1
|
Wang J, Yang Q, Chen Y, Liu K, Zhang Z, Xiong Y, Yu H, Yu Y, Wang J, Song J, Qiu L. QTL mapping and genomic selection of stem and branch diameter in soybean ( Glycine max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1388365. [PMID: 38882575 PMCID: PMC11176531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Soybean stem diameter (SD) and branch diameter (BD) are closely related traits, and genetic clarification of SD and BD is crucial for soybean breeding. Methods SD and BD were genetically analyzed by a population of 363 RIL derived from the cross between Zhongdou41 (ZD41) and ZYD02878 using restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association, inclusive composite interval mapping, and three-variance component multi-locus random SNP effect mixed linear modeling. Then candidate genes of major QTLs were selected and genetic selection model of SD and BD were constructed respectively. Results and discussion The results showed that SD and BD were significantly correlated (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). A total of 93 and 84 unique quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for SD and BD, respectively by three different methods. There were two and ten major QTLs for SD and BD, respectively, with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by more than 10%. Within these loci, seven genes involved in the regulation of phytohormones (IAA and GA) and cell proliferation and showing extensive expression of shoot apical meristematic genes were selected as candidate genes. Genomic selection (GS) analysis showed that the trait-associated markers identified in this study reached 0.47-0.73 in terms of prediction accuracy, which was enhanced by 6.56-23.69% compared with genome-wide markers. These results clarify the genetic basis of SD and BD, which laid solid foundation in regulation gene cloning, and GS models constructed could be potentially applied in future breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qichao Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kanglin Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yajun Xiong
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Huan Yu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Yu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Song
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Li Z, Wang P, Liu Z, An L, Zhang X, Xie Z, Wang Y, Li X, Gao W. Evaluation of citrus pectin extraction methods: Synergistic enhancement of pectin's antioxidant capacity and gel properties through combined use of organic acids, ultrasonication, and microwaves. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131164. [PMID: 38547940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The biological potency of pectin is intricately intertwined with its intricate molecular architecture. The fine structure of pectin is influenced by the extraction method, while the specific impact of these methods on the fine structure and the affected attributes thereof remains enigmatic. This study delves into the profound analysis of eight distinct extraction methods influence on the structure and biological activity of citrus peel pectin. The findings demonstrate that citric acid ultrasound-assisted microwave extraction yields pectin (PectinCA-US/MV) with higher viscosity and a dense, rigid chain. Pectin extracted with acetic acid ultrasound (PectinAA-US) and citric acid ultrasound (PectinCA-US) exhibits elevated galacturonic acid (GalA) levels and reduced D-galactose (Gal) content, enhancing antioxidant activity. Eight pectin-chitosan (CS) hydrogels, especially PectinCA-US/MV-CS, demonstrate commendable thermal stability, rheological properties, self-healing capability, and swelling behavior. This study characterizes citrus peel pectin properties from different extraction methods, laying a foundation for its application in food, pharmaceuticals, and industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Pengwang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin 300402, China
| | - Zhouyi Xie
- Clinical Medicine of School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira Duarte R, Cancela Ramos HC, Rodrigues Xavier L, Azevedo Vimercati Pirovani A, Souza Rodrigues A, Turquetti-Moraes DK, Rodrigues da Silva Junior I, Motta Venâncio T, Silveira V, Gonzaga Pereira M. Comparative proteomic analysis of papaya bud flowers reveals metabolic signatures and pathways driving hermaphrodite development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8867. [PMID: 38632280 PMCID: PMC11024100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) is a trioecious species with female, male, and hermaphrodite plants. Given the sex segregation, selecting hermaphroditic plants is vital for orchard establishment due to their greater commercial value. However, selecting hermaphrodite plants through sexing is laborious and costly. Moreover, environmental stressors can exacerbate the issue by potentially inducing abnormal flower development, thus affecting fruit quality. Despite these challenges, the molecular mechanisms governing sex development in papaya remain poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to identify proteins associated with sex development in female and hermaphrodite flowers of papaya through comparative proteomic analysis. Proteins from flower buds at the early and late developmental stages of three papaya genotypes (UENF-CALIMAN 01, JS12, and Sunrise Solo 72/12) were studied via proteomic analysis via the combination of the shotgun method and nanoESI-HDMSE technology. In buds at an early stage of development, 496 (35.9%) proteins exhibited significantly different abundances between sexes for the SS72/12 genotype, 139 (10%) for the JS12 genotype, and 165 (11.9%) for the UC-01 genotype. At the final stage of development, there were 181 (13.5%) for SS72/12, 113 (8.4%) for JS12, and 125 (9.1%) for UC-01. The large group of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between the sexes was related to metabolism, as shown by the observation of only the proteins that exhibited the same pattern of accumulation in the three genotypes. Specifically, carbohydrate metabolism proteins were up-regulated in hermaphrodite flower buds early in development, while those linked to monosaccharide and amino acid metabolism increased during late development. Enrichment of sporopollenin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways characterizes hermaphrodite samples across developmental stages, with predicted protein interactions highlighting the crucial role of phenylpropanoids in sporopollenin biosynthesis for pollen wall formation. Most of the DAPs played key roles in pectin, cellulose, and lignin synthesis and were essential for cell wall formation and male flower structure development, notably in the pollen coat. These findings suggest that hermaphrodite flowers require more energy for development, likely due to complex pollen wall formation. Overall, these insights illuminate the molecular mechanisms of papaya floral development, revealing complex regulatory networks and energetic demands in the formation of male reproductive structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pereira Duarte
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil.
