1
|
Li X, Wang D, Yin X, Dai M, Staiger CJ, Zhang C. A chemical genetic screen with the EXO70 inhibitor Endosidin2 uncovers potential modulators of exocytosis in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e592. [PMID: 38881683 PMCID: PMC11176578 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Exocytosis plays an essential role in delivering proteins, lipids, and cell wall polysaccharides to the plasma membrane and extracellular spaces. Accurate secretion through exocytosis is key to normal plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. During exocytosis, an octameric protein complex named the exocyst facilitates the tethering of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. Despite some understanding of molecular and cellular aspects of exocyst function obtained through reverse genetics and direct interaction assays, knowledge about upstream modulators and genetic interactors remains limited. Traditional genetic screens encounter practical issues in exocyst subunit mutant backgrounds, such as lethality of certain knockout mutants and/or potential redundancy of EXO70 homologs. To address these challenges, this study leverages the tunable and reversible nature of chemical genetics, employing Endosidin2 (ES2)-a synthetic inhibitor of EXO70-for a large-scale chemical genetic mutant screen in Arabidopsis. This approach led to the identification of 70 ES2-hypersensitive mutants, named es2s. Through a whole-genome sequencing-based mapping strategy, 14 nonallelic es2s mutants were mapped and the candidate mutations reported here. In addition, T-DNA insertion lines were tested as alternative alleles to identify causal mutations. We found that T-DNA insertion alleles for DCP5, VAS1/ISS1, ArgJ, and MEF11 were hypersensitive to ES2 for root growth inhibition. This research not only offers new genetic resources for systematically identifying molecular players interacting with the exocyst in Arabidopsis but also enhances understanding of the regulation of exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Diwen Wang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Xianglin Yin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Christopher J Staiger
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- Center for Plant Biology Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma T, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Attiogbe KB, Fan X, Fan W, Sun J, Luo Y, Yu X, Ji W, Cheng X, Wu X. The Resistance of Soybean Variety Heinong 84 to Apple Latent Spherical Virus Is Controlled by Two Genetic Loci. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2034. [PMID: 38396711 PMCID: PMC10889123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) is widely used as a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for function genome study. However, the application of ALSV to soybeans is limited by the resistance of many varieties. In this study, the genetic locus linked to the resistance of a resistant soybean variety Heinong 84 was mapped by high-throughput sequencing-based bulk segregation analysis (HTS-BSA) using a hybrid population crossed from Heinong 84 and a susceptible variety, Zhonghuang 13. The results showed that the resistance of Heinong 84 to ALSV is controlled by two genetic loci located on chromosomes 2 and 11, respectively. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed for identification and genotyping. Inheritance and biochemical analyses suggest that the resistance locus on chromosome 2 plays a dominant dose-dependent role, while the other locus contributes a secondary role in resisting ALSV. The resistance locus on chromosome 2 might encode a protein that can directly inhibit viral proliferation, while the secondary resistance locus on chromosome 11 may encode a host factor required for viral proliferation. Together, these data reveal novel insights on the resistance mechanism of Heinong 84 to ALSV, which will benefit the application of ALSV as a VIGS vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Kekely Bruno Attiogbe
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinyue Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenqian Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Yalou Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xinwei Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Weiqin Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (T.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.A.); (X.F.); (W.F.); (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (W.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qian ZH, Li W, Wang QF, Liang SC, Wu S, Li ZZ, Chen JM. The chromosome-level genome of the submerged plant Cryptocoryne crispatula provides insights into the terrestrial-freshwater transition in Araceae. DNA Res 2024; 31:dsae003. [PMID: 38245835 PMCID: PMC10873505 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant terrestrialization (i.e. the transition to a terrestrial environment) is a significant evolutionary event that has been intensively studied. While certain plant lineages, particularly in angiosperms, have re-adapted to freshwater habitats after colonizing terrene, however, the molecular mechanism of the terrestrial-freshwater (T-F) transition remains limited. Here, the basal monocot Araceae was selected as the study object to explore the T-F transition adaptation mechanism by comparative genomic analysis. Our findings revealed that the substitution rates significantly increased in the lineage of freshwater Araceae, which may promote their adaptation to the freshwater habitat. Additionally, 20 gene sets across all four freshwater species displayed signs of positive selection contributing to tissue development and defense responses in freshwater plants. Comparative synteny analysis showed that genes specific to submerged plants were enriched in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. In contrast, floating plants were involved in regulating gene expression, suggesting that gene and genome duplications may provide the original material for plants to adapt to the freshwater environment. Our study provides valuable insights into the genomic aspects of the transition from terrestrial to aquatic environments in Araceae, laying the groundwork for future research in the angiosperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Qian
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Plant Diversity Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shi-Chu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Guangxi Association for Science and Technology, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Li
