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Prusty A, Mehra P, Sharma S, Malik N, Agarwal P, Parida SK, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK. OsMED14_2, a tail module subunit of Mediator complex, controls rice development and involves jasmonic acid. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112146. [PMID: 38848769 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The Mediator complex is essential for eukaryotic transcription, yet its role and the function of its individual subunits in plants, especially in rice, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the function of OsMED14_2, a subunit of the Mediator tail module, in rice development. Overexpression and knockout of OsMED14_2 resulted in notable changes in panicle morphology and grain size. Microscopic analysis revealed impact of overexpression on pollen maturation, reflected by reduced viability, irregular shapes, and aberrant intine development. OsMED14_2 was found to interact with proteins involved in pollen development, namely, OsMADS62, OsMADS63 and OsMADS68, and its overexpression negatively affected the expression of OsMADS68 and the expression of other genes involved in intine development, including OsCAP1, OsGCD1, OsRIP1, and OsCPK29. Additionally, we found that OsMED14_2 overexpression influences jasmonic acid (JA) homeostasis, affecting bioactive JA levels, and expression of OsJAZ genes. Our data suggest OsMED14_2 may act as a regulator of JA-responsive genes through its interactions with OsHDAC6 and OsJAZ repressors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the Mediator complex's role in plant traits regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Poonam Mehra
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India; Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India.
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Mohanty JK, Thakro V, Yadav A, Nayyar H, Dixit GP, Agarwal P, Parida SK, Jha UC. Delineation of genes for a major QTL governing heat stress tolerance in chickpea. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:19. [PMID: 38363401 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a cool season grain legume experiencing severe yield loss during heat stress due to the intensifying climate changes and its associated gradual increase of mean temperature. Hence, understanding the genetic architecture regulating heat stress tolerance has emerged as an important trait to be addressed for enhancing yield and productivity of chickpea under heat stress. The present study is intended to identify the major genomic region(s) governing heat stress tolerance in chickpea. For this, an integrated genomics-assisted breeding strategy involving NGS-based high-resolution QTL-seq assay, QTL region-specific association analysis and molecular haplotyping was deployed in a population of 206 mapping individuals and a diversity panel of 217 germplasm accessions of chickpea. This combinatorial strategy delineated a major 156.8 kb QTL genomic region, which was subsequently narrowed-down to a functional candidate gene CaHSFA5 and its natural alleles associated strongly with heat stress tolerance in chickpea. Superior natural alleles and haplotypes delineated from the CaHSFA5 gene have functional significance in regulating heat stress tolerance in chickpea. Histochemical staining, interaction studies along with differential expression profiling of CaHSFA5 and ROS scavenging genes suggest a cross talk between CaHSFA5 with ROS homeostasis pertaining to heat stress tolerance in chickpea. Heterologous gene expression followed by heat stress screening further validated the functional significance of CaHSFA5 for heat stress tolerance. The salient outcomes obtained here can have potential to accelerate multiple translational genomic analysis including marker-assisted breeding and gene editing in order to develop high-yielding heat stress tolerant chickpea varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra K Mohanty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Virevol Thakro
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Antima Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Girish P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208024, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Uday Chand Jha
- Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Uttar Pradesh, Kanpur, 208024, India.
