1
|
Shi X, Yang T, Ren M, Fu J, Bai J, Cui H. AT-hook motif nuclear localized transcription factors function redundantly in promoting root growth through modulation of redox homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 120:199-217. [PMID: 39136690 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining an optimal redox status is essential for plant growth and development, particularly when the plants are under stress. AT-hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors in plants. Much of our understanding about this gene family has been derived from studies on clade A members. To elucidate the functions of clade B genes, we first analyzed their spatial expression patterns using transgenic plants expressing a nuclear localized GFP under the control of their promoter sequences. AHL1, 2, 6, 7, and 10 were further functionally characterized owing to their high expression in the root apical meristem. Through mutant analyses and transgenic studies, we showed that these genes have the ability to promote root growth. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays, we demonstrated that AHL1, 2, 6, 7, and 10 are transcription regulators and this activity is required for their roles in root growth. Although mutants for these genes did not showed obvious defects in root growth, transgenic plants expressing their fusion proteins with the SRDX repressor motif exhibited a short-root phenotype. Through transcriptome analysis, histochemical staining and molecular genetics experiments, we found that AHL10 maintains redox homeostasis via direct regulation of glutathione transferase (GST) genes. When the transcript level of GSTF2, a top-ranked target of AHL10, was reduced by RNAi, the short-root phenotype in the AHL10-SRDX expressing plant was largely rescued. These results together suggest that AHL genes function redundantly in promoting root growth through direct regulation of redox homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengfei Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongchang Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prasad KVSK, Cheema A, Scanlon W, Matthews A, Sharifova S, Huq E, Reddy ASN. A simple method to visualize pre-mRNA splicing with the naked eye using a genetically encoded visual splicing reporter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:726-730. [PMID: 39056536 PMCID: PMC11444279 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A genetically encoded splicing reporter allows naked-eye visualization of pre-mRNA splicing and requires no expensive equipment or substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasavajhala V S K Prasad
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Amandeep Cheema
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - William Scanlon
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Allison Matthews
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Saida Sharifova
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anireddy S N Reddy
- Department of Biology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tong S, Hong R, Chen W, Chai M, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang Q, Li D. Synchronous Bioproduction of Betanin and Mycoprotein in the Engineered Edible Fungus Fusarium venenatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19462-19469. [PMID: 39185736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable production of edible microbial proteins and red food colorants is an important demand for future food. Therefore, creation of a chassis strain that can efficiently synthesize both products is extremely necessary and meaningful. To realize this envision, a CRISPR/Cas9-based visual multicopy integration system was successfully developed in Fusarium venenatum. Subsequently, the de novo synthesis of the red food colorant betanin was achieved in the engineered F. venenatum using the above system. After fermentation optimization, the final yields of betanin and mycoprotein reached 1.91 and 9.53 g/L, respectively, when the constant pH naturally decreased from 6 to 4 without the addition of acid after 48 h of fermentation. These results determine a highly suitable chassis strain for the microbial biomanufacturing of betanin, and the obtained engineered strain here is expected to expand the application prospect and improve economic returns of F. venenatum in the field of future food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ruru Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wuxi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mengdan Chai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Demao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Innovation Centre for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jung S, Maeda HA. Debottlenecking the L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase step with enhanced tyrosine supply boosts betalain production in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2456-2471. [PMID: 38498597 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic biology provides emerging tools to produce valuable compounds in plant hosts as sustainable chemical production platforms. However, little is known about how supply and utilization of precursors is coordinated at the interface of plant primary and specialized metabolism, limiting our ability to efficiently produce high levels of target specialized metabolites in plants. L-Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid precursor of diverse plant natural products including betalain pigments, which are used as the major natural food red colorants and more recently a visual marker for plant transformation. Here, we studied the impact of enhanced L-tyrosine supply on the production of betalain pigments by expressing arogenate dehydrogenase (TyrA) from table beet (Beta vulgaris, BvTyrAα), which has relaxed feedback inhibition by L-tyrosine. Unexpectedly, betalain levels were reduced when BvTyrAα was coexpressed with the betalain pathway genes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves; L-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) levels were drastically elevated but not efficiently converted to betalains. An additional expression of L-DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase (DODA), but not CYP76AD1 or cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase, together with BvTyrAα and the betalain pathway, drastically enhanced betalain production, indicating that DODA is a major rate-limiting step of betalain biosynthesis in this system. Learning from this initial test and further debottlenecking the DODA step maximized betalain yield to an equivalent or higher level than that in table beet. Our data suggest that balancing between enhanced supply ("push") and effective utilization ("pull") of precursor by alleviating a bottleneck step is critical in successful plant synthetic biology to produce high levels of target compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jung
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hiroshi A Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Willoughby AC. CRISPR, chimerism, and chromothripsis: A technique for studying DNA repair in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3916-3917. [PMID: 37607104 PMCID: PMC10615198 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Willoughby
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27713, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Luo M, Hands P, Rolland V, Zhang J, Li Z, Outram M, Dodds P, Ayliffe M. A split GAL4 RUBY assay for visual in planta detection of protein-protein interactions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1209-1226. [PMID: 37323061 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are a fundamental process in cellular biogenesis. Here we have developed a split GAL4 RUBY assay that enables macroscopically visual PPI detection in plant leaves in real time. Candidate interacting protein partners are fused to specific domains of the yeast GAL4 and herpes simplex virus VP16 transcription factors and transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamina leaves by Agrobacterium infiltration. PPI, that may be either direct or indirect, results in transcriptional activation of a RUBY reporter gene leading to the production of the highly visual metabolite, betalain, in leaf tissue of living plants. Samples require no processing for in planta visual qualitative assessment, but with very simple processing steps the assay is quantitative. Its accuracy is demonstrated using a series of known interacting protein partners and mutant derivatives including transcription factors, signalling molecules and plant resistance proteins with cognate pathogen effectors. Using this assay, association between the wheat Sr27 stem rust disease resistance protein and corresponding AvrSr27 avirulence effector family produced by the rust pathogen is detected. Interaction is also observed between this resistance protein and the effector encoded by the corresponding avrSr27-3 virulence allele. However, this association appears weaker in the split GAL4 RUBY assay, which coupled with lower avrSr27-3 expression during stem rust infection, likely enables virulent races of the rust pathogen to avoid Sr27-mediated detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Ming Luo
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Phillip Hands
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Jianping Zhang
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Zhao Li
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Megan Outram
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| | - Michael Ayliffe
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Box 1700, Clunies Ross St, Canberra, Australia, 2601
| |
Collapse
|