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Fang S, Wan Z, Shen T, Liang G. Potassium attenuates drought damage by regulating sucrose metabolism and gene expression in sesame leaf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 209:108547. [PMID: 38522132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Drought has been considered the most restrictive environmental constraint on agricultural production worldwide. Photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism is a critical biochemical process connected with crop production and quality traits. A pot experiment was carried out under four potassium (K) rates (0, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 g pot-1 of K, respectively) and two water regimes to investigate the role of K in activating defense mechanisms on sucrose metabolism against drought damage in sesame. The soil moisture contents are 75 ± 5% (well-watered, WW) and 45 ± 5% (drought stress, DS) of field capacity respectively. The results showed that DS plants without K application have lower activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), soluble acid invertase (SAI), and chlorophyll content and higher activity of sucrose synthase (SuSy), which resulted in declined synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products to reproductive organs. Under drought, there was a significant positive correlation between leaf sucrose metabolizing enzymes and sucrose content. Plants subjected to drought stress increased the concentrations of soluble sugar and sucrose to produce osmo-protectants and energy sources for plants acclimating to stress but decreased starch content. Conversely, K application enhanced the carbohydrate metabolism, biomass accumulation and partitioning, thereby contributing to higher seed oil and protein yield (28.8%-43.4% and 27.5%-40.7%) as compared to K-deficiency plants. The positive impacts of K application enhanced as increasing K rates, and it was more pronounced in drought conditions. Furthermore, K application upregulated the gene expression of SiMYB57, SiMYB155, SiMYB176 and SiMYB192 while downregulated SiMYB108 and SiMYB171 in drought conditions, which may help to alleviate drought susceptibility. Conclusively, our study illustrated that the enhanced photo-assimilation and translocation process caused by the changes in sucrose metabolism activities under K application as well as regulation of MYB gene expression contributes towards drought resistance of sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Zehua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Tinghai Shen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Guoqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Zhou T, Sun SS, Song HL, Chen JF, Yue CP, Huang JY, Feng YN, Hua YP. Morpho-physiological, Genomic, and Transcriptional Diversities in Response to Potassium Deficiency in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2381-2396. [PMID: 38232380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Variations in the resistance to potassium (K) deficiency among rapeseed genotypes emphasize complicated regulatory mechanisms. In this study, a low-K-sensitivity accession (L49) responded to K deficiency with smaller biomasses, severe leaf chlorosis, weaker photosynthesis ability, and deformed stomata morphology compared to a low-K resistant accession (H280). H280 accumulated more K+ than L49 under low K. Whole-genome resequencing (WGS) revealed a total of 5,538,622 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 859,184 insertions/deletions (InDels) between H280 and L49. RNA-seq identified more differentially expressed K+ transporter genes with higher expression in H280 than in L49 under K deficiency. Based on the K+ profiles, differential expression profiling, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and WGS data between H280 and L49, BnaC4.AKT1 was proposed to be mainly responsible for root K absorption-mediated low K resistance. BnaC4.AKT1 was expressed preferentially in the roots and localized on the plasma membrane. An SNP and an InDel found in the promoter region of BnaC4.AKT1 were proposed to be responsible for its differential expression between rapeseed genotypes. This study identified a gene resource for improving low-K resistance. It also facilitates an integrated knowledge of the differential physiological and transcriptional responses to K deficiency in rapeseed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Si-Si Sun
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hai-Li Song
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun-Fan Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cai-Peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jin-Yong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Na Feng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying-Peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Mahmood M, Wang Y, Ahmed W, Mehmood S, Ayyoub A, Elnahal ASM, Li W, Zhan X. Exploring biochar and fishpond sediments potential to change soil phosphorus fractions and availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1224583. [PMID: 37636081 PMCID: PMC10450619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1224583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability in soil is paradoxical, with a significant portion of applied P accumulating in the soil, potentially affecting plant production. The impact of biochar (BR) and fishpond sediments (FPS) as fertilizers on P fixation remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the optimal ratio of BR, modified biochar (MBR), and FPS as fertilizer replacements. A pot experiment with maize evaluated the transformation of P into inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) fractions and their contribution to P uptake. Different percentages of FPS, BR, and MBR were applied as treatments (T1-T7), T1 [(0.0)], T2 [FPS (25.0%)], T3 [FPS (25.0%) + BR (1%)], T [FPS (25%) +MBR (3%)], T5 [FPS (35%)], T6 [FPS (35%) +BR (1%)], and T7 [FPS (35%) + MBR (1%)]. Using the modified Hedley method and the Tiessen and Moir fractionation scheme, P fractions were determined. Results showed that various rates of