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Gunasekaran A, Seshadri G, Ramasamy S, Muthurajan R, Karuppasamy KS. Identification of Newer Stable Genetic Sources for High Grain Number per Panicle and Understanding the Gene Action for Important Panicle Traits in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:250. [PMID: 36678963 PMCID: PMC9860970 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop extensively cultivated worldwide, and rice's grain yield should be improved to meet future food demand. Grain number per panicle is the main trait that determines the grain yield in rice, and other panicle-related traits influence the grain number. To study the genetic diversity, 50 diverse Indian-origin germplasm were evaluated for grain number per panicle and other panicle traits for two consecutive seasons (Rabi 2019 and Kharif 2020). The maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was obtained for the number of spikelets and filled grains per panicle. The genotypes were grouped into eight clusters with Mahalanobis' D2 analysis and six groups using Principal component analysis. Based on, per se, performance for grain number per panicle and genetic distances, six parents were selected and subjected to full diallel mating. The genotypes CB12132, IET 28749, and BPT 5204 were the best general combiners for the number of filled grains per panicle and other panicle branching traits, viz., the number of primary and secondary branches per panicle. The hybrid BPT 5204 × CB 12132 identified as the best specific combination for most of the studied panicle traits. The additive gene effects were high for the number of filled grains per panicle, the number of primary branches, and secondary branches, whereas non-additive gene action was high for the number of productive tillers and grain yield per plant. The information obtained from this study will be useful in rice breeding programs to improve panicle traits, especially the grain number, which would result in higher grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariharasutharsan Gunasekaran
- Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Geetha Seshadri
- Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Department of Pulses, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Saraswathi Ramasamy
- Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Department of Plant Genetic Resources, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
| | - Krishna Surendar Karuppasamy
- Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625104, India
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Narawatthana S, Phansenee Y, Thammasamisorn BO, Vejchasarn P. Multi-model genome-wide association studies of leaf anatomical traits and vein architecture in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1107718. [PMID: 37123816 PMCID: PMC10130391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1107718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The anatomy of rice leaves is closely related to photosynthesis and grain yield. Therefore, exploring insight into the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and alleles related to rice flag leaf anatomical and vein traits is vital for rice improvement. Methods Here, we aimed to explore the genetic architecture of eight flag leaf traits using one single-locus model; mixed-linear model (MLM), and two multi-locus models; fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) and Bayesian information and linkage disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK). We performed multi-model GWAS using 329 rice accessions of RDP1 with 700K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. Results The phenotypic correlation results indicated that rice flag leaf thickness was strongly correlated with leaf mesophyll cells layer (ML) and thickness of both major and minor veins. All three models were able to identify several significant loci associated with the traits. MLM identified three non-synonymous SNPs near NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) in association with ML and the distance between minor veins (IVD) traits. Discussion Several numbers of significant SNPs associated with known gene function in leaf development and yield traits were detected by multi-model GWAS performed in this study. Our findings indicate that flag leaf traits could be improved via molecular breeding and can be one of the targets in high-yield rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatthra Narawatthana
- Rice Department, Thailand Rice Science Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Suphan Buri, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Supatthra Narawatthana,
| | - Yotwarit Phansenee
- Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Bang-On Thammasamisorn
- Rice Department, Thailand Rice Science Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Suphan Buri, Thailand
| | - Phanchita Vejchasarn
- Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC), Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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Chun Y, Kumar A, Li X. Genetic and molecular pathways controlling rice inflorescence architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010138. [PMID: 36247571 PMCID: PMC9554555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice inflorescence is one of the major organs in determining grain yield. The genetic and molecular regulation on rice inflorescence architecture has been well investigated over the past years. In the present review, we described genes regulating rice inflorescence architecture based on their roles in meristem activity maintenance, meristem identity conversion and branch elongation. We also introduced the emerging regulatory pathways of phytohormones involved in rice inflorescence development. These studies show the intricacies and challenges of manipulating inflorescence architecture for rice yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ashmit Kumar
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, Nausori, Fiji
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bretani G, Shaaf S, Tondelli A, Cattivelli L, Delbono S, Waugh R, Thomas W, Russell J, Bull H, Igartua E, Casas AM, Gracia P, Rossi R, Schulman AH, Rossini L. Multi-environment genome -wide association mapping of culm morphology traits in barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926277. [PMID: 36212331 PMCID: PMC9539552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In cereals with hollow internodes, lodging resistance is influenced by morphological characteristics such as internode diameter and culm wall thickness. Despite their relevance, knowledge of the genetic control of these traits and their relationship with lodging is lacking in temperate cereals such as barley. To fill this gap, we developed an image analysis-based protocol to accurately phenotype culm diameters and culm wall thickness across 261 barley accessions. Analysis of culm trait data collected from field trials in seven different environments revealed high heritability values (>50%) for most traits except thickness and stiffness, as well as genotype-by-environment interactions. The collection was structured mainly according to row-type, which had a confounding effect on culm traits as evidenced by phenotypic correlations. Within both row-type subsets, outer diameter and section modulus showed significant negative correlations with lodging (<-0.52 and <-0.45, respectively), but no correlation with plant height, indicating the possibility of improving lodging resistance independent of plant height. Using 50k iSelect SNP genotyping data, we conducted multi-environment genome-wide association studies using mixed model approach across the whole panel and row-type subsets: we identified a total of 192 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the studied traits, including subpopulation-specific QTLs and 21 main effect loci for culm diameter and/or section modulus showing effects on lodging without impacting plant height. Providing insights into the genetic architecture of culm morphology in barley and the possible role of candidate genes involved in hormone and cell wall-related pathways, this work supports the potential of loci underpinning culm features to improve lodging resistance and increase barley yield stability under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bretani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salar Shaaf
