1
|
Xiong GJ, Sheng ZH. Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401145. [PMID: 38568173 PMCID: PMC10988239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banerjee R, Gunawardena S. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and presenilin (PS) are key regulators of kinesin-1-mediated cargo motility within axons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1202307. [PMID: 37363727 PMCID: PMC10288942 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a quarter century since the discovery that molecular motors are phosphorylated, but fundamental questions still remain as to how specific kinases contribute to particular motor functions, particularly in vivo, and to what extent these processes have been evolutionarily conserved. Such questions remain largely unanswered because there is no cohesive strategy to unravel the likely complex spatial and temporal mechanisms that control motility in vivo. Since diverse cargoes are transported simultaneously within cells and along narrow long neurons to maintain intracellular processes and cell viability, and disruptions in these processes can lead to cancer and neurodegeneration, there is a critical need to better understand how kinases regulate molecular motors. Here, we review our current understanding of how phosphorylation can control kinesin-1 motility and provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism that is governed by a specific kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and a scaffolding protein presenilin (PS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Neurons are markedly compartmentalized, which makes them reliant on axonal transport to maintain their health. Axonal transport is important for anterograde delivery of newly synthesized macromolecules and organelles from the cell body to the synapse and for the retrograde delivery of signaling endosomes and autophagosomes for degradation. Dysregulation of axonal transport occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and plays a key role in axonal degeneration. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms for regulation of axonal transport; discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting axonal transport.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang C, Zhao X, An X, Zhang Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Sun Y, Jiang L, Lian F. Axonal transport deficits in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1136796. [PMID: 37056668 PMCID: PMC10086245 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic and prevalent metabolic disease that gravely endangers human health and seriously affects the quality of life of hyperglycemic patients. More seriously, it can lead to amputation and neuropathic pain, imposing a severe financial burden on patients and the healthcare system. Even with strict glycemic control or pancreas transplantation, peripheral nerve damage is difficult to reverse. Most current treatment options for DPN can only treat the symptoms but not the underlying mechanism. Patients with long-term diabetes mellitus (DM) develop axonal transport dysfunction, which could be an important factor in causing or exacerbating DPN. This review explores the underlying mechanisms that may be related to axonal transport impairment and cytoskeletal changes caused by DM, and the relevance of the latter with the occurrence and progression of DPN, including nerve fiber loss, diminished nerve conduction velocity, and impaired nerve regeneration, and also predicts possible therapeutic strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of diabetic neuronal injury is essential to prevent the deterioration of DPN and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Timely and effective improvement of axonal transport impairment is particularly critical for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
Collapse
|
5
|
The ubiquitous microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) controls organelle distribution by regulating the activity of the kinesin motor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2206677119. [PMID: 36191197 PMCID: PMC9565364 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206677119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of organelle transport by molecular motors along the cytoskeletal microtubules is central to maintaining cellular functions. Here, we show that the ubiquitous tau-related microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) can bias the bidirectional transport of organelles toward the microtubule minus-ends. This is concurrent with MAP4 phosphorylation, mediated by the kinase GSK3β. We demonstrate that MAP4 achieves this bias by tethering the cargo to the microtubules, allowing it to impair the force generation of the plus-end motor kinesin-1. Consistent with this mechanism, MAP4 physically interacts with dynein and dynactin and, when phosphorylated, associates with the cargo-motor complex through its projection domain. Its phosphorylation coincides with the perinuclear accumulation of organelles, a phenotype that is rescued by abolishing the cargo-microtubule MAP4 tether or by the pharmacological inhibition of dynein, confirming the ability of kinesin to inch along, albeit inefficiently, in the presence of phosphorylated MAP4. These findings have broad biological significance because of the ubiquity of MAP4 and the involvement of GSK3β in multiple diseases, more specifically in cancer, where the MAP4-dependent redistribution of organelles may be prevalent in cancer cells, as we demonstrate here for mitochondria in lung carcinoma epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rhymes ER, Tosolini AP, Fellows AD, Mahy W, McDonald NQ, Schiavo G. Bimodal regulation of axonal transport by the GDNF-RET signalling axis in healthy and diseased motor neurons. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:584. [PMID: 35798698 PMCID: PMC9263112 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in axonal transport are one of the earliest pathological outcomes in several models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including SOD1G93A mice. Evidence suggests that rescuing these deficits prevents disease progression, stops denervation, and extends survival. Kinase inhibitors have been previously identified as transport enhancers, and are being investigated as potential therapies for ALS. For example, inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and insulin growth factor receptor 1 have been shown to rescue axonal transport deficits in vivo in symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. In this work, we investigated the impact of RET, the tyrosine kinase receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), as a modifier of axonal transport. We identified the fundamental interplay between RET signalling and axonal transport in both wild-type and SOD1G93A motor neurons in vitro. We demonstrated that blockade of RET signalling using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdown enhances signalling endosome transport in wild-type motor neurons and uncovered a divergence in the response of primary motor neurons to GDNF compared with cell lines. Finally, we showed that inhibition of the GDNF-RET signalling axis rescues in vivo transport deficits in early symptomatic SOD1G93A mice, promoting RET as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Rhymes
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew P. Tosolini
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander D. Fellows
- grid.42475.300000 0004 0605 769XMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Mahy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Alzheimer’s Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Q. McDonald
- grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Signalling and Structural Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK ,grid.88379.3d0000 0001 2324 0507Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Kinsey WH. Signaling Proteins Recruited to the Sperm Binding Site: Role of β-Catenin and Rho A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886664. [PMID: 35646891 PMCID: PMC9136404 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm interaction with the oocyte plasma membrane triggers a localized response in the mouse oocyte that leads to remodeling of oocyte surface as well as the underlying cortical actin layer. The recent demonstration that PTK2B is recruited and activated at the sperm binding site raised the possibility that multiple signaling events may be activated during this stage of fertilization. The present study demonstrated that β-catenin and Rho A were recruited to the cortex underlying bound/fused sperm. To determine whether sperm-oocyte contact was sufficient to initiate β-catenin recruitment, Cd9-null, and PTK2b-null oocytes were tested for the ability to recruit β-catenin to sperm binding sites. Both Cd9 and Ptk2b ablation reduced β-catenin recruitment raising the possibility that PTK2B may act downstream of CD9 in the response to sperm binding/fusion. Further immunofluorescence study revealed that β-catenin co-localized with f-actin in the interstitial regions between actin layer fenestrae. Rho A, in contrast, was arranged underneath the actin layer in both the fenestra and the interstitial regions suggesting that they may play different roles in the oocyte.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lie PPY, Yoo L, Goulbourne CN, Berg MJ, Stavrides P, Huo C, Lee JH, Nixon RA. Axonal transport of late endosomes and amphisomes is selectively modulated by local Ca 2+ efflux and disrupted by PSEN1 loss of function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj5716. [PMID: 35486730 PMCID: PMC9054012 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction and mistrafficking of organelles in autophagy- and endosomal-lysosomal pathways are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we reveal selective vulnerability of maturing degradative organelles (late endosomes/amphisomes) to disease-relevant local calcium dysregulation. These organelles undergo exclusive retrograde transport in axons, with occasional pauses triggered by regulated calcium efflux from agonist-evoked transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1) channels-an effect greatly exaggerated by exogenous agonist mucolipin synthetic agonist 1 (ML-SA1). Deacidification of degradative organelles, as seen after Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) loss of function, induced pathological constitutive "inside-out" TRPML1 hyperactivation, slowing their transport comparably to ML-SA1 and causing accumulation in dystrophic axons. The mechanism involved calcium-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which hyperphosphorylated dynein intermediate chain (DIC), reducing dynein activity. Blocking TRPML1 activation, JNK activity, or DIC1B serine-80 phosphorylation reversed transport deficits in PSEN1 knockout neurons. Our results, including features demonstrated in Alzheimer-mutant PSEN1 knockin mice, define a mechanism linking dysfunction and mistrafficking in lysosomal pathways to neuritic dystrophy under neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearl P. Y. Lie
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lang Yoo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Chris N. Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Martin J. Berg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Philip Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Chunfeng Huo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases: An interplay among axonal transport failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation? Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101628. [PMID: 35779975 PMCID: PMC9807734 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of selected neuronal populations. A significant risk factor for most NDs is aging. Considering the constant increase in life expectancy, NDs represent a global public health burden. Axonal transport (AT) is a central cellular process underlying the generation and maintenance of neuronal architecture and connectivity. Deficits in AT appear to be a common thread for most, if not all, NDs. Neuroinflammation has been notoriously difficult to define in relation to NDs. Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process in the CNS, which varies depending on the disease stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that AT defect, axonopathy and neuroinflammation are tightly interlaced. However, whether these impairments play a causative role in NDs or are merely a downstream effect of neuronal degeneration remains unsettled. We still lack reliable information on the temporal relationship between these pathogenic mechanisms, although several findings suggest that they may occur early during ND pathophysiology. This article will review the latest evidence emerging on whether the interplay between AT perturbations and some aspects of CNS inflammation can participate in ND etiology, analyze their potential as therapeutic targets, and the urge to identify early surrogate biomarkers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kumari A, Kumar C, Wasnik N, Mylavarapu SVS. Dynein light intermediate chains as pivotal determinants of dynein multifunctionality. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268315. [PMID: 34014309 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal cells, a single cytoplasmic dynein motor mediates microtubule minus-end-directed transport, counterbalancing dozens of plus-end-directed kinesins. The remarkable ability of dynein to interact with a diverse cargo spectrum stems from its tightly regulated recruitment of cargo-specific adaptor proteins, which engage the dynactin complex to make a tripartite processive motor. Adaptor binding is governed by the homologous dynein light intermediate chain subunits LIC1 (DYNC1LI1) and LIC2 (DYNC1LI2), which exist in mutually exclusive dynein complexes that can perform both unique and overlapping functions. The intrinsically disordered and variable C-terminal domains of the LICs are indispensable for engaging a variety of structurally divergent adaptors. Here, we hypothesize that numerous spatiotemporally regulated permutations of posttranslational modifications of the LICs, as well as of the adaptors and cargoes, exponentially expand the spectrum of dynein-adaptor-cargo complexes. We thematically illustrate the possibilities that could generate a vast set of biochemical variations required to support the wide range of dynein functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Neeraj Wasnik
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ferreira APA, Casamento A, Carrillo Roas S, Halff EF, Panambalana J, Subramaniam S, Schützenhofer K, Chan Wah Hak L, McGourty K, Thalassinos K, Kittler JT, Martinvalet D, Boucrot E. Cdk5 and GSK3β inhibit fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2424. [PMID: 33893293 PMCID: PMC8065113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and cell surface proteins. Fast Endophilin-mediated endocytosis, FEME, is not constitutively active but triggered upon receptor activation. High levels of growth factors induce spontaneous FEME, which can be suppressed upon serum starvation. This suggested a role for protein kinases in this growth factor receptor-mediated regulation. Using chemical and genetic inhibition, we find that Cdk5 and GSK3β are negative regulators of FEME. They antagonize the binding of Endophilin to Dynamin-1 and to CRMP4, a Plexin A1 adaptor. This control is required for proper axon elongation, branching and growth cone formation in hippocampal neurons. The kinases also block the recruitment of Dynein onto FEME carriers by Bin1. As GSK3β binds to Endophilin, it imposes a local regulation of FEME. Thus, Cdk5 and GSK3β are key regulators of FEME, licensing cells for rapid uptake by the pathway only when their activity is low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio P A Ferreira
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Casamento
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Carrillo Roas
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Els F Halff
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Panambalana