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- Aquatic Plant Research Center, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui MQ, Xu C, Wang T, Zhao LH, Wang YX, Li GX, Yan JY, Xu JM, Liu R, Wang ZY, Harberd NP, Zheng SJ, Ding ZJ. An LRH-RSL4 feedback regulatory loop controls the determinate growth of root hairs in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:313-326.e7. [PMID: 38101405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular-shaped outgrowths of epidermal cells essential for plants acquiring water and nutrients from the soil. Despite their importance, the growth of root hairs is finite. How this determinate growth is precisely regulated remains largely unknown. Here we identify LONG ROOT HAIR (LRH), a GYF domain-containing protein, as a unique repressor of root hair growth. We show that LRH inhibits the association of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4Es (eIF4Es) with the mRNA of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6-LIKE4 (RSL4) that encodes the master regulator of root hair growth, repressing RSL4 translation and thus root hair elongation. RSL4 in turn directly transactivates LRH expression to maintain a proper LRH gradient in the trichoblasts. Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized LRH-RSL4 feedback regulatory loop that limits root hair growth, shedding new light on the mechanism underlying the determinate growth of root hairs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Qi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 5100642, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Hua Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yu Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Ying Yan
- Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ji Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 5100642, China; Institute of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kupriyanova E, Manakhov A, Ezhova T. PARG1 and EXA1 genes as possible components of the facultative epigenetic control of plant development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13959. [PMID: 37350155 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to adjust their developmental program in response to incremental environmental changes by reprogramming the epigenomes of the cells. This process, known as facultative epigenetic developmental control, underlies plant developmental plasticity and the amazing diversity of morphotypes, which arises from the changes in cell fates. How plants determine when epigenome reprogramming should occur is largely unclear. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis PARG1 and EXA1 genes, encoding poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase and GYF domain protein involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, respectively, act synergistically in maintaining leaf cell identity. Loss of their function in Arabidopsis tae mutant triggers autoimmunity and wounding response, alters transcription of a number of epigenetic regulators, initiates the acquisition of pluripotency by cells of the developed leaf and ectopic outgrowths and buds formation. The dependence of the cell fate on the activity level of PARG1 and EXA1 genes indicates that these interacting genes may function as an important regulator of facultative epigenetic control of plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Kupriyanova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Manakhov
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ezhova
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nishikawa M, Katsu K, Koinuma H, Hashimoto M, Neriya Y, Matsuyama J, Yamamoto T, Suzuki M, Matsumoto O, Matsui H, Nakagami H, Maejima K, Namba S, Yamaji Y. Interaction of EXA1 and eIF4E Family Members Facilitates Potexvirus Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Virol 2023; 97:e0022123. [PMID: 37199623 PMCID: PMC10308960 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00221-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses depend on a number of host factors for successful infection. Deficiency of critical host factors confers recessively inherited viral resistance in plants. For example, loss of Essential for poteXvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers resistance to potexviruses. However, the molecular mechanism of how EXA1 assists potexvirus infection remains largely unknown. Previous studies reported that the salicylic acid (SA) pathway is upregulated in exa1 mutants, and EXA1 modulates hypersensitive response-related cell death during EDS1-dependent effector-triggered immunity. Here, we show that exa1-mediated viral resistance is mostly independent of SA and EDS1 pathways. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis EXA1 interacts with three members of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) family, eIF4E1, eIFiso4E, and novel cap-binding protein (nCBP), through the eIF4E-binding motif (4EBM). Expression of EXA1 in exa1 mutants restored infection by the potexvirus Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV), but EXA1 with mutations in 4EBM only partially restored infection. In virus inoculation experiments using Arabidopsis knockout mutants, EXA1 promoted PlAMV infection in concert with nCBP, but the functions of eIFiso4E and nCBP in promoting PlAMV infection were redundant. By contrast, the promotion of PlAMV infection by eIF4E1 was, at least partially, EXA1 independent. Taken together, our results imply that the interaction of EXA1-eIF4E family members is essential for efficient PlAMV multiplication, although specific roles of three eIF4E family members in PlAMV infection differ. IMPORTANCE The genus Potexvirus comprises a group of plant RNA viruses, including viruses that cause serious damage to agricultural crops. We previously showed that loss of Essential for poteXvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers resistance to potexviruses. EXA1 may thus play a critical role in the success of potexvirus infection; hence, elucidation of its mechanism of action is crucial for understanding the infection process of potexviruses and for effective viral control. Previous studies reported that loss of EXA1 enhances plant immune responses, but our results indicate that this is not the primary mechanism of exa1-mediated viral resistance. Here, we show that Arabidopsis EXA1 assists