S, Cuñado N, Ponce MR, Santos JL. Loss of function of Arabidopsis microRNA-machinery genes impairs fertility, and has effects on homologous recombination and meiotic chromatin dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9280. [PMID: 28839139 PMCID: PMC5571030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nt single-stranded noncoding RNAs with regulatory roles in a wide range of cellular functions by repressing eukaryotic gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Here, we analyzed the effects on meiosis and fertility of hypomorphic or null alleles of the HYL1, HEN1, DCL1, HST and AGO1 genes, which encode miRNA-machinery components in Arabidopsis. Reduced pollen and megaspore mother cell number and fertility were shown by the mutants analyzed. These mutants also exhibited a relaxed chromatin conformation in male meiocytes at the first meiotic division, and increased chiasma frequency, which is likely to be due to increased levels of mRNAs from key genes involved in homologous recombination. The hen1-13 mutant was found to be hypersensitive to gamma irradiation, which mainly causes double-strand breaks susceptible to be repaired by homologous recombination. Our findings uncover a role for miRNA-machinery components in Arabidopsis meiosis, as well as in the repression of key genes required for homologous recombination. These genes seem to be indirect miRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Oliver
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Génétique Humaine UMR9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, cedex 05, France
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Jover-Gil
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Nieves Cuñado
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain.
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Identification of the conserved and novel microRNAs by deep sequencing and prediction of their targets in Topmouth culter. Gene 2017; 626:298-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Ramirez-Parra E, Perianez-Rodriguez J, Navarro-Neila S, Gude I, Moreno-Risueno MA, Del Pozo JC. The transcription factor OBP4 controls root growth and promotes callus formation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1787-1801. [PMID: 27859363 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development require a continuous balance between cell division and differentiation. In root meristems, differentiated cells acquire specialized functions, losing their mitotic potential. Some plant cells, such as pericycle cells, have a remarkable plasticity to regenerate new organs. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell reprogramming are not completely known. In this work, a functional screening of transcription factors identified Arabidopsis OBP4 (OBF Binding Protein 4) as a novel regulator of root growth and cell elongation and differentiation. Overexpression of OBP4 regulates the levels of a large number of transcripts in roots, many involved in hormonal signaling and callus formation. OBP4 controls cell elongation and differentiation in root cells. OBP4 does not induce cell division in the root meristem, but promotes pericycle cell proliferation, forming callus-like structures at the root tip, as shown by the expression of stem cell markers. Callus formation is enhanced by ectopic expression of OBP4 in the wild-type or alf4-1, but is significantly reduced in roots that have lower levels of OBP4. Our data provide molecular insights into how differentiated root cells acquire the potential to generate callus, a pluripotent mass of cells that can regenerate fully functional plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ramirez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Perianez-Rodriguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Navarro-Neila
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gude
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Moreno-Risueno
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) INIA-UPM, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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Ravaee R, Ebadi P, Hatam G, Vafafar A, Ghahramani Seno MM. Synthetic siRNAs effectively target cystein protease 12 and α-actinin transcripts in Trichomonas vaginalis. Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:30-4. [PMID: 26134763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The flagellated protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) causes trichomoniasis, a reproductive tract infection, in humans. Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. In addition to direct consequences such as infertility and abortion, there are indications that trichomoniasis favours development of prostate cancer and it has also been associated with increased risk of spreading human immunodeficiency virus and papillomavirus infections. Reports from around the world show that the rate of drug resistance in T. vaginalis is increasing, and therefore new therapeutic approaches have to be developed. Studying molecular biology of T. vaginalis will be quite helpful in identifying new drugable targets. RNAi is a powerful technique which allows biologist to specifically target gene products (i.e. mRNA) helping them in unravelling gene functions and biology of systems. However, due to lack of some parts of the required intrinsic RNAi machinery, the RNAi system is not functional in all orders of life. Here, by using synthetic siRNAs targeting two genes, i.e. α-actinin and cystein protease 12 (cp12), we demonstrate T. vaginalis cells are amenable to RNAi experiments conducted by extrinsic siRNAs. Electroporation of siRNAs targeting α-actinin or cp12 into T. vaginalis cells resulted in, respectively, 48-67% and 33-72% downregulation of the cognate transcripts compared to the T. vaginalis cells received siRNAs targeting GL2 luciferase as a control. This finding is helpful in that it demonstrates the potential of using extrinsically induced RNAi in studies on molecular biology of T. vaginalis such as those aiming at identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ravaee
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parimah Ebadi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arghavan Vafafar
- Department of Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Ghahramani Seno
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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14
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Genome-wide identification of turnip mosaic virus-responsive microRNAs in non-heading Chinese cabbage by high-throughput sequencing. Gene 2015; 571:178-87. [PMID: 26115771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is the most prevalent viral pathogen infecting most cruciferous plants. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are around 22 nucleotides long non-protein-coding RNAs that play key regulatory roles in plants. Recent research findings show that miRNAs are involved in plant-virus interaction. However we know little about plant defense and viral offense system networks throughout microRNA regulation pathway. In this study, two small RNA libraries were constructed based on non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L. Makino, NHCC) leaves infected by TuMV and healthy leaves, and sequenced using the Illumina-Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 86 conserved miRNAs belonging to 25 known miRNA families and 45 novel ones were identified. Among them, twelve conserved and ten new miRNAs were validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Differential expression analysis showed that 42 miRNAs were down-regulated and 27 miRNAs were up-regulated in response to TuMV stress. A total of 271 target genes were predicted using a bioinformatics approach, these genes are mainly involved in growth and resistance to various stresses. We further selected 13 miRNAs and their corresponding target genes to explore their expression pattern under TuMV and/or cold (4°C) stresses, and the results indicated that some of the identified miRNAs could link TuMV response with cold response of NHCC. The characterization of these miRNAs could contribute to a better understanding of plant-virus interaction throughout microRNA regulation pathway. This can lead to finding new approach to defend virus infection using miRNA in Chinese cabbage.