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tondelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Stefano Delbono
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Robbie Waugh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - William Thomas
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Russell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Bull
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ernesto Igartua
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Casas
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Gracia
- Aula Dei Experimental Station (EEAD-CSIC), Spanish Research Council, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- Viikki Plant Sciences Centre, Natural Resources Institue (LUKE), HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Rossini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Agrawal R, Sharma M, Dwivedi N, Maji S, Thakur P, Junaid A, Fajkus J, Laxmi A, Thakur JK. MEDIATOR SUBUNIT17 integrates jasmonate and auxin signaling pathways to regulate thermomorphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2259-2280. [PMID: 35567489 PMCID: PMC9342970 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant adjustment to environmental changes involves complex crosstalk between extrinsic and intrinsic cues. In the past two decades, extensive research has elucidated the key roles of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and the phytohormone auxin in thermomorphogenesis. In this study, we identified a previously unexplored role of jasmonate (JA) signaling components, the Mediator complex, and their integration with auxin signaling during thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Warm temperature induces expression of JA signaling genes including MYC2, but, surprisingly, this transcriptional activation is not JA dependent. Warm temperature also promotes accumulation of the JA signaling receptor CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) and degradation of the JA signaling repressor JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN9, which probably leads to de-repression of MYC2, enabling it to contribute to the expression of MEDIATOR SUBUNIT17 (MED17). In response to warm temperature, MED17 occupies the promoters of thermosensory genes including PIF4, YUCCA8 (YUC8), INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE19 (IAA19), and IAA29. Moreover, MED17 facilitates enrichment of H3K4me3 on the promoters of PIF4, YUC8, IAA19, and IAA29 genes. Interestingly, both occupancy of MED17 and enrichment of H3K4me3 on these thermomorphogenesis-related promoters are dependent on PIF4 (or PIFs). Altered accumulation of COI1 under warm temperature in the med17 mutant suggests the possibility of a feedback mechanism. Overall, this study reveals the role of the Mediator complex as an integrator of JA and auxin signaling pathways during thermomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Agrawal
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- Signalling Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Dwivedi
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sourobh Maji
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pallabi Thakur
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alim Junaid
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- Signalling Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
- Plant Transcription Regulation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
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Busta L, Dweikat I, Sato SJ, Qu H, Xue Y, Zhou B, Gan L, Yu B, Clemente TE, Cahoon EB, Zhang C. Chemical and genetic variation in feral Cannabis sativa populations across the Nebraska climate gradient. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113206. [PMID: 35436478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a versatile crop that can be cultivated for fiber, seed, or phytochemicals. To take advantage of this versatility and the potential of Cannabis as a feedstock for the bioeconomy, genomics-enabled breeding programs must be strengthened and expanded. This work contributes to the foundation for such by investigating the phytochemistry and genomics of feral Cannabis populations collected from seventeen counties across the climate gradient of Nebraska. Flower tissue from male and female plants (28 total) was studied using (i) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to assess cannabinoid profiles and (ii) RNA sequencing to determine transcript abundances. Both male and female flower tissues produced cannabinoids, and, though the compounds were more abundant in female flower tissue, the primary cannabinoid in both was usually cannabidiol. The expression of genes that mediate early steps on the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated in female relative to male flowers, suggesting that female versus male flower tissue cannabinoid abundance may be controlled at least in part at the transcriptional level. DNA sequencing was used to place feral Cannabis plants from Nebraska into a previously described genomic context, revealing that all the plants studied here are much more similar to previously characterized hemp-type Cannabis plants than to drug-type Cannabis plants, at least at the genetic level. This work provides foundational phytochemical knowledge and a large set of high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism markers for future studies of feral Nebraska Cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Busta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ismail Dweikat
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Shirley J Sato
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Haolin Qu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Yong Xue
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Bangjun Zhou
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Lu Gan
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Thomas E Clemente
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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Ranjan R, Malik N, Sharma S, Agarwal P, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK. OsCPK29 interacts with MADS68 to regulate pollen development in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111297. [PMID: 35696904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development and its germination are obligatory for the reproductive success of flowering plants. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs, also known as CDPKs) regulate diverse signaling pathways controlling plant growth and development. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel OsCPK29 from rice, which is mainly expressed during pollen maturation stages of the anther. OsCPK29 exclusively localizes in the nucleus, and its N-terminal variable domain is responsible for retaining it in the nucleus. OsCPK29 knockdown rice plants exhibit reduced fertility, set fewer seeds, and produce collapsed non-viable pollen grains that do not germinate. Cytological analysis of anther semi-thin sections during different developmental stages suggested that pollen abnormalities appear after the vacuolated pollen stage. Detailed microscopic study of pollen grains further revealed that they were lacking the functional intine layer although exine layer was present. Consistent with that, downregulation of known intine development-related rice genes was also observed in OsCPK29 silenced anthers. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that OsCPK29 interacts in vitro as well as in vivo with the MADS68 transcription factor which is a known regulator of pollen development. Therefore, phenotypic observations and molecular studies suggest that OsCPK29 is an important regulator of pollen development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi 110067, India; Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus (UDSC), New Delhi 110021, India.