infection by the potexvirus Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) by interacting with the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family. Our results imply that EXA1 contributes to PlAMV multiplication by regulating translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Katsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Koinuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juri Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kensaku Maejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Qin L, Lu J, Xia Y, Tang X, Lu X, Xia S. Genome-Wide Identification of GYF-Domain Encoding Genes in Three Brassica Species and Their Expression Responding to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:224. [PMID: 36672966 PMCID: PMC9858701 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GYF (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine)-domain-containing proteins, which were reported to participate in many aspects of biological processes in yeast and animals, are highly conserved adaptor proteins existing in almost all eukaryotes. Our previous study revealed that GYF protein MUSE11/EXA1 is involved in nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor-mediated defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the GYF-domain encoding homologous genes are still not clear in other plants. Here, we performed genome-wide identification of GYF-domain encoding genes (GYFs) from Brassica napus and its parental species, Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. As a result, 26 GYFs of B. napus (BnaGYFs), 11 GYFs of B. rapa (BraGYFs), and 14 GYFs of B. oleracea (BolGYFs) together with 10 A. thaliana (AtGYFs) were identified, respectively. We, then, conducted gene structure, motif, cis-acting elements, duplication, chromosome localization, and phylogenetic analysis of these genes. Gene structure analysis indicated the diversity of the exon numbers of these genes. We found that the defense and stress responsiveness element existed in 23 genes and also identified 10 motifs in these GYF proteins. Chromosome localization exhibited a similar distribution of BnaGYFs with BraGYFs or BolGYFs in their respective genomes. The phylogenetic and gene collinearity analysis showed the evolutionary conservation of GYFs among B. napus and its parental species as well as Arabidopsis. These 61 identified GYF domain proteins can be classified into seven groups according to their sequence similarity. Expression of BnaGYFs induced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum provided five highly upregulated genes and five highly downregulated genes, which might be candidates for further research of plant-fungal interaction in B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junxing Lu
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Yunong Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xianyu Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Agricultural Science Academy of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Xiangxi 416000, China
| | - Shitou Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Christie M, Igreja C. eIF4E-homologous protein (4EHP): a multifarious cap-binding protein. FEBS J 2023; 290:266-285. [PMID: 34758096 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cap-binding protein 4EHP/eIF4E2 has been a recent object of interest in the field of post-transcriptional gene regulation and translational control. From ribosome-associated quality control, to RNA decay and microRNA-mediated gene silencing, this member of the eIF4E protein family regulates gene expression through numerous pathways. Low in abundance but ubiquitously expressed, 4EHP interacts with different binding partners to form multiple protein complexes that regulate translation in a variety of biological contexts. Documented functions of 4EHP primarily relate to its role as a translational repressor, but recent findings indicate that it might also participate in the activation of translation in specific settings. In this review, we discuss the known functions, properties and mechanisms that involve 4EHP in the control of gene expression. We also discuss our current understanding of how 4EHP processes are regulated in eukaryotic cells, and the diseases implicated with dysregulation of 4EHP-mediated translational control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Christie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cátia Igreja
- Department for Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Komatsu K, Hammond J. Plantago asiatica mosaic virus: An emerging plant virus causing necrosis in lilies and a new model RNA virus for molecular research. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1401-1414. [PMID: 35856603 PMCID: PMC9452766 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Plantago asiatica mosaic virus belongs to the genus Potexvirus in the family Alphaflexiviridae of the order Tymovirales. VIRION AND GENOME PROPERTIES Plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) has flexuous virions of approximately 490-530 nm in length and 10-15 nm in width. The genome of PlAMV consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of approximately 6.13 kb. It contains five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5), encoding a putative viral polymerase (RdRp), movement proteins (triple gene block proteins, TGBp1-3), and coat protein (CP), respectively. HOST RANGE PlAMV has an exceptionally wide host range and has been isolated from various wild plants, including Plantago asiatica, Nandina domestica, Rehmannia glutinosa, and other weed plants. Experimentally PlAMV can infect many plant species including Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana. It also infects ornamental lilies and frequently causes severe necrotic symptoms. However, host range varies depending on isolates, which show significant biological diversity within the species. GENOME DIVERSITY PlAMV can be separated into five clades based on phylogenetic analyses; nucleotide identities are significantly low between isolates in the different clades. TRANSMISSION PlAMV is not reported to be transmitted by biological vectors. Virions of PlAMV are quite stable and it can be transmitted efficiently by mechanical contact. DISEASE SYMPTOMS PlAMV causes red-rusted systemic necrosis in ornamental lilies, but it shows much weaker, if any, symptoms in wild plants such as P. asiatica. CONTROL Control of the disease caused by PlAMV is based mainly on rapid diagnosis and elimination of the infected bulbs or plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Komatsu
