1
|
Lipid Polarization during Cytokinesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243977. [PMID: 36552741 PMCID: PMC9776629 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is composed of a large number of lipid species that are laterally segregated into functional domains as well as asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. Additionally, the spatial distribution and organization of these lipids dramatically change in response to various cellular states, such as cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis. Division of one cell into two daughter cells is one of the most fundamental requirements for the sustenance of growth in all living organisms. The successful completion of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division, is critically dependent on the spatial distribution and organization of specific lipids. In this review, we discuss the properties of various lipid species associated with cytokinesis and the mechanisms involved in their polarization, including forward trafficking, endocytic recycling, local synthesis, and cortical flow models. The differences in lipid species requirements and distribution in mitotic vs. male meiotic cells will be discussed. We will concentrate on sphingolipids and phosphatidylinositols because their transbilayer organization and movement may be linked via the cytoskeleton and thus critically regulate various steps of cytokinesis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Andrade V, Bai J, Gupta-Rossi N, Jimenez AJ, Delevoye C, Lamaze C, Echard A. Caveolae promote successful abscission by controlling intercellular bridge tension during cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5095. [PMID: 35417244 PMCID: PMC9007517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During cytokinesis, the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells experiences pulling forces, which delay abscission by preventing the assembly of the ESCRT scission machinery. Abscission is thus triggered by tension release, but how ICB tension is controlled is unknown. Here, we report that caveolae, which are known to regulate membrane tension upon mechanical stress in interphase cells, are located at the midbody, at the abscission site, and at the ICB/cell interface in dividing cells. Functionally, the loss of caveolae delays ESCRT-III recruitment during cytokinesis and impairs abscission. This is the consequence of a twofold increase of ICB tension measured by laser ablation, associated with a local increase in myosin II activity at the ICB/cell interface. We thus propose that caveolae buffer membrane tension and limit contractibility at the ICB to promote ESCRT-III assembly and cytokinetic abscission. Together, this work reveals an unexpected connection between caveolae and the ESCRT machinery and the first role of caveolae in cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jian Bai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Neetu Gupta-Rossi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Joaquina Jimenez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
From primordial germ cells to spermatids in Caenorhabditis elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:110-120. [PMID: 34930663 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of a syncytial germline for gamete formation requires complex regulation of cytokinesis and cytoplasmic remodeling. Recently, several uncovered cellular events have been investigated in the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline. In these cellular processes, the factors involved in contractility are highly conserved with those of mitosis and meiosis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are far more complicated than previously thought, likely due to the single syncytial germline structure. In this review, we highlight how the proteins involved in contractility ensure faithful cell division in different cellular contexts and how they contribute to maintaining intercellular bridge stability. In addition, we discuss the current understanding of the cellular events of cytokinesis and cytoplasmic remodeling during the development of the C. elegans germline, including progenitor germ cells, germ cells, and spermatocytes. Comparisons are made with relevant systems in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) and other animal models.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lasunción MA, Martínez-Botas J, Martín-Sánchez C, Busto R, Gómez-Coronado D. Cell cycle dependence on the mevalonate pathway: Role of cholesterol and non-sterol isoprenoids. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114623. [PMID: 34052188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is responsible for the synthesis of isoprenoids, including sterols and other metabolites that are essential for diverse biological functions. Cholesterol, the main sterol in mammals, and non-sterol isoprenoids are in high demand by rapidly dividing cells. As evidence of its importance, many cell signaling pathways converge on the mevalonate pathway and these include those involved in proliferation, tumor-promotion, and tumor-suppression. As well as being a fundamental building block of cell membranes, cholesterol plays a key role in maintaining their lipid organization and biophysical properties, and it is crucial for the function of proteins located in the plasma membrane. Importantly, cholesterol and other mevalonate derivatives are essential for cell cycle progression, and their deficiency blocks different steps in the cycle. Furthermore, the accumulation of non-isoprenoid mevalonate derivatives can cause DNA replication stress. Identification of the mechanisms underlying the effects of cholesterol and other mevalonate derivatives on cell cycle progression may be useful in the search for new inhibitors, or the repurposing of preexisting cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors to target cancer cell division. In this review, we discuss the dependence of cell division on an active mevalonate pathway and the role of different mevalonate derivatives in cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| | - Javier Martínez-Botas