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaan Subramaniam
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Kira Schützenhofer
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Chan Wah Hak
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cellular and Viral Determinants of HSV-1 Entry and Intracellular Transport towards Nucleus of Infected Cells. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02434-20. [PMID: 33472938 PMCID: PMC8092704 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02434-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
HSV-1 employs cellular motor proteins and modulates kinase pathways to facilitate intracellular virion capsid transport. Previously, we and others have shown that the Akt inhibitor miltefosine inhibited virus entry. Herein, we show that the protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (STS) and gouml inhibited HSV-1 entry into Vero cells, and that miltefosine prevents HSV-1 capsid transport toward the nucleus. We have reported that the HSV-1 UL37 tegument protein interacts with the dynein motor complex during virus entry and virion egress, while others have shown that the UL37/UL36 protein complex binds dynein and kinesin causing a saltatory movement of capsids in neuronal axons. Co-immoprecipitation experiments confirmed previous findings from our laboratory that the UL37 protein interacted with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC) at early times post infection. This UL37-DIC interaction was concurrent with DIC phosphorylation in infected, but not mock-infected cells. Miltefosine inhibited dynein phosphorylation when added before, but not after virus entry. Inhibition of motor accessory protein dynactins (DCTN2, DCTN3), the adaptor proteins EB1 and the Bicaudal D homolog 2 (BICD2) expression using lentiviruses expressing specific shRNAs, inhibited intracellular transport of virion capsids toward the nucleus of human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the major capsid protein Vp5 interacted with dynactins (DCTN1/p150 and DCTN4/p62) and the end-binding protein (EB1) at early times post infection. These results show that Akt and kinase C are involved in virus entry and intracellular transport of virion capsids, but not in dynein activation via phosphorylation. Importantly, both the UL37 and Vp5 viral proteins are involved in dynein-dependent transport of virion capsids to the nuclei of infected cells.Importance. Herpes simplex virus type-1 enter either via fusion at the plasma membranes or endocytosis depositing the virion capsids into the cytoplasm of infected cells. The viral capsids utilize the dynein motor complex to move toward the nuclei of infected cells using the microtubular network. This work shows that inhibitors of the Akt kinase and kinase C inhibit not only viral entry into cells but also virion capsid transport toward the nucleus. In addition, the work reveals that the virion protein ICP5 (VP5) interacts with the dynein cofactor dynactin, while the UL37 protein interacts with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC). Importantly, neither Akt nor Kinase C was found to be responsible for phosphorylation/activation of dynein indicating that other cellular or viral kinases may be involved.
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo W, Vandoorne T, Steyaert J, Staats KA, Van Den Bosch L. The multifaceted role of kinases in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: genetic, pathological and therapeutic implications. Brain 2021; 143:1651-1673. [PMID: 32206784 PMCID: PMC7296858 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common degenerative disorder of motor neurons in adults. As there is no cure, thousands of individuals who are alive at present will succumb to the disease. In recent years, numerous causative genes and risk factors for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been identified. Several of the recently identified genes encode kinases. In addition, the hypothesis that (de)phosphorylation processes drive the disease process resulting in selective motor neuron degeneration in different disease variants has been postulated. We re-evaluate the evidence for this hypothesis based on recent findings and discuss the multiple roles of kinases in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis. We propose that kinases could represent promising therapeutic targets. Mainly due to the comprehensive regulation of kinases, however, a better understanding of the disturbances in the kinome network in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is needed to properly target specific kinases in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven-Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Steyaert
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim A Staats
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent Advances on the Role of GSK3β in the Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100675. [PMID: 32993098 PMCID: PMC7600609 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration. Although several studies on genes involved in ALS have substantially expanded and improved our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this disease remain poorly understood. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in the regulation of various cellular signaling pathways. Dysregulation of GSK3β activity in neuronal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous research indicates that GSK3β inactivation plays a neuroprotective role in ALS pathogenesis. GSK3β activity shows an increase in various ALS models and patients. Furthermore, GSK3β inhibition can suppress the defective phenotypes caused by SOD, TDP-43, and FUS expression in various models. This review focuses on the most recent studies related to the therapeutic effect of GSK3β in ALS and provides an overview of how the dysfunction of GSK3β activity contributes to ALS pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Naito Y, Asada N, Nguyen MD, Sanada K. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates cytoplasmic dynein behavior and contributes to neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Development 2020; 147:dev187310. [PMID: 32554528 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein contributes to radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing neocortex. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the nucleus-centrosome coupling, a key process for radial neuronal migration that relies on dynein. Depletion of the catalytic subunit of AMPK in migrating neurons impairs this coupling as well as neuronal migration. AMPK shows overlapping subcellular distribution with cytoplasmic dynein and the two proteins interact with each other. Pharmacological inhibition or activation of AMPK modifies the phosphorylation states of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and dynein functions. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylates DIC at Ser81. Expression of a phospho-resistant mutant of DIC retards neuronal migration in a similar way to AMPK depletion. Conversely, expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant of DIC alleviates impaired neuronal migration caused by AMPK depletion. Thus, AMPK-regulated dynein function via Ser81 DIC phosphorylation is crucial for radial neuronal migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Naito
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Asada
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4N1
| | - Kamon Sanada