- Graduate School of AgricultureTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT)FuchuJapan
| | - John Hammond
- US Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service (USDA‐ARS)BeltsvilleMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tseng YH, Scholz SS, Fliegmann J, Krüger T, Gandhi A, Furch ACU, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Oelmüller R. CORK1, A LRR-Malectin Receptor Kinase, Is Required for Cellooligomer-Induced Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192960. [PMID: 36230919 PMCID: PMC9563578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance is central for plant cells. Mechanical and chemical distortions, pH changes, and breakdown products of cell wall polysaccharides activate plasma membrane-localized receptors and induce appropriate downstream responses. Microbial interactions alter or destroy the structure of the plant cell wall, connecting CWI maintenance to immune responses. Cellulose is the major polysaccharide in the primary and secondary cell wall. Its breakdown generates short-chain cellooligomers that induce Ca2+-dependent CWI responses. We show that these responses require the malectin domain-containing CELLOOLIGOMER-RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (CORK1) in Arabidopsis and are preferentially activated by cellotriose (CT). CORK1 is required for cellooligomer-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, cellulose synthase phosphorylation, and the regulation of CWI-related genes, including those involved in biosynthesis of cell wall material, secondary metabolites and tryptophan. Phosphoproteome analyses identified early targets involved in signaling, cellulose synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi secretory pathway, cell wall repair and immune responses. Two conserved phenylalanine residues in the malectin domain are crucial for CORK1 function. We propose that CORK1 is required for CWI and immune responses activated by cellulose breakdown products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C. U. Furch
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz-HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Short 5' Untranslated Region Enables Optimal Translation of Plant Virus Tricistronic RNA via Leaky Scanning. J Virol 2022; 96:e0214421. [PMID: 35262378 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02144-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the general model of translation in eukaryotic cells, a number of studies suggested that many mRNAs encode multiple proteins. Leaky scanning, which supplies ribosomes to downstream open reading frames (ORFs) by readthrough of upstream ORFs, has great potential to translate polycistronic mRNAs. However, the mRNA elements controlling leaky scanning and their biological relevance have rarely been elucidated, with exceptions such as the Kozak sequence. Here, we have analyzed the strategy of a plant RNA virus to translate three movement proteins from a single RNA molecule through leaky scanning. The in planta and in vitro results indicate thatthe significantly shorter 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the most upstream ORF promotes leaky scanning, potentially fine-tuning the translation efficiency of the three proteins in a single RNA molecule to optimize viral propagation. Our results suggest that the remarkably short length of the leader sequence, like the Kozak sequence, is a translational regulatory element with a biologically important role, as previous studies have shown biochemically. IMPORTANCE Potexvirus, a group of plant viruses, infect a variety of crops, including cultivated crops. It has been thought that the three transition proteins that are essential for the cell-to-cell transfer of potexviruses are translated from two subgenomic RNAs, sgRNA1 and sgRNA2. However, sgRNA2 has not been clearly detected. In this study, we have shown that sgRNA1, but not sgRNA2, is the major translation template for the three movement proteins. In addition, we determined the transcription start site of sgRNA1 in flexiviruses and found that the efficiency of leaky scanning caused by the short 5' UTR of sgRNA1, a widely conserved feature, regulates the translation of the three movement proteins. When we tested the infection of viruses with mutations introduced into the length of the 5' UTR, we found that the movement efficiency of the virus was affected. Our results provide important additional information on the protein translation strategy of flexiviruses, including Potexvirus, and provide a basis for research on their control as well as the need to reevaluate the short 5' UTR as a translational regulatory element with an important role in vivo.
Collapse
|
12
|
Allen JR, Wilkinson EG, Strader LC. Creativity comes from interactions: modules of protein interactions in plants. FEBS J 2022; 289:1492-1514. [PMID: 33774929 PMCID: PMC8476656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein interactions are the foundation of cell biology. For robust signal transduction to occur, proteins interact selectively and modulate their behavior to direct specific biological outcomes. Frequently, modular protein interaction domains are central to these processes. Some of these domains bind proteins bearing post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, whereas other domains recognize and bind to specific amino acid motifs. Other modules act as diverse protein interaction scaffolds or can be multifunctional, forming head-to-head homodimers and binding specific peptide sequences or membrane phospholipids. Additionally, the so-called head-to-tail oligomerization domains (SAM, DIX, and PB1) can form extended polymers to regulate diverse aspects of biology. Although the mechanism and structures of these domains are diverse, they are united by their modularity. Together, these domains are versatile and facilitate the evolution of complex protein interaction networks. In this review, we will highlight the role of select modular protein interaction domains in various aspects of plant biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Allen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology (CEMB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Edward G. Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology (CEMB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lucia C. Strader