| | - Helaine Christine Cancela Ramos
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia - LBT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Adriana Azevedo Vimercati Pirovani
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Alex Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Dayana Kelly Turquetti-Moraes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos - LQFPP, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Izaias Rodrigues da Silva Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Thiago Motta Venâncio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos - LQFPP, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia - LBT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
- Unidade de Biologia Integrativa, Setor de Genômica e Proteômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Messias Gonzaga Pereira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal - LMGV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28.013-602, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lu J, Yao J, Pu J, Wang D, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zha L. Transcriptome analysis of three medicinal plants of the genus Polygonatum: identification of genes involved in polysaccharide and steroidal saponins biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293411. [PMID: 38046616 PMCID: PMC10691381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides and saponins are the main active components of Polygonati Rhizoma. Studying the molecular mechanism of their synthesis pathway is helpful in improving the content of active components at the molecular level. At present, transcriptome analysis of three Polygonatum species (Polygonatum sibiricum Red., Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.) has been reported, but no comparative study has been found on the transcriptome data of the three species. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on the rhizomes of three Polygonatum species based on high-throughput sequencing technology, and all transcripts were assembled. A total of 168,108 unigenes were generated after the removal of redundancy, of which 121,642 were annotated in seven databases. Through differential analysis and expression analysis of key enzyme genes in the synthesis pathway of three Polygonatum polysaccharides and steroidal saponins, 135 differentially expressed genes encoding 18 enzymes and 128 differentially expressed genes encoding 28 enzymes were identified, respectively. Numerous transcription factors are involved in the carbohydrate synthesis pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to further verify the gene expression level. In this paper, we present a public transcriptome dataset of three medicinal plants of the genus Polygonatum, and analyze the key enzyme genes of polysaccharide and steroidal saponins synthesis pathway, which lays a foundation for improving the active component content of Polygonati Rhizoma by molecular means.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinchen Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jingzhe Pu
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Duomei Wang
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Liangping Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pagliuso D, Pedro de Jesus Pereira J, Ulrich JC, Barbosa Cotrim ME, Buckeridge MS, Grandis A. Carbon allocation of Spirodela polyrhiza under boron toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1208888. [PMID: 37528985 PMCID: PMC10388368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1208888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides containing apiose, xylose, and uronic acids are excellent candidates for boron fixation. Duckweeds are the fastest-growing angiosperms that can absorb diverse metals and contaminants from water and have high pectin content in their cell walls. Therefore, these plants can be considered excellent boron (B) accumulators. This work aimed to investigate the relationship between B assimilation capacity with apiose content in the cell wall of Spirodela polyrhiza subjected to different boric acid concentrations. Plants were grown for 7 and 10 days in ½ Schenck-Hildebrandt media supplemented with 0 to 56 mg B.L-1, the non-structural and structural carbohydrates, and related genes were evaluated. The results showed that B altered the morphology and carbohydrate composition of this species during plant development. The optimum B concentration (1.8 mg B.L-1) led to the highest relative growth and biomass accumulation, reduced starch, and high pectin and apiose contents, together with increased expression of UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase (AXS) and 1,4-α-galacturonosyltransferase (GAUT). The toxic state (28 and 56 mg B.L-1) increased the hexose contents in the cell wall with a concomitant reduction of pectins, apiose, and growth. The pectin content of S. polyrhiza was strongly associated with its growth capacity and regulation of B content within the cells, which have AXS as an important regulator. These findings suggest that duckweeds are suitable for B remediation, and their biomass can be used for bioenergy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Pagliuso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany. Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro de Jesus Pereira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany. Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos S. Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany. Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology, Department of Botany. Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen JJ, Wang W, Qin WQ, Men SZ, Li HL, Mitsuda N, Ohme-Takagi M, Wu AM. Transcription factors KNAT3 and KNAT4 are essential for integument and ovule formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:463-478. [PMID: 36342216 PMCID: PMC9806662 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Integuments form important protective cell layers surrounding the developing ovules in gymno- and angiosperms. Although several genes have been shown to influence the development of integuments, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism is still poorly understood. In this work, we report that the Class II KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX II) transcription factors KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEBOX GENE 3 (KNAT3) and KNAT4 regulate integument development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). KNAT3 and KNAT4 were co-expressed in inflorescences and especially in young developing ovules. The loss-of-function double mutant knat3 knat4 showed an infertility phenotype, in which both inner and outer integuments of the ovule are arrested at an early stage and form an amorphous structure as in the bell1 (bel1) mutant. The expression of chimeric KNAT3- and KNAT4-EAR motif repression domain (SRDX repressors) resulted in severe seed abortion. Protein-protein interaction assays demonstrated that KNAT3 and KNAT4 interact with each other and also with INNER NO OUTER (INO), a key transcription factor required for the outer integument formation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of genes related with integument development is influenced in the knat3 knat4 mutant. The knat3 knat4 mutant also had a lower indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content, and some auxin signaling pathway genes were downregulated. Moreover, transactivation analysis indicated that KNAT3/4 and INO activate the auxin signaling gene IAA INDUCIBLE 14 (IAA14). Taken together, our study identified KNAT3 and KNAT4 as key factors in integument development in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 90183, Sweden
| | - Wen-Qi Qin
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Men
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui-Ling Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mariette A, Kang HS, Heazlewood JL, Persson S, Ebert B, Lampugnani ER. Not Just a Simple Sugar: Arabinose Metabolism and Function in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1791-1812. [PMID: 34129041 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, development, structure as well as dynamic adaptations and remodeling processes in plants are largely controlled by properties of their cell walls. These intricate wall structures are mostly made up of different sugars connected through specific glycosidic linkages but also contain many glycosylated proteins. A key plant sugar that is present throughout the plantae, even before the divergence of the land plant lineage, but is not found in animals, is l-arabinose (l-Ara). Here, we summarize and discuss the processes and proteins involved in l-Ara de novo synthesis, l-Ara interconversion, and the assembly and recycling of l-Ara-containing cell wall polymers and proteins. We also discuss the biological function of l-Ara in a context-focused manner, mainly addressing cell wall-related functions that are conferred by the basic physical properties of arabinose-containing polymers/compounds. In this article we explore these processes with the goal of directing future research efforts to the many exciting yet unanswered questions in this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Mariette
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Hee Sung Kang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Joshua L Heazlewood
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3170, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Signaling at Physical Barriers during Pollen-Pistil Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212230. [PMID: 34830110 PMCID: PMC8622735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, double fertilization requires pollen tubes to transport non-motile sperm to distant egg cells housed in a specialized female structure known as the pistil, mediating the ultimate fusion between male and female gametes. During this journey, the pollen tube encounters numerous physical barriers that must be mechanically circumvented, including the penetration of the stigmatic papillae, style, transmitting tract, and synergid cells as well as the ultimate fusion of sperm cells to the egg or central cell. Additionally, the pollen tube must maintain structural integrity in these compact environments, while responding to positional guidance cues that lead the pollen tube to its destination. Here, we discuss the nature of these physical barriers as well as efforts to genetically and cellularly identify the factors that allow pollen tubes to successfully, specifically, and quickly circumnavigate them.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Hao N, Xia Y, Du Y, Huang K, Wu T. CsKDO is a candidate gene regulating seed germination lethality in cucumber. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:417-425. [PMID: 34912168 PMCID: PMC8661486 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination plays an important role in the initial stage of plant growth. However, few related studies focused on lethality after seed germination in plants. In this study, we identified an Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis mutant Csleth with abnormal seed germination in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The radicle of the Csleth mutant grew slowly and detached from the cotyledon until 14 d after sowing. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype of Csleth was controlled by a single recessive gene. MutMap+ and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping results demonstrated that Csa3G104930 encoding 3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (CsKDO) was the candidate gene of the Csleth mutant. The transition mutation of aspartate occurred in Csa3G104930 co-segregated with the phenotyping data. CsKDO was highly expressed in male flowers in wild type cucumbers. Subcellular localization results showed that CsKDO was located in the nucleus. Overall, these results suggest CsKDO regulates lethality during seed germination in cucumber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
| | - Yutong Xia
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yalin Du
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ke Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural
University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128,
China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Northeast Agricultural
University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030,
China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and
New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, 1 Nongda Road,
Changsha 410128, China
- Key Labortory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,
1 Nongda Road, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu S, Sun Q, Wu J, Zhao P, Sun Y, Guo Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase (SDR) Gene Family in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9498. [PMID: 34502406 PMCID: PMC8430790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) belongs to the NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductase superfamily. Limited investigations reveal that SDRs participate in diverse metabolisms. A genome-wide identification of the SDR gene family in M. truncatula was conducted. A total of 213 MtSDR genes were identified, and they were distributed on all chromosomes unevenly. MtSDR proteins were categorized into seven subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis and three types including 'classic', 'extended', and 'atypical', depending on the cofactor-binding site and active site. Analysis of the data from M. truncatula Gene Expression Atlas (MtGEA) showed that above half of MtSDRs were expressed in at least one organ, and lots of MtSDRs had a preference in a tissue-specific expression. The cis-acting element responsive to plant hormones (salicylic acid, ABA, auxin, MeJA, and gibberellin) and stresses were found in the promoter of some MtSDRs. Many genes of MtSDR7C,MtSDR65C, MtSDR110C, MtSDR114C, and MtSDR108E families were responsive to drought, salt, and cold. The study provides useful information for further investigation on biological functions of MtSDRs, especially in abiotic stress adaptation, in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.Y.); (Q.S.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barnes WJ, Koj S, Black IM, Archer-Hartmann SA, Azadi P, Urbanowicz BR, Peña MJ, O'Neill MA. Protocols for isolating and characterizing polysaccharides from plant cell walls: a case study using rhamnogalacturonan-II. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:142. [PMID: 34158109 PMCID: PMC8218411 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, a large diversity of polysaccharides comprise the cell wall. Each major type of plant cell wall polysaccharide, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, has distinct structures and functions that contribute to wall mechanics and influence plant morphogenesis. In recent years, pectin valorization has attracted much attention due to its expanding roles in biomass deconstruction, food and material science, and environmental remediation. However, pectin utilization has been limited by our incomplete knowledge of its structure. Herein, we present a workflow of principles relevant for the characterization of polysaccharide primary structure using nature's most complex polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), as a model. RESULTS We outline how to isolate RG-II from celery and duckweed cell walls and from red wine using chemical or enzymatic treatments coupled with size-exclusion chromatography. From there, we applied mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to determine the glycosyl residue and linkage compositions of the intact RG-II and derived oligosaccharides including special considerations for labile monosaccharides. In doing so, we demonstrated that in the duckweed Wolffiella repanda the arabinopyranosyl (Arap) residue of side chain B is substituted at O-2 with rhamnose. We used electrospray-MS techniques to identify non-glycosyl modifications including methyl-ethers, methyl-esters, and acetyl-esters on RG-II-derived oligosaccharides. We then showed the utility of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) to investigate the structure of intact RG-II and to complement the RG-II dimerization studies performed using size-exclusion chromatography. CONCLUSIONS The complexity of pectic polysaccharide structures has hampered efforts aimed at their valorization. In this work, we used RG-II as a model to demonstrate the steps necessary to isolate and characterize polysaccharides using chromatographic, MS, and NMR techniques. The principles can be applied to the characterization of other saccharide structures and will help inform researchers on how saccharide structure relates to functional properties in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Barnes
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sabina Koj
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ian M Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Breeanna R Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Maria J Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Malcolm A O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, The University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang W, Qin W, Li H, Wu AM. Biosynthesis and Transport of Nucleotide Sugars for Plant Hemicellulose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723128. [PMID: 34868108 PMCID: PMC8636097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemicellulose is entangled with cellulose through hydrogen bonds and meanwhile acts as a bridge for the deposition of lignin monomer in the secondary wall. Therefore, hemicellulose plays a vital role in the utilization of cell wall biomass. Many advances in hemicellulose research have recently been made, and a large number of genes and their functions have been identified and verified. However, due to the diversity and complexity of hemicellulose, the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms are yet unknown. In this review, we summarized the types of plant hemicellulose, hemicellulose-specific nucleotide sugar substrates, key transporters, and biosynthesis pathways. This review will contribute to a better understanding of substrate-level regulation of hemicellulose synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ai-min Wu,
| |
Collapse
|