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trostnikov MV, Veselkina ER, Krementsova AV, Boldyrev SV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. Modulated Expression of the Protein Kinase GSK3 in Motor and Dopaminergic Neurons Increases Female Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695143 PMCID: PMC7339944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express multiple transcripts and proteins, and a sophisticated gene expression strategy plays a crucial role in ensuring the cell-specificity of genetic information and the correctness of phenotypes. The Drosophila melanogaster gene shaggy encodes several isoforms of the conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is vitally important for multiple biological processes. To characterize the phenotypic effects of differential shaggy expression, we explored how the multidirectional modulation of the expression of the main GSK3 isoform, Shaggy-PB, in different tissues and cells affects lifespan. To this end, we used lines with transgenic constructs that encode mutant variants of the protein. The effect of shaggy misexpression on lifespan depended on the direction of the presumed change in GSK3 activity and the type of tissue/cell. The modulation of GSK3 activity in motor and dopaminergic neurons improved female lifespan but caused seemingly negative changes in the structural (mitochondrial depletion; neuronal loss) and functional (perturbed locomotion) properties of the nervous system, indicating the importance of analyzing the relationship between lifespan and healthspan in invertebrate models. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular bases of lifespan extension, demonstrating that the fine-tuning of transcript-specific shaggy expression in individual groups of neurons is sufficient to provide a sex-specific increase in survival and slow aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Trostnikov
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R Veselkina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Krementsova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Enzymatic and Catalytic Reactions, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan V Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Roshina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tempes A, Weslawski J, Brzozowska A, Jaworski J. Role of dynein-dynactin complex, kinesins, motor adaptors, and their phosphorylation in dendritogenesis. J Neurochem 2020; 155:10-28. [PMID: 32196676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristic features of different classes of neurons that is vital for their proper functioning within neuronal networks is the shape of their dendritic arbors. To properly develop dendritic trees, neurons need to accurately control the intracellular transport of various cellular cargo (e.g., mRNA, proteins, and organelles). Microtubules and motor proteins (e.g., dynein and kinesins) that move along microtubule tracks play an essential role in cargo sorting and transport to the most distal ends of neurons. Equally important are motor adaptors, which may affect motor activity and specify cargo that is transported by the motor. Such transport undergoes very dynamic fine-tuning in response to changes in the extracellular environment and synaptic transmission. Such regulation is achieved by the phosphorylation of motors, motor adaptors, and cargo, among other mechanisms. This review focuses on the contribution of the dynein-dynactin complex, kinesins, their adaptors, and the phosphorylation of these proteins in the formation of dendritic trees by maturing neurons. We primarily review the effects of the motor activity of these proteins in dendrites on dendritogenesis. We also discuss less anticipated mechanisms that contribute to dendrite growth, such as dynein-driven axonal transport and non-motor functions of kinesins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tempes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Weslawski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fellows AD, Rhymes ER, Gibbs KL, Greensmith L, Schiavo G. IGF1R regulates retrograde axonal transport of signalling endosomes in motor neurons. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49129. [PMID: 32030864 PMCID: PMC7054680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling endosomes are essential for trafficking of activated ligand-receptor complexes and their distal signalling, ultimately leading to neuronal survival. Although deficits in signalling endosome transport have been linked to neurodegeneration, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling this process remains incomplete. Here, we describe a new modulator of signalling endosome trafficking, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). We show that IGF1R inhibition increases the velocity of signalling endosomes in motor neuron axons, both in vitro and in vivo. This effect is specific, since IGF1R inhibition does not alter the axonal transport of mitochondria or lysosomes. Our results suggest that this change in trafficking is linked to the dynein adaptor bicaudal D1 (BICD1), as IGF1R inhibition results in an increase in the de novo synthesis of BICD1 in the axon of motor neurons. Finally, we found that IGF1R inhibition can improve the deficits in signalling endosome transport observed in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Taken together, these findings suggest that IGF1R inhibition may be a new therapeutic target for ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Fellows
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Elena R Rhymes
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Katherine L Gibbs
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.,Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Guo W, Stoklund Dittlau K, Van Den Bosch L. Axonal transport defects and neurodegeneration: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 99:133-150. [PMID: 31542222 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because of the extremely polarized morphology, the proper functioning of neurons largely relies on the efficient cargo transport along the axon. Axonal transport defects have been reported in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as an early pathological feature. The discovery of mutations in human genes involved in the transport machinery provide a direct causative relationship between axonal transport defects and neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the current genetic findings related to axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases, and we discuss the relationship between axonal transport defects and other pathological changes observed in neurodegeneration. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic approaches targeting the axonal transport machinery in studies of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we review the technical advances in tracking axonal transport both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven-Stem Cell Institute (SCIL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fokin Artem I, Zhapparova Olga N, Burakov Anton V, Nadezhdina Elena S. Centrosome-derived microtubule radial array, PCM-1 protein, and primary cilia formation. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1361-1373. [PMID: 31079229 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In animal cells, the centrosome nucleates and anchors microtubules (MT), forming their radial array. During interphase centrosome-derived MT, aster can either team up with other MT network or function in an autonomous manner. What is the function of the centrosome-derived MT aster? We suggested that it might play an important role in the formation of the primary cilium, the organelle obligatorily associated with the centrosome. PCM-1 (PeriCentriolar Matrix 1) protein, which participates in the organization of the primary cilium, is a part of pericentiolar satellites. They are transported to the centrosome along MTs by the motor protein dynein in a complex with its cofactor dynactin. Previously, we showed that SLK/LOSK phosphorylated the p150Glued subunit of dynactin, thus promoting its centrosomal targeting followed by its participation in the retention of microtubules. Here, we found that under the repression of SLK/LOSK activity, the PCM-1 protein lost its pericentrosomal localization and was being dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Despite that the alanine and glutamine mutants of p150Glued had opposite effects on PCM-1 localization, they associated with PCM-1 to the same extent. The occurrence of primary cilia also significantly decreased when SLK/LOSK was repressed. These defects also correlated with a disturbance of the long-range transport in cells, whereas dynein-depending motility was intact. Treatment with the GSK-3β kinase inhibitor also resulted in the loss of the centrosome-derived MT aster, dispersion of PCM-1 over the cytoplasm, and reduction of primary cilia occurrence. Thus, kinases involved in the centrosome-derived MT aster regulation can indirectly control the formation of primary cilia in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Fokin Artem