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Science and Engineering of Living Systems (CSELS), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology (CEMB), Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen R, Tu Z, He C, Nie X, Li K, Fei S, Song B, Nie B, Xie C. Susceptibility factor StEXA1 interacts with StnCBP to facilitate potato virus Y accumulation through the stress granule-dependent RNA regulatory pathway in potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac159. [PMID: 36204208 PMCID: PMC9531334 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses recruit multiple host factors for translation, replication, and movement in the infection process. The loss-of-function mutation of the susceptibility genes will lead to the loss of susceptibility to viruses, which is referred to as 'recessive resistance'. Essential for potexvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) has been identified as a susceptibility gene required for potexvirus, lolavirus, and bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In this study, EXA1 knockdown in potato (StEXA1) was found to confer novel resistance to potato virus Y (PVY, potyvirus) in a strain-specific manner. It significantly compromised PVYO accumulation but not PVYN:O and PVYNTN. Further analysis revealed that StEXA1 is associated with the HC-Pro of PVY through a member of eIF4Es (StnCBP). HC-ProO and HC-ProN, two HC-Pro proteins from PVYO and PVYN, exhibited strong and weak interactions with StnCBP, respectively, due to their different spatial conformation. Moreover, the accumulation of PVYO was mainly dependent on the stress granules (SGs) induced by StEXA1 and StnCBP, whereas PVYN:O and PVYNTN could induce SGs by HC-ProN independently through an unknown mechanism. These results could explain why StEXA1 or StnCBP knockdown conferred resistance to PVYO but not to PVYN:O and PVYNTN. In summary, our results for the first time demonstrate that EXA1 can act as a susceptibility gene for PVY infection. Finally, a hypothetical model was proposed for understanding the mechanism by which StEXA1 interacts with StnCBP to facilitate PVY accumulation in potato through the SG-dependent RNA regulatory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- ERC for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changzheng He
- ERC for Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xianzhou Nie
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 4Z7,
Canada
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sitian Fei
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Conghua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (HZAU), Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Akhter MS, Nakahara KS, Masuta C. Resistance induction based on the understanding of molecular interactions between plant viruses and host plants. Virol J 2021; 18:176. [PMID: 34454519 PMCID: PMC8400904 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases cause significant damage to crop yield and quality. While fungi- and bacteria-induced diseases can be controlled by pesticides, no effective approaches are available to control viruses with chemicals as they use the cellular functions of their host for their infection cycle. The conventional method of viral disease control is to use the inherent resistance of plants through breeding. However, the genetic sources of viral resistance are often limited. Recently, genome editing technology enabled the publication of multiple attempts to artificially induce new resistance types by manipulating host factors necessary for viral infection. MAIN BODY In this review, we first outline the two major (R gene-mediated and RNA silencing) viral resistance mechanisms in plants. We also explain the phenomenon of mutations of host factors to function as recessive resistance genes, taking the eIF4E genes as examples. We then focus on a new type of virus resistance that has been repeatedly reported recently due to the widespread use of genome editing technology in plants, facilitating the specific knockdown of host factors. Here, we show that (1) an in-frame mutation of host factors necessary to confer viral resistance, sometimes resulting in resistance to different viruses and that (2) certain host factors exhibit antiviral resistance and viral-supporting (proviral) properties. CONCLUSION A detailed understanding of the host factor functions would enable the development of strategies for the induction of a new type of viral resistance, taking into account the provision of a broad resistance spectrum and the suppression of the appearance of resistance-breaking strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Akhter
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Kenji S Nakahara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scheer H, de Almeida C, Ferrier E, Simonnot Q, Poirier L, Pflieger D, Sement FM, Koechler S, Piermaria C, Krawczyk P, Mroczek S, Chicher J, Kuhn L, Dziembowski A, Hammann P, Zuber H, Gagliardi D. The TUTase URT1 connects decapping activators and prevents the accumulation of excessively deadenylated mRNAs to avoid siRNA biogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1298. [PMID: 33637717 PMCID: PMC7910438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uridylation is a widespread modification destabilizing eukaryotic mRNAs. Yet, molecular mechanisms underlying TUTase-mediated mRNA degradation remain mostly unresolved. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis TUTase URT1 participates in a molecular network connecting several translational repressors/decapping activators. URT1 directly interacts with DECAPPING 5 (DCP5), the Arabidopsis ortholog of human LSM14 and yeast Scd6, and this interaction connects URT1 to additional decay factors like DDX6/Dhh1-like RNA helicases. Nanopore direct RNA sequencing reveals a global role of URT1 in shaping poly(A) tail length, notably by preventing the accumulation of excessively deadenylated mRNAs. Based on in vitro and in planta data, we propose a model that explains how URT1 could reduce the accumulation of oligo(A)-tailed mRNAs both by favoring their degradation and because 3' terminal uridines intrinsically hinder deadenylation. Importantly, preventing the accumulation of excessively deadenylated mRNAs avoids the biogenesis of illegitimate siRNAs that silence endogenous mRNAs and perturb Arabidopsis growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Scheer
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline de Almeida