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15
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González N, Inzé D. Molecular systems governing leaf growth: from genes to networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1045-54. [PMID: 25601785 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis leaf growth consists of a complex sequence of interconnected events involving cell division and cell expansion, and requiring multiple levels of genetic regulation. With classical genetics, numerous leaf growth regulators have been identified, but the picture is far from complete. With the recent advances made in quantitative phenotyping, the study of the quantitative, dynamic, and multifactorial features of leaf growth is now facilitated. The use of high-throughput phenotyping technologies to study large numbers of natural accessions or mutants, or to screen for the effects of large sets of chemicals will allow for further identification of the additional players that constitute the leaf growth regulatory networks. Only a tight co-ordination between these numerous molecular players can support the formation of a functional organ. The connections between the components of the network and their dynamics can be further disentangled through gene-stacking approaches and ultimately through mathematical modelling. In this review, we describe these different approaches that should help to obtain a holistic image of the molecular regulation of organ growth which is of high interest in view of the increasing needs for plant-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie González
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Wilson-Sánchez D, Rubio-Díaz S, Muñoz-Viana R, Pérez-Pérez JM, Jover-Gil S, Ponce MR, Micol JL. Leaf phenomics: a systematic reverse genetic screen for Arabidopsis leaf mutants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:878-91. [PMID: 24946828 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The study and eventual manipulation of leaf development in plants requires a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of leaf organogenesis. Forward genetic screens have identified hundreds of Arabidopsis mutants with altered leaf development, but the genome has not yet been saturated. To identify genes required for leaf development we are screening the Arabidopsis Salk Unimutant collection. We have identified 608 lines that exhibit a leaf phenotype with full penetrance and almost constant expressivity and 98 additional lines with segregating mutant phenotypes. To allow indexing and integration with other mutants, the mutant phenotypes were described using a custom leaf phenotype ontology. We found that the indexed mutation is present in the annotated locus for 78% of the 553 mutants genotyped, and that in half of these the annotated T-DNA is responsible for the phenotype. To quickly map non-annotated T-DNA insertions, we developed a reliable, cost-effective and easy method based on whole-genome sequencing. To enable comprehensive access to our data, we implemented a public web application named PhenoLeaf (http://genetics.umh.es/phenoleaf) that allows researchers to query the results of our screen, including text and visual phenotype information. We demonstrated how this new resource can facilitate gene function discovery by identifying and characterizing At1g77600, which we found to be required for proximal-distal cell cycle-driven leaf growth, and At3g62870, which encodes a ribosomal protein needed for cell proliferation and chloroplast function. This collection provides a valuable tool for the study of leaf development, characterization of biomass feedstocks and examination of other traits in this fundamental photosynthetic organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wilson-Sánchez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202, Elche, Spain
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Rombolá-Caldentey B, Rueda-Romero P, Iglesias-Fernández R, Carbonero P, Oñate-Sánchez L. Arabidopsis DELLA and two HD-ZIP transcription factors regulate GA signaling in the epidermis through the L1 box cis-element. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2905-19. [PMID: 24989044 PMCID: PMC4145122 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that affect plant growth and regulate gene expression differentially across tissues. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying GA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana, we focused on a GDSL lipase gene (LIP1) induced by GA and repressed by DELLA proteins. LIP1 contains an L1 box promoter sequence, conserved in the promoters of epidermis-specific genes, that is bound by ATML1, an HD-ZIP transcription factor required for epidermis specification. In this study, we demonstrate that LIP1 is specifically expressed in the epidermis and that its L1 box sequence mediates GA-induced transcription. We show that this sequence is overrepresented in the upstream regulatory regions of GA-induced and DELLA-repressed transcriptomes and that blocking GA signaling in the epidermis represses the expression of L1 box-containing genes and negatively affects seed germination. We show that DELLA proteins interact directly with ATML1 and its paralogue PDF2 and that silencing of both HD-ZIP transcription factors inhibits epidermal gene expression and delays germination. Our results indicate that, upon seed imbibition, increased GA levels reduce DELLA protein abundance and release ATML1/PDF2 to activate L1 box gene expression, thus enhancing germination potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Rombolá-Caldentey
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda-Romero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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