MBR, BR, and FPS significantly increased labile and moderately labile P fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, HClD-Pi, and HClC-Pi) and residual P fractions compared with the control (T1). Positive correlations were observed between P uptake, phosphatase enzyme activity, and NaHCO3-Pi. Maximum P uptake and phosphatase activity were observed in T6 and T7 treatments. The addition of BR, MBR, and FPS increased Po fractions. Unlike the decline in NaOH-Po fraction, NaHCO3-Po and HClc-Po fractions increased. All Pi fractions, particularly apatite (HClD-Pi), increased across the T1-T7 treatments. HClD-Pi was the largest contributor to total P (40.7%) and can convert into accessible P over time. The T5 treatment showed a 0.88% rise in residual P. HClD-Pi and residual P fractions positively correlated with P uptake, phosphatase activity, NaOH-Pi, and NaOH-Po moderately available fractions. Regression analysis revealed that higher concentrations of metals such as Ca, Zn, and Cr significantly decreased labile organic and inorganic P fractions (NaHCO3-Pi, R 2 = 0.13, 0.36, 0.09) and their availability (NaHCO3-Po, R 2 = 0.01, 0.03, 0.25). Excessive solo BR amendments did not consistently increase P availability, but optimal simple and MBR increased residual P contents in moderately labile and labile forms (including NaOH-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, and HClD-Pi). Overall, our findings suggest that the co-addition of BR and FPS can enhance soil P availability via increasing the activity of phosphatase enzyme, thereby enhancing plant P uptake and use efficiency, which eventually maintains the provision of ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Anam Ayyoub
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ahmed S. M. Elnahal
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Hu W, Gu H, Wang K, Lu Z, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium deficiency stress reduces Rubisco activity in Brassica napus leaves by subcellular acidification decreasing photosynthetic rate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107912. [PMID: 37523826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Under potassium (K) deficiency photosynthetic carboxylation capacities are limited, affecting the photosynthetic rate of plants. However, it is not clear how ionic K within plants regulates carboxylation capacities. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate (A), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) characteristics, and cytoplasmic pH of Brassica napus leaves with different K levels were measured to evaluate the effects of K on the carboxylation capacity by regulating subcellular pH. The results showed that biochemical limitation dominates the decrease of A. There was a close positive correlation between A and the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), which was closer than that between A and the maximum electron transport rate. The thresholds of leaf K concentrations causing decreased A, Vcmax, and Rubisco initial activity were consistent and close to 1.0% in the hydroponic experiments and 1.2% in the field experiments. K deficiency resulted in decreased Rubisco activity, which reduced carboxylation capacity. Moreover, the Rubisco initial activities in vitro with sufficient K supply or under K deficiency all were significantly reduced when the pH was decreased. The cytoplasmic pH was kept neutral at 7.5 under sufficient K supply, and decreased as the leaf K concentration declined below the threshold. Acidified cytoplasmic environment caused by K deficiency could not maintain the pH balance of the chloroplasts, leading to decreased Rubisco initial activity and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kunjiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Dai S, Wu H, Chen H, Wang Z, Yu X, Wang L, Jia X, Qin C, Zhu Y, Yi K, Zeng H. Comparative transcriptome analyses under individual and combined nutrient starvations provide insights into N/P/K interactions in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107642. [PMID: 36989993 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Crops often suffer from simultaneous limitations of multiple nutrients in soils, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which are three major macronutrients essential for ensuring growth and yield. Although plant responses to individual N, P, and K deficiency have been well documented, our understanding of the responses to combined nutrient deficiencies and the crosstalk between nutrient starvation responses is still limited. Here, we compared the physiological responses in rice under seven kinds of single and multiple low nutrient stress of N, P and K, and used RNA sequencing approaches to compare their transcriptome changes. A total of 13,000 genes were found to be differentially expressed under all these single and multiple low N/P/K stresses, and 66 and 174 of them were shared by all these stresses in roots and shoots, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses of the DEGs showed that a group of biological and metabolic processes were shared by these low N/P/K stresses. Comparative analyses indicated that DEGs under multiple low nutrient stress was not the simple summation of single nutrient stress. N was found to be the predominant factor affecting the transcriptome under combined nutrient stress. N, P, or K availability exhibited massive influences on the transcriptomic responses to starvation of other nutrients. Many genes involved in nutrient transport, hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation were commonly responsive to low N/P/K stresses. Some transcription factors were predicted to regulate the expression of genes that are commonly responsive to N, P, and K starvations. These results revealed the interactions between N, P, and K starvation responses, and will be helpful for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying nutrient interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhuan Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Keke Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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