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Ferrier
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Simonnot
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Poirier
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Pflieger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - François M Sement
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Koechler
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christina Piermaria
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seweryn Mroczek
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johana Chicher
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lauriane Kuhn
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Zuber
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Dominique Gagliardi
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shahid MS, Sattar MN, Iqbal Z, Raza A, Al-Sadi AM. Next-Generation Sequencing and the CRISPR-Cas Nexus: A Molecular Plant Virology Perspective. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:609376. [PMID: 33584572 PMCID: PMC7874184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.609376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and contemporary Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) technologies have revolutionized the life sciences and the field of plant virology. Both these technologies offer an unparalleled platform for sequencing and deciphering viral metagenomes promptly. Over the past two decades, NGS technologies have improved enormously and have impacted plant virology. NGS has enabled the detection of plant viruses that were previously undetectable by conventional approaches, such as quarantine and archeological plant samples, and has helped to track the evolutionary footprints of viral pathogens. The CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing (GE) and detection techniques have enabled the development of effective approaches to virus resistance. Different versions of CRISPR-Cas have been employed to successfully confer resistance against diverse plant viruses by directly targeting the virus genome or indirectly editing certain host susceptibility factors. Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems include targeted insertion and/or deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, induction/expression/repression of the gene(s), epigenome re-modeling, and SNPs detection. The CRISPR-Cas toolbox has been equipped with precision GE tools to engineer the target genome with and without double-stranded (ds) breaks or donor templates. This technique has also enabled the generation of transgene-free genetically engineered plants, DNA repair, base substitution, prime editing, detection of small molecules, and biosensing in plant virology. This review discusses the utilities, advantages, applications, bottlenecks of NGS, and CRISPR-Cas in plant virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Raza
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alternative splicing and duplication of PI-like genes in maize. Gene 2020; 769:145064. [PMID: 32891770 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing and duplication provide the possibility of functional divergence of MADS-box genes. Compared with its Arabidopsis counterpart PI gene, Zmm16 in maize recruits a new role in carpel abortion and floral asymmetry, whereas the other two duplicated genes, Zmm18/29, have not yet been attributed to any function in flower development as a typical B class gene does. Here, alternatively spliced transcripts of three PIL genes were analyzed, among which we described the candidate functional isoforms and analyzed the potential effects of alternative splicing (AS) on protein-protein interactions as well, then their phylogenetic relationships with orthologs in typical grasses were further analyzed. Furthermore, we compared the cis-acting elements specific for three maize PIL genes, especially the elements related to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and gibberellic acid (GA), both hormones involved in the sex-determination process in maize. Together with the results from the co-expression networks during reproductive organ development, we speculated that, due to duplication and alternative splicing, Zmm18/29 may play a role in GA- and MeJA-related developmental process. These results provide novel clues for experimental validation of the evolutional meaning of maize PIL genes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brosseau C, Bolaji A, Roussin-Léveillée C, Zhao Z, Biga S, Moffett P. Natural variation in the Arabidopsis AGO2 gene is associated with susceptibility to potato virus X. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:866-878. [PMID: 31880814 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA silencing functions as an anti-viral defence in plants through the action of DICER-like (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. Despite the importance of this mechanism, little is known about the functional consequences of variation in genes encoding RNA silencing components. The AGO2 protein has been shown to be important for defense against multiple viruses, and we investigated how naturally occurring differences in AGO2 between and within species affects its antiviral activities. We find that the AGO2 protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, but not Nicotiana benthamiana, effectively limits potato virus X (PVX). Consistent with this, we find that the A. thaliana AGO2 gene shows a high incidence of polymorphisms between accessions, with evidence of selective pressure. Using functional analyses, we identify polymorphisms that specifically affect AGO2 antiviral activity, without interfering with other AGO2-associated functions such as anti-bacterial resistance or DNA methylation. Our results suggest that viruses adapt to overcome RNA silencing in their hosts. Furthermore, they indicate that plant-virus interactions have influenced natural variation in RNA-silencing components and that the latter may be a source of genetically encoded virus resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Brosseau
- Département de Biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Ayooluwa Bolaji
- Département de Biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Zhenxing Zhao
- Département de Biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sébastien Biga
- Département de Biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Peter Moffett