- A.N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobjevy Gory, 1 bld.73, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - N Zhapparova Olga
- A.N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobjevy Gory, 1 bld.73, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - V Burakov Anton
- A.N. Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobjevy Gory, 1 bld.73, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - S Nadezhdina Elena
- Department of Cell Biology of Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova ul., 34, Moscow, Russian Federation, 117334.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan R, Cheng H, Li H, Tu Y. Clinical Chemistry Route for Investigation of Alzheimer's Disease: A Label-Free Electrochemiluminescent Biosensor for Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3758-3768. [PMID: 31322849 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel label-free electrochemiluminescent (ECL) biosensor for the detection of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). A simple and feasible sensor was prepared by a two-step process. A polymeric coordination layer of phosphorylated poly vinyl with Zr4+ was used as the sensory hosting matrix because it efficiently formed a complex. The exterior Zr4+ can further combine with another phosphate through coordination, and GSK-3β catalyzes the phosphorylation of protein molecules. Thus, the biosensor can detect GSK-3β using luminol as an ECL probe. The ECL intensity of the proposed sensor responded proportionally to the concentration of GSK-3β under direct immersion mode with a linear response in a logarithmic scale over the wide range from 0.5 to 91.5 ng L-1 and a detection limit of 0.055 ng L-1. Excellent selectivity, stability, and reproducibility were achieved using the prepared biosensor, which has a simple preparation, low cost, and disposable suitability. This work aims to provide a novel tool for early diagnosis and pathological mechanism exploration about AD by detecting inchoate change of GSK-3β content in body fluid, thus to precaution the risk of Alzheimer's disease. It is of great importance for clinical chemistry for the investigation of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Tu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Disordered Expression of shaggy, the Drosophila Gene Encoding a Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase GSK3, Affects the Lifespan in a Transcript-, Stage-, and Tissue-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092200. [PMID: 31060255 PMCID: PMC6540023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) is a conserved protein kinase governing numerous regulatory pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, GSK3 is encoded by shaggy (sgg), which forms 17 annotated transcripts corresponding to 10 protein isoforms. Our goal was to demonstrate how differential sgg transcription affects lifespan, which GSK3 isoforms are important for the nervous system, and which changes in the nervous system accompany accelerated aging. Overexpression of three sgg transcripts affected the lifespan in a stage- and tissue-specific way: sgg-RA and sgg-RO affected the lifespan only when overexpressed in muscles and in embryos, respectively; the essential sgg-RB transcript affected lifespan when overexpressed in all tissues tested. In the nervous system, only sgg-RB overexpression affected lifespan, causing accelerated aging in a neuron-specific way, with the strongest effects in dopaminergic neurons and the weakest effects in GABAergic neurons. Pan-neuronal sgg-RB overexpression violated the properties of the nervous system, including the integrity of neuron bodies; the number, distribution, and structure of mitochondria; cytoskeletal characteristics; and synaptic activity. Such changes observed in young individuals indicated premature aging of their nervous system, which paralleled a decline in survival. Our findings demonstrated the key role of GSK3 in ensuring the link between the pathology of neurons and lifespan.
Collapse
|
23
|
Banerjee R, Rudloff Z, Naylor C, Yu MC, Gunawardena S. The presenilin loop region is essential for glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) mediated functions on motor proteins during axonal transport. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2986-3001. [PMID: 29790963 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons require intracellular transport of essential components for function and viability and defects in transport has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). One possible mechanism by which transport defects could occur is by improper regulation of molecular motors. Previous work showed that reduction of presenilin (PS) or glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) stimulated amyloid precursor protein vesicle motility. Excess GSK3β caused transport defects and increased motor binding to membranes, while reduction of PS decreased active GSK3β and motor binding to membranes. Here, we report that functional PS and the catalytic loop region of PS is essential for the rescue of GSK3β-mediated axonal transport defects. Disruption of PS loop (PSΔE9) or expression of the non-functional PS variant, PSD447A, failed to rescue axonal blockages in vivo. Further, active GSK3β associated with and phosphorylated kinesin-1 in vitro. Our observations together with previous work that showed that the loop region of PS interacts with GSK3β propose a scaffolding mechanism for PS in which the loop region sequesters GSK3β away from motors for the proper regulation of motor function. These findings are important to uncouple the complex regulatory mechanisms that likely exist for motor activity during axonal transport in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Zoe Rudloff
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Crystal Naylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Michael C Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Even I, Reidenbach S, Schlechter T, Berns N, Herold R, Roth W, Krunic D, Riechmann V, Hofmann I. DLIC
1
, but not
DLIC
2
, is upregulated in colon cancer and this contributes to proliferative overgrowth and migratory characteristics of cancer cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:803-820. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ipek Even
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM) Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Sonja Reidenbach
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tanja Schlechter
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicola Berns
- Department for Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Rosanna Herold
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Tumor Pathology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Veit Riechmann