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10
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Khan MSS, Islam F, Chen H, Chang M, Wang D, Liu F, Fu ZQ, Chen J. Transcriptional Coactivators: Driving Force of Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823937. [PMID: 35154230 PMCID: PMC8831314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense signal that mediates local and systemic immune responses against pathogen invasion. However, the underlying mechanism of SA-mediated defense is very complex due to the involvement of various positive and negative regulators to fine-tune its signaling in diverse pathosystems. Upon pathogen infections, elevated level of SA promotes massive transcriptional reprogramming in which Non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) acts as a central hub and transcriptional coactivator in defense responses. Recent findings show that Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) also functions as a transcriptional coactivator and stimulates the expression of PR1 in the presence of NPR1 and SA. Furthermore, EDS1 stabilizes NPR1 protein level, while NPR1 sustains EDS1 expression during pathogenic infection. The interaction of NPR1 and EDS1 coactivators initiates transcriptional reprogramming by recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase 8 in the Mediator complex to control immune responses. In this review, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that considerably advance our understanding on how transcriptional coactivators interact with their functional partners to trigger distinct pathways to facilitate immune responses, and how SA accumulation induces dynamic changes in NPR1 structure for transcriptional reprogramming. In addition, the functions of different Mediator subunits in SA-mediated plant immunity are also discussed in light of recent discoveries. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that transcriptional coactivators are essential and potent regulators of plant defense pathways and play crucial roles in coordinating plant immune responses during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ming Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Plant Health, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengquan Liu,
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Zheng Qing Fu,
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jian Chen,
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11
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Jiang J, Yang G, Xin Y, Wang Z, Yan W, Chen Z, Tang X, Xia J. Overexpression of OsMed16 Inhibits the Growth of Rice and Causes Spontaneous Cell Death. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050656. [PMID: 33925652 PMCID: PMC8145620 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex transduces information from the DNA-bound transcription factors to the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery. Research on plant Mediator subunits has primarily been performed in Arabidopsis, while very few of them have been functionally characterized in rice. In this study, the rice Mediator subunit 16, OsMed16, was examined. OsMed16 encodes a putative protein of 1301 amino acids, which is longer than the version previously reported. It was expressed in various rice organs and localized to the nucleus. The knockout of OsMed16 resulted in rice seedling lethality. Its overexpression led to the retardation of rice growth, low yield, and spontaneous cell death in the leaf blade and sheath. RNA sequencing suggested that the overexpression of OsMed16 altered the expression of a large number of genes. Among them, the upregulation of some defense-related genes was verified. OsMed16 can regulate the expression of a wealth of genes, and alterations in its expression have a profound impact on plant growth, development, and defense responses in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.J.); (G.Y.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Guangzhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.J.); (G.Y.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yafeng Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.J.); (G.Y.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.J.); (G.Y.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China;
- Shenzhen Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China;
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.J.); (G.Y.); (Y.X.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (J.X.)