- Département de Biologie, Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Plant viruses use numerous host factors for efficient replication of the viral genome. Protoplasts, plant cells from which cell walls are removed, are the useful system to analyze the virus translation and replication in vivo. Here, we report a protocol for preparation of protoplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and transfection of plasmids to the protoplasts. Protoplasts isolated from the loss-of-function mutant of viral host factor(s) would be helpful to analyze the function of host factors in virus infection cycles.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yusa A, Neriya Y, Hashimoto M, Yoshida T, Fujimoto Y, Hosoe N, Keima T, Tokumaru K, Maejima K, Netsu O, Yamaji Y, Namba S. Functional conservation of EXA1 among diverse plant species for the infection by a family of plant viruses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5958. [PMID: 30976020 PMCID: PMC6459814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the propagation of plant viruses depends on various host susceptibility factors, deficiency in them can prevent viral infection in cultivated and model plants. Recently, we identified the susceptibility factor Essential for poteXvirus Accumulation 1 (EXA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, and revealed that EXA1-mediated resistance was effective against three potexviruses. Although EXA1 homolog genes are found in tomato and rice, little is known about which viruses depend on EXA1 for their infection capability and whether the function of EXA1 homologs in viral infection is conserved across multiple plant species, including crops. To address these questions, we generated knockdown mutants using virus-induced gene silencing in two Solanaceae species, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. In N. benthamiana, silencing of an EXA1 homolog significantly compromised the accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, a close relative of potexviruses, whereas transient expression of EXA1 homologs from tomato and rice complemented viral infection. EXA1 dependency for potexviral infection was also conserved in tomato. These results indicate that EXA1 is necessary for effective accumulation of potexviruses and a lolavirus, and that the function of EXA1 in viral infection is conserved among diverse plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yusa
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Mine-machi 350, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-8505, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yoshida
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoi Hosoe
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Keima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kai Tokumaru
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kensaku Maejima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Osamu Netsu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schmitt-Keichinger C. Manipulating Cellular Factors to Combat Viruses: A Case Study From the Plant Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors eIF4. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30804892 PMCID: PMC6370628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes conferring resistance to plant viruses fall in two categories; the dominant genes that mostly code for proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR), and that directly or indirectly, recognize viral avirulence factors (Avr), and the recessive genes. The latter provide a so-called recessive resistance. They represent roughly half of the known resistance genes and are alleles of genes that play an important role in the virus life cycle. Conversely, all cellular genes critical for the viral infection virtually represent recessive resistance genes. Based on the well-documented case of recessive resistance mediated by eukaryotic translation initiation factors of the 4E/4G family, this review is intended to summarize the possible approaches to control viruses via their host interactors. Classically, resistant crops have been developed through introgression of natural variants of the susceptibility factor from compatible relatives or by random mutagenesis and screening. Transgenic methods have also been applied to engineer improved crops by overexpressing the translation factor either in its natural form or after directed mutagenesis. More recently, innovative approaches like silencing or genome editing have proven their great potential in model and crop plants. The advantages and limits of these different strategies are discussed. This example illustrates the need to identify and characterize more host factors involved in virus multiplication and to assess their application potential in the control of viral diseases.
Collapse
|
22
|
Role of the Genetic Background in Resistance to Plant Viruses. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102856. [PMID: 30241370 PMCID: PMC6213453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of major economic problems caused by viruses, the development of genetically resistant crops is critical for breeders but remains limited by the evolution of resistance-breaking virus mutants. During the plant breeding process, the introgression of traits from Crop Wild Relatives results in a dramatic change of the genetic background that can alter the resistance efficiency or durability. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis on 19 Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) studies of resistance to viruses in plants. Frequent epistatic effects between resistance genes indicate that a large part of the resistance phenotype, conferred by a given QTL, depends on the genetic background. We next reviewed the different resistance mechanisms in plants to survey at which stage the genetic background could impact resistance or durability. We propose that the genetic background may impair effector-triggered dominant resistances at several stages by tinkering the NB-LRR (Nucleotide Binding-Leucine-Rich Repeats) response pathway. In contrast, effects on recessive resistances by loss-of-susceptibility-such as eIF4E-based resistances-are more likely to rely on gene redundancy among the multigene family of host susceptibility factors. Finally, we show how the genetic background is likely to shape the evolution of resistance-breaking isolates and propose how to take this into account in order to breed plants with increased resistance durability to viruses.