- Department for Cell and Molecular Biology Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis German Cancer Research Center DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis (CBTM) Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chapman DE, Reddy BJN, Huy B, Bovyn MJ, Cruz SJS, Al-Shammari ZM, Han H, Wang W, Smith DS, Gross SP. Regulation of in vivo dynein force production by CDK5 and 14-3-3ε and KIAA0528. Nat Commun 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 30651536 PMCID: PMC6335402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule cytoplasmic dynein function is well understood, but there are major gaps in mechanistic understanding of cellular dynein regulation. We reported a mode of dynein regulation, force adaptation, where lipid droplets adapt to opposition to motion by increasing the duration and magnitude of force production, and found LIS1 and NudEL to be essential. Adaptation reflects increasing NudEL-LIS1 utilization; here, we hypothesize that such increasing utilization reflects CDK5-mediated NudEL phosphorylation, which increases the dynein-NudEL interaction, and makes force adaptation possible. We report that CDK5, 14-3-3ε, and CDK5 cofactor KIAA0528 together promote NudEL phosphorylation and are essential for force adaptation. By studying the process in COS-1 cells lacking Tau, we avoid confounding neuronal effects of CDK5 on microtubules. Finally, we extend this in vivo regulatory pathway to lysosomes and mitochondria. Ultimately, we show that dynein force adaptation can control the severity of lysosomal tug-of-wars among other intracellular transport functions involving high force. Dynein plays roles in vesicular, organelle, chromosomal and nuclear transport but so far it is unclear how dynein activity in cells is regulated. Here authors study several dynein cofactors and their role in force adaptation of dynein during lipid droplet, lysosomal, and mitochondrial transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dail E Chapman
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Babu J N Reddy
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bunchhin Huy
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Bovyn
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephen John S Cruz
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zahraa M Al-Shammari
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Han Han
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Deanna S Smith
- Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven P Gross
- Developmental and Cell Biology and Physics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cheng B, Gao F, Maissy E, Xu P. Repurposing suramin for the treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis with glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:378-390. [PMID: 30528604 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Suramin (SM), a drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness therapy, has been investigated in various clinical trials for cancer therapy. However, SM was eventually withdrawn from the market because of its narrow therapeutic window and the side effects associated with multiple targets. In this work, we developed a simple but effective system based on a nontoxic dose of SM combined with a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SM and glycol chitosan (GCS) formed nanogels because of the electrostatic effect, whereas doxorubicin (DOX) was incorporated into the system through the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between DOX and GCS as well as the ionic interactions between DOX and SM to yield GCS-SM/DOX nanoparticles (NPs). GCS-SM/DOX NPs have a size of approximately 186 nm and a spherical morphology. In vitro experiments showed that GCS-SM NPs could effectively inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as angiogenesis. Furthermore, in a TNBC lung metastasis animal model, GCS-SM/DOX NPs significantly reduced tumor burden and extended the lifespan of animals, while not inducing cardio and renal toxicities associated with the DOX and SM, respectively. As all the components used in this system are biocompatible and easy for large-scale fabrication, the GCS-SM/DOX system is highly translatable for the metastatic breast cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The doxorubicin-loaded glycol chitosan-suramin nanoparticle (GCS-SM/DOX) is novel in the following aspects: SM acts as not only a gelator for the first time in the preparation of the nanoparticle but also an active pharmaceutical agent in the dosage form. GCS-SM/DOX NP significantly reduced tumor burden and extended the lifespan of animals with triple-negative breast cancer lung metastasis. GCS-SM/DOX NPs attenuate cardio and renal toxicities associated with the DOX and SM. The GCS-SM/DOX system is highly translatable because of its simple, one-pot, and easy-to-scale-up preparation protocol.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lim WM, Ito Y, Sakata-Sogawa K, Tokunaga M. CLIP-170 is essential for MTOC repositioning during T cell activation by regulating dynein localisation on the cell surface. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17447. [PMID: 30487641 PMCID: PMC6261991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) is repositioned to the centre of the contacted cell surface, the immunological synapse, during T cell activation. However, our understanding of its molecular mechanism remains limited. Here, we found that the microtubule plus-end tracking cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP-170) plays a novel role in MTOC repositioning using fluorescence imaging. Inhibition of CLIP-170 phosphorylation impaired both MTOC repositioning and interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression. T cell stimulation induced some fraction of dynein to colocalise with CLIP-170 and undergo plus-end tracking. Concurrently, it increased dynein in minus-end-directed movement. It also increased dynein relocation to the centre of the contact surface. Dynein not colocalised with CLIP-170 showed both an immobile state and minus-end-directed movement at a velocity in good agreement with the velocity of MTOC repositioning, which suggests that dynein at the immunological synapse may pull the microtubules and the MTOC. Although CLIP-170 is phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) irrespective of stimulation, phosphorylated CLIP-170 is essential for dynein recruitment to plus-end tracking and for dynein relocation. This indicates that dynein relocation results from coexistence of plus-end- and minus-end-directed translocation. In conclusion, CLIP-170 plays an indispensable role in MTOC repositioning and full activation of T cells by regulating dynein localisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ming Lim
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuma Ito
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakata-Sogawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Makio Tokunaga
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
An Essential Postdevelopmental Role for Lis1 in Mice. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0350-17. [PMID: 29404402 PMCID: PMC5797476 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0350-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 mutations cause lissencephaly (LIS), a severe developmental brain malformation. Much less is known about its role in the mature nervous system. LIS1 regulates the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), and as LIS1 and dynein are both expressed in the adult nervous system, Lis1 could potentially regulate dynein-dependent processes such as axonal transport. We therefore knocked out Lis1 in adult mice using tamoxifen-induced, Cre-ER-mediated recombination. When an actin promoter was used to drive Cre-ER expression (Act-Cre-ER), heterozygous Lis1 knockout (KO) caused no obvious change in viability or behavior, despite evidence of widespread recombination by a Cre reporter three weeks after tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, homozygous Lis1 KO caused the rapid onset of neurological symptoms in both male and female mice. One tamoxifen-dosing regimen caused prominent recombination in the midbrain/hindbrain, PNS, and cardiac/skeletal muscle within a week; these mice developed severe symptoms in that time frame and were killed. A different tamoxifen regimen resulted in delayed recombination in midbrain/hindbrain, but not in other tissues, and also delayed the onset of symptoms. This indicates that Lis1 loss in the midbrain/hindbrain causes the severe phenotype. In support of this, brainstem regions known to house cardiorespiratory centers showed signs of axonal dysfunction in KO animals. Transport defects, neurofilament (NF) alterations, and varicosities were observed in axons in cultured DRG neurons from KO animals. Because no symptoms were observed when a cardiac specific Cre-ER promoter was used, we propose a vital role for Lis1 in autonomic neurons and implicate defective axonal transport in the KO phenotype.