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Covadonga Martín-Sánchez
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Key J, Harter PN, Sen NE, Gradhand E, Auburger G, Gispert S. Mid-Gestation lethality of Atxn2l-Ablated Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5124. [PMID: 32698485 PMCID: PMC7404131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of yeast/fly Ataxin-2 rescues TDP-43 overexpression toxicity. In mouse models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis via TDP-43 overexpression, depletion of its ortholog ATXN2 mitigated motor neuron degeneration and extended lifespan from 25 days to >300 days. There is another ortholog in mammals, named ATXN2L (Ataxin-2-like), which is almost uncharacterized but also functions in RNA surveillance at stress granules. We generated mice with Crispr/Cas9-mediated deletion of Atxn2l exons 5-8, studying homozygotes prenatally and heterozygotes during aging. Our novel findings indicate that ATXN2L absence triggers mid-gestational embryonic lethality, affecting female animals more strongly. Weight and development stages of homozygous mutants were reduced. Placenta phenotypes were not apparent, but brain histology showed lamination defects and apoptosis. Aged heterozygotes showed no locomotor deficits or weight loss over 12 months. Null mutants in vivo displayed compensatory efforts to maximize Atxn2l expression, which were prevented upon nutrient abundance in vitro. Mouse embryonal fibroblast cells revealed more multinucleated giant cells upon ATXN2L deficiency. In addition, in human neural cells, transcript levels of ATXN2L were induced upon starvation and glucose and amino acids exposure, but this induction was partially prevented by serum or low cholesterol administration. Neither ATXN2L depletion triggered dysregulation of ATXN2, nor a converse effect was observed. Overall, this essential role of ATXN2L for embryogenesis raises questions about its role in neurodegenerative diseases and neuroprotective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Key
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 7, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute for Pathology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai-7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Georg Auburger
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Exp. Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.K.); (N.-E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kiatpakdee B, Sato K, Otsuka Y, Arashiki N, Chen Y, Tsumita T, Otsu W, Yamamoto A, Kawata R, Yamazaki J, Sugimoto Y, Takada K, Mohandas N, Inaba M. Cholesterol-binding protein TSPO2 coordinates maturation and proliferation of terminally differentiating erythroblasts. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8048-8063. [PMID: 32358067 PMCID: PMC7278357 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TSPO2 (translocator protein 2) is a transmembrane protein specifically expressed in late erythroblasts and has been postulated to mediate intracellular redistribution of cholesterol. We identified TSPO2 as the causative gene for the HK (high-K+) trait with immature red cell phenotypes in dogs and investigated the effects of the TSPO2 defects on erythropoiesis in HK dogs with the TSPO2 mutation and Tspo2 knockout (Tspo2−/−) mouse models. Bone marrow–derived erythroblasts from HK dogs showed increased binucleated and apoptotic cells at various stages of maturation and shed large nuclei with incomplete condensation when cultured in the presence of erythropoietin, indicating impaired maturation and cytokinesis. The canine TSPO2 induces cholesterol accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and could thereby regulate cholesterol availability by changing intracellular cholesterol distribution in erythroblasts. Tspo2−/− mice consistently showed impaired cytokinesis with increased binucleated erythroblasts, resulting in compensated anemia, and their red cell membranes had increased Na,K-ATPase, resembling the HK phenotype in dogs. Tspo2-deficient mouse embryonic stem cell–derived erythroid progenitor (MEDEP) cells exhibited similar morphological defects associated with a cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, resulting in decreased cell proliferation and had a depletion in intracellular unesterified and esterified cholesterol. When the terminal maturation was induced, Tspo2−/− MEDEP cells showed delays in hemoglobinization; maturation-associated phenotypic changes in CD44, CD71, and TER119 expression; and cell-cycle progression. Taken together, these findings imply that TSPO2 is essential for coordination of maturation and proliferation of erythroblasts during normal erythropoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Kiatpakdee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Otsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuto Arashiki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumita
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akito Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reo Kawata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Takada
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mutsumi Inaba