Collapse
|
23
|
Garcia-Ruiz H. Susceptibility Genes to Plant Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E484. [PMID: 30201857 PMCID: PMC6164914 DOI: 10.3390/v10090484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses use cellular factors and resources to replicate and move. Plants respond to viral infection by several mechanisms, including innate immunity, autophagy, and gene silencing, that viruses must evade or suppress. Thus, the establishment of infection is genetically determined by the availability of host factors necessary for virus replication and movement and by the balance between plant defense and viral suppression of defense responses. Host factors may have antiviral or proviral activities. Proviral factors condition susceptibility to viruses by participating in processes essential to the virus. Here, we review current advances in the identification and characterization of host factors that condition susceptibility to plant viruses. Host factors with proviral activity have been identified for all parts of the virus infection cycle: viral RNA translation, viral replication complex formation, accumulation or activity of virus replication proteins, virus movement, and virion assembly. These factors could be targets of gene editing to engineer resistance to plant viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Nebraska Center for Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Matsui H, Nomura Y, Egusa M, Hamada T, Hyon GS, Kaminaka H, Watanabe Y, Ueda T, Trujillo M, Shirasu K, Nakagami H. The GYF domain protein PSIG1 dampens the induction of cell death during plant-pathogen interactions. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007037. [PMID: 29073135 PMCID: PMC5657617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of rapid cell death is an effective strategy for plants to restrict biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens at the infection site. However, activation of cell death comes at a high cost, as dead cells will no longer be available for defense responses nor general metabolic processes. In addition, necrotrophic pathogens that thrive on dead tissue, take advantage of cell death-triggering mechanisms. Mechanisms by which plants solve this conundrum remain described. Here, we identify PLANT SMY2-TYPE ILE-GYF DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN 1 (PSIG1) and show that PSIG1 helps to restrict cell death induction during pathogen infection. Inactivation of PSIG1 does not result in spontaneous lesions, and enhanced cell death in psig1 mutants is independent of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis or reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, PSIG1 interacts with SMG7, which plays a role in nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD), and the smg7-4 mutant allele mimics the cell death phenotype of the psig1 mutants. Intriguingly, the psig1 mutants display enhanced susceptibility to the hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen. These findings point to the existence and importance of the SA- and ROS-independent cell death constraining mechanism as a part of the plant immune system. Programmed cell death (PCD) has crucial roles in development and immunity in multicellular organisms. In plants, rapid PCD induction, so-called hypersensitive response (HR) cell death, can be triggered as a part of immune system, and plays an important role in restricting pathogen growth. Despite its importance, cell death induction can backfire on plants because of the diversified infection strategies of plant pathogens. It is therefore assumed that plants have mechanisms by which they are able to minimize PCD induction during plant-pathogen interactions. However, their existence and biological significance are not clear yet. Here, we demonstrate that PSIG1, which has the GYF domain that is highly conserved among diverse eukaryotic species, restricts cell death induction during pathogen invasions. Importantly, psig1 mutants do not display autoimmune phenotypes, and are more susceptible to the virulent bacterial pathogen. Our findings suggest that the restriction of cell death can have benefits for plants to defend themselves against hemi-biotrophic bacterial pathogen infections. We further provide evidence suggesting a mechanism by which PSIG1 may contain cell death by regulating the RNA metabolism machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Matsui
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Nomura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egusa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gang-Su Hyon
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu Z, Huang S, Zhang X, Wu D, Xia S, Li X. Regulation of plant immune receptor accumulation through translational repression by a glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain protein. eLife 2017; 6:e23684. [PMID: 28362261 PMCID: PMC5403212 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant immunity is tightly regulated to ensure proper defense against surrounding microbial pathogens without triggering autoimmunity, which negatively impacts plant growth and development. Immune receptor levels are intricately controlled by RNA processing and post-translational modification events, such as ubiquitination. It remains unknown whether, and if yes, how, plant immune receptor homeostasis is regulated at the translational level. From a mutant, snc1-enhancing (muse) forward genetic screen, we identified MUSE11/EXA1, which negatively regulates nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor mediated defence. EXA1 contains an evolutionarily conserved glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine (GYF) domain that binds proline-rich sequences. Genetic and biochemical analysis revealed that loss of EXA1 leads to heightened NLR accumulation and enhanced resistance against virulent pathogens. EXA1 also associates with eIF4E initiation factors and the ribosome complex, likely contributing to the proper translation of target proteins. In summary, our study reveals a previously unknown mechanism of regulating NLR homeostasis through translational repression by a GYF protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshou Wu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shuai Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shitou Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hashimoto M, Neriya Y, Yamaji Y, Namba S. Recessive Resistance to Plant Viruses: Potential Resistance Genes Beyond Translation Initiation Factors. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1695. [PMID: 27833593 PMCID: PMC5080351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of plant viruses to propagate their genomes in host cells depends on many host factors. In the absence of an agrochemical that specifically targets plant viral infection cycles, one of the most effective methods for controlling viral diseases in plants is taking advantage of the host plant’s resistance machinery. Recessive resistance is conferred by a recessive gene mutation that encodes a host factor critical for viral infection. It is a branch of the resistance machinery and, as an inherited characteristic, is very durable. Moreover, recessive resistance may be acquired by a deficiency in a negative regulator of plant defense responses, possibly due to the autoactivation of defense signaling. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4E and eIF4G and their isoforms are the most widely exploited recessive resistance genes in several crop species, and they are effective against a subset of viral species. However, the establishment of efficient, recessive resistance-type antiviral control strategies against a wider range of plant viral diseases requires genetic resources other than eIF4Es. In this review, we focus on recent advances related to antiviral recessive resistance genes evaluated in model plants and several crop species. We also address the roles of next-generation sequencing and genome editing technologies in improving plant genetic resources for recessive resistance-based antiviral breeding in various crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|