Collapse
|
29
|
Colorectal cancer cells require glycogen synthase kinase-3β for sustaining mitosis via translocated promoter region (TPR)-dynein interaction. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13337-13352. [PMID: 29568361 PMCID: PMC5862582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which mediates fundamental cellular signaling pathways, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). During mitosis, GSK3β localizes in mitotic spindles and centrosomes, however its function is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that translocated promoter region (TPR, a nuclear pore component) and dynein (a molecular motor) cooperatively contribute to mitotic spindle formation. Such knowledge encouraged us to investigate putative functional interactions among GSK3β, TPR, and dynein in the mitotic machinery of CRC cells. Here, we show that inhibition of GSK3β attenuated proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. Morphologically, GSK3β inhibition disrupted chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle assembly, and centrosome maturation during mitosis, ultimately resulting in mitotic cell death. These changes in CRC cells were associated with decreased expression of TPR and dynein, as well as disruption of their functional colocalization with GSK3β in mitotic spindles and centrosomes. Clinically, we showed that TPR expression was increased in CRC databases and primary tumors of CRC patients. Furthermore, TPR expression in SW480 cells xenografted into mice was reduced following treatment with GSK3β inhibitors. Together, these results indicate that GSK3β sustains steady mitotic processes for proliferation of CRC cells via interaction with TPR and dynein, thereby suggesting that the therapeutic effect of GSK3β inhibition depends on induction of mitotic catastrophe in CRC cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
De Vos KJ, Hafezparast M. Neurobiology of axonal transport defects in motor neuron diseases: Opportunities for translational research? Neurobiol Dis 2017; 105:283-299. [PMID: 28235672 PMCID: PMC5536153 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking of cargoes is an essential process to maintain the structure and function of all mammalian cell types, but especially of neurons because of their extreme axon/dendrite polarisation. Axonal transport mediates the movement of cargoes such as proteins, mRNA, lipids, membrane-bound vesicles and organelles that are mostly synthesised in the cell body and in doing so is responsible for their correct spatiotemporal distribution in the axon, for example at specialised sites such as nodes of Ranvier and synaptic terminals. In addition, axonal transport maintains the essential long-distance communication between the cell body and synaptic terminals that allows neurons to react to their surroundings via trafficking of for example signalling endosomes. Axonal transport defects are a common observation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, and mutations in components of the axonal transport machinery have unequivocally shown that impaired axonal transport can cause neurodegeneration (reviewed in El-Kadi et al., 2007, De Vos et al., 2008; Millecamps and Julien, 2013). Here we review our current understanding of axonal transport defects and the role they play in motor neuron diseases (MNDs) with a specific focus on the most common form of MND, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Majid Hafezparast
- Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bradshaw NJ, Hayashi MAF. NDE1 and NDEL1 from genes to (mal)functions: parallel but distinct roles impacting on neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric illness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1191-1210. [PMID: 27742926 PMCID: PMC11107680 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NDE1 (Nuclear Distribution Element 1, also known as NudE) and NDEL1 (NDE-Like 1, also known as NudEL) are the mammalian homologues of the fungus nudE gene, with important and at least partially overlapping roles for brain development. While a large number of studies describe the various properties and functions of these proteins, many do not directly compare the similarities and differences between NDE1 and NDEL1. Although sharing a high degree structural similarity and multiple common cellular roles, each protein presents several distinct features that justify their parallel but also unique functions. Notably both proteins have key binding partners in dynein, LIS1 and DISC1, which impact on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric illnesses. Both are implicated in schizophrenia through genetic and functional evidence, with NDE1 also strongly implicated in microcephaly, as well as other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions through copy number variation, while NDEL1 possesses an oligopeptidase activity with a unique potential as a biomarker in schizophrenia. In this review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of the various cellular roles of these proteins in a "bottom-up" manner, from their biochemistry and protein-protein interactions on the molecular level, up to the consequences for neuronal differentiation, and ultimately to their importance for correct cortical development, with direct consequences for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dynein Binding of Competitive Regulators Dynactin and NudE Involves Novel Interplay between Phosphorylation Site and Disordered Spliced Linkers. Structure 2017; 25:421-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Neisch AL, Neufeld TP, Hays TS. A STRIPAK complex mediates axonal transport of autophagosomes and dense core vesicles through PP2A regulation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:441-461. [PMID: 28100687 PMCID: PMC5294782 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in the cellular homeostasis of neurons, facilitating the clearance of cellular debris. This clearance process is orchestrated through the assembly, transport, and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes for degradation. The motor protein dynein drives autophagosome motility from distal sites of assembly to sites of lysosomal fusion. In this study, we identify the scaffold protein CKA (connector of kinase to AP-1) as essential for autophagosome transport in neurons. Together with other core components of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex, we show that CKA associates with dynein and directly binds Atg8a, an autophagosomal protein. CKA is a regulatory subunit of PP2A, a component of the STRIPAK complex. We propose that the STRIPAK complex modulates dynein activity. Consistent with this hypothesis, we provide evidence that CKA facilitates axonal transport of dense core vesicles and autophagosomes in a PP2A-dependent fashion. In addition, CKA-deficient flies exhibit PP2A-dependent motor coordination defects. CKA function within the STRIPAK complex is crucial to prevent transport defects that may contribute to neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Neisch
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas P Neufeld
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas S Hays
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao FJ, Shi L, Hines T, Hebbar S, Neufeld KL, Smith DS. Insulin signaling regulates a functional interaction between adenomatous polyposis coli and cytoplasmic dynein. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:587-599. [PMID: 28057765 PMCID: PMC5328618 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is linked to an increased risk for colorectal cancer, but the mechanistic underpinnings of this clinically important effect are unclear. Here we describe an interaction between the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein, the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein (APC), and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which could shed light on this issue. GSK-3β is perhaps best known for glycogen regulation, being inhibited downstream in an insulin-signaling pathway. However, the kinase is also important in many other processes. Mutations in APC that disrupt the regulation of β-catenin by GSK-3β cause colorectal cancer in humans. Of interest, both APC and GSK-3β interact with microtubules and cellular membranes. We recently demonstrated that dynein is a GSK-3β substrate and that inhibition of GSK-3β promotes dynein-dependent transport. We now report that dynein stimulation in intestinal cells in response to acute insulin exposure (or GSK-3β inhibition) is blocked by tumor-promoting isoforms of APC that reduce an interaction between wild-type APC and dynein. We propose that under normal conditions, insulin decreases dynein binding to APC to stimulate minus end-directed transport, which could modulate endocytic and secretory systems in intestinal cells. Mutations in APC likely impair the ability to respond appropriately to insulin signaling. This is exciting because it has the potential to be a contributing factor in the development of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng J Gao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Timothy Hines