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blank HM, Papoulas O, Maitra N, Garge R, Kennedy BK, Schilling B, Marcotte EM, Polymenis M. Abundances of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites in the cell cycle of budding yeast reveal coordinate control of lipid metabolism. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1069-1084. [PMID: 32129706 PMCID: PMC7346729 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-12-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing the pattern of abundance of molecules of interest during cell division has been a long-standing goal of cell cycle studies. Here, for the first time in any system, we present experiment-matched datasets of the levels of RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and lipids from unarrested, growing, and synchronously dividing yeast cells. Overall, transcript and protein levels were correlated, but specific processes that appeared to change at the RNA level (e.g., ribosome biogenesis) did not do so at the protein level, and vice versa. We also found no significant changes in codon usage or the ribosome content during the cell cycle. We describe an unexpected mitotic peak in the abundance of ergosterol and thiamine biosynthesis enzymes. Although the levels of several metabolites changed in the cell cycle, by far the most significant changes were in the lipid repertoire, with phospholipids and triglycerides peaking strongly late in the cell cycle. Our findings provide an integrated view of the abundance of biomolecules in the eukaryotic cell cycle and point to a coordinate mitotic control of lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Blank
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Nairita Maitra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Riddhiman Garge
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 117609.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945
| | | | - Edward M Marcotte
- Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael Polymenis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thottacherry JJ, Sathe M, Prabhakara C, Mayor S. Spoiled for Choice: Diverse Endocytic Pathways Function at the Cell Surface. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:55-84. [PMID: 31283376 PMCID: PMC6917507 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis has long been identified as a key cellular process involved in bringing in nutrients, in clearing cellular debris in tissue, in the regulation of signaling, and in maintaining cell membrane compositional homeostasis. While clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been most extensively studied, a number of clathrin-independent endocytic pathways are continuing to be delineated. Here we provide a current survey of the different types of endocytic pathways available at the cell surface and discuss a new classification and plausible molecular mechanisms for some of the less characterized pathways. Along with an evolutionary perspective of the origins of some of these pathways, we provide an appreciation of the distinct roles that these pathways play in various aspects of cellular physiology, including the control of signaling and membrane tension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Jose Thottacherry
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Mugdha Sathe
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Chaitra Prabhakara
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India;
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar H, Pushpa K, Kumari A, Verma K, Pergu R, Mylavarapu SVS. The exocyst complex and Rab5 are required for abscission by localizing ESCRT III subunits to the cytokinetic bridge. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226001. [PMID: 31221728 PMCID: PMC6679584 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division following chromosome segregation that generates two daughter cells. The conserved exocyst complex is required for scission of the intercellular cytokinetic bridge, although the molecular mechanisms it employs in this process are unclear. We identify and validate the early endocytic GTPase Rab5 as interacting with the exocyst complex in mammalian cells. Rab5 localizes in the cytokinetic bridge and on the midbody ring in a manner similar to the exocyst complex. Depletion of Rab5 led to delayed abscission. Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs of both exocyst complex subunits and Rab5 localize along the cleavage furrow and are required for cytokinesis in early embryos. Cytokinetic cells depleted of either Rab5 or the exocyst subunits Exoc3 and Exoc4 showed impaired deposition of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) III subunits CHMP2B and/or CHMP4B near the midbody ring. The study reveals an evolutionarily conserved role for the early endocytic marker Rab5 in cytokinetic abscission. In addition, it uncovers a key requirement of the exocyst and Rab5 for the delivery of components of the membrane-severing ESCRT III machinery to complete cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kumari Pushpa
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kuldeep Verma
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Rajaiah Pergu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Endocytic pathways are broadly classified into clathrin dependent and independent on the basis of the requirement for the coat protein, clathrin. The molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the formation of clathrin-independent pathways are still being explored, and this review summarizes recent advances and emerging functional roles of these diverse pathways. In particular, this review will discuss the growing consensus on the role of BAR domain proteins and the actin machinery in different clathrin-independent pathways and its significance to the functions fulfilled by these endocytic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Hemalatha