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12
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Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Grain Number Determination in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020728. [PMID: 33450933 PMCID: PMC7828406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice grain yield is a complex trait determined by three components: panicle number, grain number per panicle (GNPP) and grain weight. GNPP is the major contributor to grain yield and is crucial for its improvement. GNPP is determined by a series of physiological and biochemical steps, including inflorescence development, formation of rachis branches such as primary rachis branches and secondary rachis branches, and spikelet specialisation (lateral and terminal spikelets). The molecular genetic basis of GNPP determination is complex, and it is regulated by numerous interlinked genes. In this review, panicle development and the determination of GNPP is described briefly, and GNPP-related genes that influence its determination are categorised according to their regulatory mechanisms. We introduce genes related to rachis branch development and their regulation of GNPP, genes related to phase transition (from rachis branch meristem to spikelet meristem) and their regulation of GNPP, and genes related to spikelet specialisation and their regulation of GNPP. In addition, we describe other GNPP-related genes and their regulation of GNPP. Research on GNPP determination suggests that it is possible to cultivate rice varieties with higher grain yield by modifying GNPP-related genes.
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13
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Zhang H, Zheng D, Yin L, Song F, Jiang M. Functional Analysis of OsMED16 and OsMED25 in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652453. [PMID: 33868352 PMCID: PMC8044553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mediator complex is a multiprotein complex that regulates RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Moreover, it functions in several signaling pathways, including those involved in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to study the functions of two genes, namely OsMED16 and OsMED25 in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice. Both genes were differentially induced by Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea), the causative agent of blast disease, hormone treatment, and abiotic stress. We found that both BMV: OsMED16- and BMV: OsMED25-infiltrated seedlings reduced the resistance to M. grisea by regulating the accumulation of H2O2 and expression of defense-related genes. Furthermore, BMV: OsMED16-infiltrated seedlings decreased the tolerance to cold by increasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reducing the expression of cold-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Dewei Zheng
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Longfei Yin
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Jiang,
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14
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Deveshwar P, Prusty A, Sharma S, Tyagi AK. Phytohormone-Mediated Molecular Mechanisms Involving Multiple Genes and QTL Govern Grain Number in Rice. Front Genet 2020; 11:586462. [PMID: 33281879 PMCID: PMC7689023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.586462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the grain number is the most direct route toward enhancing the grain yield in cereals. In rice, grain number can be amplified through increasing the shoot branching (tillering), panicle branching, panicle length, and seed set percentage. Phytohormones have been conclusively shown to control the above characteristics by regulating molecular factors and their cross-interactions. The dynamic equilibrium of cytokinin levels in both shoot and inflorescence meristems, maintained by the regulation of its biosynthesis, activation, and degradation, determines the tillering and panicle branching, respectively. Auxins and gibberellins are known broadly to repress the axillary meristems, while jasmonic acid is implicated in the determination of reproductive meristem formation. The balance of auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin determines meristematic activities in the inflorescence. Strigolactones have been shown to repress the shoot branching but seem to regulate panicle branching positively. Ethylene, brassinosteroids, and gibberellins regulate spikelet abortion and grain filling. Further studies on the optimization of endogenous hormonal levels can help in the expansion of the grain yield potential of rice. This review focuses on the molecular machinery, involving several genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), operational in the plant that governs hormonal control and, in turn, gets governed by the hormones to regulate grain number and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deveshwar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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15
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Mathew IE, Priyadarshini R, Mahto A, Jaiswal P, Parida SK, Agarwal P. SUPER STARCHY1/ONAC025 participates in rice grain filling. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00249. [PMID: 32995698 PMCID: PMC7507516 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors (TFs) are known for their role in development and stress. This article attempts to functionally validate the role of rice SS1/ ONAC025 (LOC_Os11g31330) during seed development. The gene is seed-specific and its promoter directs reporter expression in the developing endosperm and embryo in rice transgenic plants. Furthermore, rice transgenic plants ectopically expressing SS1/ ONAC025 have a plantlet lethal phenotype with hampered vegetative growth, but increased tillers and an altered shoot apical meristem structure. The vegetative cells of these plantlets are filled with distinct starch granules. RNAseq analysis of two independent plantlets reveals the differential expression of reproductive and photosynthetic genes. A comparison with seed development transcriptome indicates differential regulation of many seed-related genes by SS1/ ONAC025. Genes involved in starch biosynthesis, especially amylopectin and those encoding seed storage proteins, and regulating seed size are also differentially expressed. In conjunction, SS1/ ONAC025 shows highest expression in japonica rice. As a TF, SS1/ ONAC025 is a transcriptional repressor localized to endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. The article shows that SS1/ ONAC025 is a seed-specific gene promoting grain filling in rice, and negatively affecting vegetative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arunima Mahto
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Priya Jaiswal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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