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Tang J, Lam GT, Brooks RD, Miles M, Useckaite Z, Johnson IR, Ung BSY, Martini C, Karageorgos L, Hickey SM, Selemidis S, Hopkins AM, Rowland A, Vather R, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Caruso MC, Logan JM. Exploring the role of sporadic BRAF and KRAS mutations during colorectal cancer pathogenesis: A spotlight on the contribution of the endosome-lysosome system. Cancer Lett 2024; 585:216639. [PMID: 38290660 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The highly heterogenous nature of colorectal cancer can significantly hinder its early and accurate diagnosis, eventually contributing to high mortality rates. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence and serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence are the two most common sequences in sporadic colorectal cancer. Genetic alterations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumour protein 53 (TP53) genes are critical in adenoma-carcinoma sequence, whereas v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and MutL Homolog1 (MLH1) are driving oncogenes in the serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence. Sporadic mutations in these genes contribute differently to colorectal cancer pathogenesis by introducing distinct alterations in several signalling pathways that rely on the endosome-lysosome system. Unsurprisingly, the endosome-lysosome system plays a pivotal role in the hallmarks of cancer and contributes to specialised colon function. Thus, the endosome-lysosome system might be distinctively influenced by different mutations and these alterations may contribute to the heterogenous nature of sporadic colorectal cancer. This review highlights potential connections between major sporadic colorectal cancer mutations and the diverse pathogenic mechanisms driven by the endosome-lysosome system in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Tang
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Miles
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian Rd Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ryash Vather
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Ding J, Ding L. Role of lysosomes in HSV-induced pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:911-916. [PMID: 37584568 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
HSV can evade host defenses and cause lifelong infection and severe illness. Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that play an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Lysosomal dysfunction and alterations in the process of autophagy have been identified in a variety of diseases, including HSV infection, and targeting lysosomes is a potential anti-HSV therapeutic strategy. This article reviews the role of lysosomes and lysosome-associated proteins in HSV infection, providing attractive targets and novel strategies for the treatment of HSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Ding
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Liqiong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
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3
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Tulkens PM. Phosphocholine May Allow for Listeriolysin-Mediated Escape of Phagocytized Listeria From Vacuolar Compartments Into the Host Cytosol While Protecting Against Overt Destruction of the Infected Cell. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:1425-1427. [PMID: 31965180 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Tulkens
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Xu B, Gao Y, Zhan S, Ge W. Quantitative proteomic profiling for clarification of the crucial roles of lysosomes in microbial infections. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:122-131. [PMID: 28433889 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play vital roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. It is widely accepted that lysosomes do not function exclusively as a digestive organelle. It is also involved in the process of immune cells against pathogens. However, the changes in the lysosomal proteome caused by infection with various microbes are still largely unknown, and our understanding of the proteome of the purified lysosome is another obstacle that needs to be resolved. Here, we performed a proteomic study on lysosomes enriched from THP1 cells after infection with Listeria monocytogenes (L.m), Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV). In combination with the gene ontology (GO) analysis, we identified 284 lysosomal-related proteins from a total of 4560 proteins. We also constructed the protein-protein interaction networks for the differentially expressed proteins and revealed the core lysosomal proteins, including SRC in the L. m treated group, SRC, GLB1, HEXA and HEXB in the HSV-1 treated group and GLB1, CTSA, CTSB, HEXA and HEXB in the VSV treated group, which are involved in responding to diverse microbial infections. This study not only reveals variable lysosome responses depending on the bacterial or virus infection, but also provides the evidence based on which we propose a novel approach to proteome research for investigation of the function of the enriched organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhong Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, No 5 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yanpan Gao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, No 5 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shaohua Zhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, No 5 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, No 5 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China.
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5
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Tang BL. Rab32/38 and the xenophagic restriction of intracellular bacteria replication. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:595-603. [PMID: 27256464 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases' subversion by intracellular pathogens during infection has been extensively documented. Recent findings have implicated a key intracellular bacterial restriction/containment function for Rab32/38 in Salmonella species in macrophages and Listeria monocytogenes in dendritic cells. Rab32/38 aids the phagolysosome maturation, and mediates a parallel xenophagy mechanism by engaging prohibitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Kumar S, Pan CC, Shah N, Wheeler SE, Hoyt KR, Hempel N, Mythreye K, Lee NY. Activation of Mitofusin2 by Smad2-RIN1 Complex during Mitochondrial Fusion. Mol Cell 2016; 62:520-31. [PMID: 27184078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Smads are nuclear-shuttling transcriptional mediators of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. Although their essential nuclear roles in gene regulation during development and carcinogenesis are well established, whether they have important cytoplasmic functions remains unclear. Here we report that Smad2 is a critical determinant of mitochondrial dynamics. We identified mitofusin2 (MFN2) and Rab and Ras Interactor 1 (RIN1) as new Smad2 binding partners required for mitochondrial fusion. Unlike TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 transcriptional responses underlying mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, inactive cytoplasmic Smad2 rapidly promotes mitochondrial fusion by recruiting RIN1 into a complex with MFN2. We demonstrate that Smad2 is a key scaffold, allowing RIN1 to act as a GTP exchange factor for MFN2-GTPase activation to promote mitochondrial ATP synthesis and suppress superoxide production. These results reveal functional implications between Smads and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher C Pan
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nirav Shah
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kari R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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7
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Mustafi S, Barbieri MA. Rin1 restores host phagocytic activity during invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:351-361. [PMID: 26902911 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a type III secretion system to deliver toxic effector proteins directly into host cells and alter host protein functions. Exoenzyme S (ExoS), a type III effector protein, ADP-ribosylates Rab5 GTPase and impairs early phagocytic events in macrophage cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Rin1, a Ras effector protein and Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, generates an intrinsic Rab5 activity cycle during phagocytosis of live P. aeruginosa; thus, allowing proper phagocytic killing. We found that Rab5 activity was attenuated at a very early time point (2.5 min) of the phagocytic process of live but not of heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa. However, upon overexpressing Rin1 in macrophages, the Rab5 activity sustained for a prolonged time (∼20 min) counteracting the negative effects during phagocytosis of live P. aeruginosa. Ras, also a substrate of the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of ExoS, remained active during the early events of phagocytosis of live as well as heat-inactivated P. aeruginosa. Further examinations revealed that the Rin1 : Vps9 domain (the Rab5 nucleotide catalytic domain) and the Rin1 : RA domain (the Ras association domain of Rin1) are both required for optimal Rin1 function. Finally, the time-based analysis of the ADP-ribosylation status of Rab5 and Ras obtained from this study was consistent in the context of the regulation of (i) Rab5 activity by Rin1 : Vps9 domain and (ii) Ras interaction with Rin1 via the Rin1 : RA domain. These observations highlight a novel crosstalk between Rin1-Rab5 and Rin1-Ras complexes that offsets the anti-phagocytic effects of ExoS in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mustafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - M A Barbieri
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.,International Center of Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Mottola G. The complexity of Rab5 to Rab7 transition guarantees specificity of pathogen subversion mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:180. [PMID: 25566515 PMCID: PMC4273659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mottola
- UMR MD2, Faculté de Médecine NORD, Aix Marseille University and Institute of Research in Biology of the French Army Marseille, France ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, La Timone University Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
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