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.,National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sathe M, Muthukrishnan G, Rae J, Disanza A, Thattai M, Scita G, Parton RG, Mayor S. Small GTPases and BAR domain proteins regulate branched actin polymerisation for clathrin and dynamin-independent endocytosis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1835. [PMID: 29743604 PMCID: PMC5943408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Using real-time TIRF microscopy imaging, we identify sites of clathrin and dynamin-independent CLIC/GEEC (CG) endocytic vesicle formation. This allows spatio-temporal localisation of known molecules affecting CG endocytosis; GBF1 (a GEF for ARF1), ARF1 and CDC42 which appear sequentially over 60 s, preceding scission. In an RNAi screen for BAR domain proteins affecting CG endocytosis, IRSp53 and PICK1, known interactors of CDC42 and ARF1, respectively, were selected. Removal of IRSp53, a negative curvature sensing protein, abolishes CG endocytosis. Furthermore, the identification of ARP2/3 complex at CG endocytic sites, maintained in an inactive state reveals a function for PICK1, an ARP2/3 inhibitor. The spatio-temporal sequence of the arrival and disappearance of the molecules suggest a mechanism for a clathrin and dynamin-independent endocytic process. Coincident with the loss of PICK1 by GBF1-activated ARF1, CDC42 recruitment leads to the activation of IRSp53 and the ARP2/3 complex, resulting in a burst of F-actin polymerisation potentially powering scission. Several endocytic pathways operate simultaneously at the cell surface, including the clathrin and dynamin-independent CLIC/GEEC (CG) pathway. Here the authors show that small GTPases and BAR domain proteins regulate branched actin to make clathrin and dynamin-independent endocytic vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sathe
- National Centre for Biological Science (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Gayatri Muthukrishnan
- National Centre for Biological Science (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - James Rae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Mukund Thattai
- National Centre for Biological Science (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.,Simons Centre for the Study of Living Machines, National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Science (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Furse S, Shearman GC. Do lipids shape the eukaryotic cell cycle? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:9-19. [PMID: 28964796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Successful passage through the cell cycle presents a number of structural challenges to the cell. Inceptive studies carried out in the last five years have produced clear evidence of modulations in the lipid profile (sometimes referred to as the lipidome) of eukaryotes as a function of the cell cycle. This mounting body of evidence indicates that lipids play key roles in the structural transformations seen across the cycle. The accumulation of this evidence coincides with a revolution in our understanding of how lipid composition regulates a plethora of biological processes ranging from protein activity through to cellular signalling and membrane compartmentalisation. In this review, we discuss evidence from biological, chemical and physical studies of the lipid fraction across the cell cycle that demonstrate that lipids are well-developed cellular components at the heart of the biological machinery responsible for managing progress through the cell cycle. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which this careful control is exercised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- NucReg Research Programme, Molekylærbiologisk institutt, Unversitetet i Bergen, Thormøhlens gate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway; Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, c/o Level 4, Pathology Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom..
| | - Gemma C Shearman
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lasič E, Stenovec M, Kreft M, Robinson PJ, Zorec R. Dynamin regulates the fusion pore of endo- and exocytotic vesicles as revealed by membrane capacitance measurements. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2293-2303. [PMID: 28669852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamin is a multidomain GTPase exhibiting mechanochemical and catalytic properties involved in vesicle scission from the plasmalemma during endocytosis. New evidence indicates that dynamin is also involved in exocytotic release of catecholamines, suggesting the existence of a dynamin-regulated structure that couples endo- to exocytosis. METHODS Thus we here employed high-resolution cell-attached capacitance measurements and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy to directly examine single vesicle interactions with the plasmalemma in cultured rat astrocytes treated with distinct pharmacological modulators of dynamin activity. Fluorescent dextrans and the lipophilic plasmalemmal marker DiD were utilized to monitor uptake and distribution of vesicles in the peri-plasmalemmal space and in the cell cytosol. RESULTS Dynamin inhibition with Dynole™-34-2 and Dyngo™-4a prevented vesicle internalization into the cytosol and decreased fusion pore conductance of vesicles that remained attached to the plasmalemma via a narrow fusion pore that lapsed into a state of repetitive opening and closing - flickering. In contrast, the dynamin activator Ryngo™-1-23 promoted vesicle internalization and favored fusion pore closure by prolonging closed and shortening open fusion pore dwell times. Immunocytochemical staining revealed dextran uptake into dynamin-positive vesicles and increased dextran uptake into Syt4- and VAMP2-positive vesicles after dynamin inhibition, indicating prolonged retention of these vesicles at the plasmalemma. CONCLUSIONS Our results have provided direct evidence for a role of dynamin in regulation of fusion pore geometry and kinetics of endo- and exocytotic vesicles, indicating that both share a common dynamin-regulated structural intermediate, the fusion pore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lasič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Stenovec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, CPAE, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki Park 24, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|