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Sachin Hebbar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Deanna S Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brobeil A, Dietel E, Gattenlöhner S, Wimmer M. Orchestrating cellular signaling pathways-the cellular "conductor" protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51). Cell Tissue Res 2016; 368:411-423. [PMID: 27734150 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51) is thought to regulate crucial cellular functions such as mitosis, apoptosis, migration, differentiation and communication between organelles as a scaffold protein. These diverse functions are modulated by the tyrosine/serine phosphorylation status of PTPIP51. This review interconnects the insights obtained about the action of PTPIP51 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, nuclear factor kB signaling, calcium homeostasis and chromosomal segregation and identifies important signaling hubs. The interference of PTPIP51 in such multiprotein complexes and their PTPIP51-modulated cross-talk makes PTPIP51 an ideal target for novel drugs such as the small molecule LDC-3. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brobeil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Institute of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Eric Dietel
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Monika Wimmer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Neurons demand vast and vacillating supplies of energy. As the key contributors of this energy, as well as primary pools of calcium and signaling molecules, mitochondria must be where the neuron needs them, when the neuron needs them. The unique architecture and length of neurons, however, make them a complex system for mitochondria to navigate. To add to this difficulty, mitochondria are synthesized mainly in the soma, but must be transported as far as the distant terminals of the neuron. Similarly, damaged mitochondria-which can cause oxidative stress to the neuron-must fuse with healthy mitochondria to repair the damage, return all the way back to the soma for disposal, or be eliminated at the terminals. Increasing evidence suggests that the improper distribution of mitochondria in neurons can lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we will discuss the machinery and regulatory systems used to properly distribute mitochondria in neurons, and how this knowledge has been leveraged to better understand neurological dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Course
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xinnan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
White JA, Banerjee R, Gunawardena S. Axonal Transport and Neurodegeneration: How Marine Drugs Can Be Used for the Development of Therapeutics. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E102. [PMID: 27213408 PMCID: PMC4882576 DOI: 10.3390/md14050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike virtually any other cells in the human body, neurons are tasked with the unique problem of transporting important factors from sites of synthesis at the cell bodies, across enormous distances, along narrow-caliber projections, to distally located nerve terminals in order to maintain cell viability. As a result, axonal transport is a highly regulated process whereby necessary cargoes of all types are packaged and shipped from one end of the neuron to the other. Interruptions in this finely tuned transport have been linked to many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) suggesting that this pathway is likely perturbed early in disease progression. Therefore, developing therapeutics targeted at modifying transport defects could potentially avert disease progression. In this review, we examine a variety of potential compounds identified from marine aquatic species that affect the axonal transport pathway. These compounds have been shown to function in microtubule (MT) assembly and maintenance, motor protein control, and in the regulation of protein degradation pathways, such as the autophagy-lysosome processes, which are defective in many degenerative diseases. Therefore, marine compounds have great potential in developing effective treatment strategies aimed at early defects which, over time, will restore transport and prevent cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A White
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Rupkatha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Shermali Gunawardena
- Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ogawa F, Murphy LC, Malavasi ELV, O’Sullivan ST, Torrance HS, Porteous DJ, Millar JK. NDE1 and GSK3β Associate with TRAK1 and Regulate Axonal Mitochondrial Motility: Identification of Cyclic AMP as a Novel Modulator of Axonal Mitochondrial Trafficking. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:553-64. [PMID: 26815013 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function, providing the energy required to power neurotransmission, and fulfilling many important additional roles. In neurons, mitochondria must be efficiently transported to sites, including synapses, where their functions are required. Neurons, with their highly elongated morphology, are consequently extremely sensitive to defective mitochondrial trafficking which can lead to neuronal ill-health/death. We recently demonstrated that DISC1 associates with mitochondrial trafficking complexes where it associates with the core kinesin and dynein adaptor molecule TRAK1. We now show that the DISC1 interactors NDE1 and GSK3β also associate robustly with TRAK1 and demonstrate that NDE1 promotes retrograde axonal mitochondrial movement. GSK3β is known to modulate axonal mitochondrial motility, although reports of its actual effect are conflicting. We show that, in our system, GSK3β promotes anterograde mitochondrial transport. Finally, we investigated the influence of cAMP elevation upon mitochondrial motility, and found a striking increase in mitochondrial motility and retrograde movement. DISC1, NDE1, and GSK3β are implicated as risk factors for major mental illness. Our demonstration that they function together within mitochondrial trafficking complexes suggests that defective mitochondrial transport may be a contributory disease mechanism in some cases of psychiatric disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ogawa
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Murphy
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Elise L. V. Malavasi
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Shane T. O’Sullivan
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Helen S. Torrance
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kirsty Millar
- University
of Edinburgh Centre
for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gibbs KL, Greensmith L, Schiavo G. Regulation of Axonal Transport by Protein Kinases. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 40:597-610. [PMID: 26410600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular transport of organelles, proteins, lipids, and RNA along the axon is essential for neuronal function and survival. This process, called axonal transport, is mediated by two classes of ATP-dependent motors, kinesins, and cytoplasmic dynein, which carry their cargoes along microtubule tracks. Protein kinases regulate axonal transport through direct phosphorylation of motors, adapter proteins, and cargoes, and indirectly through modification of the microtubule network. The misregulation of axonal transport by protein kinases has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several nervous system disorders. Here, we review the role of protein kinases acting directly on axonal transport and discuss how their deregulation affects neuronal function, paving the way for the exploitation of these enzymes as novel drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Gibbs
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barnhart EL. Mechanics of mitochondrial motility in neurons. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 38:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|