1
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Borroto MC, Patel H, Srivastava S, Swanson LC, Keren B, Whalen S, Mignot C, Wang X, Chen Q, Rosenfeld JA, McLean S, Littlejohn RO, Emrick L, Burrage LC, Attali R, Lesca G, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Sarret C, Seaver LH, Platzer K, Bartolomaeus T, Wünsch C, Fischer S, Rodriguez Barreto AM, Granadillo JL, Schreiner E, Brunet T, Schatz UA, Thiffault I, Mullegama SV, Michaud JL, Hamdan FF, Rossignol E, Campeau PM. Cohort Expansion and Genotype-Phenotype Analysis of RAB11A-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 160:45-53. [PMID: 39181022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GTPases of the Rab family are important orchestrators of membrane trafficking, and their dysregulation has been linked to a variety of neuropathologies. In 2017, we established a causal link between RAB11A variants and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. In this study, we expand the phenotype of RAB11A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder and explore genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS We assessed 16 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic RAB11A variants, generally de novo, heterozygous missense variants. One individual had a homozygous nonsense variant, although concomitant with a pathogenic LAMA2 variant, which made their respective contributions to the phenotype difficult to discriminate. RESULTS We reinforce the finding that certain RAB11A missense variants lead to intellectual disability and developmental delays. Other clinical features might include gait disturbances, hypotonia, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, visual anomalies, dysmorphisms, early adrenarche, and obesity. Epilepsy seems to be less common and linked to variants outside the binding sites. Individuals with variants in the binding sites seem to have a more multisystemic, nonepileptic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Similar to other Rab-related disorders, RAB11A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder can also impact gait, tonus, brain anatomy and physiology, vision, adrenarche, and body weight and structure. Epilepsy seems to affect the minority of patients with variants outside the binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heena Patel
- Centre de recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay C Swanson
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de génétique, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- UF de Génétique Clinique et Centre de Reference Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière and Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Qian Chen
- Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott McLean
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rebecca O Littlejohn
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Section of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruben Attali
- Genomic Research Department, Emedgene, an Illumina Company, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Lyon University Hospital, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Cecile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Hospices civils de Lyon, service biochimie et biologie moléculaire, UF maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Bron, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- CHU Estaing, Pôle Pédiatrie, Service de Génétique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurie H Seaver
- Corewell Health Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Bartolomaeus
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wünsch
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Leipzig - Frühe Hilfe Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Fischer
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum Leipzig - Frühe Hilfe Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elisabeth Schreiner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU - University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Schatz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | - Jacques L Michaud
- Centre de recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- Centre de recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Centre de recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre de recherche Azrieli du CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Higashio H, Yokoyama T, Saino T. A convenient fluorimetry-based degranulation assay using RBL-2H3 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:181-188. [PMID: 37968134 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Type I hypersensitivity is triggered by mast cell degranulation, a stimulus-induced exocytosis of preformed secretory granules (SGs) containing various inflammatory mediators. The degree of degranulation is generally expressed as a percentage of secretory granule markers (such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine) released into the external solution, and considerable time and labor are required for the quantification of markers in both the supernatants and cell lysates. In this study, we developed a simple fluorimetry-based degranulation assay using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells. During degranulation, the styryl dye FM1-43 in the external solution fluorescently labeled the newly exocytosed SGs, whose increase in intensity was successively measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. In addition to the rate of β-hexosaminidase secretion, the cellular FM1-43 intensity successfully represented the degree and kinetics of degranulation under various conditions, suggesting that this method facilitates multi-sample and/or multi-time-point analyses required for screening substances regulating mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Higashio
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Saino
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
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3
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Del-Río-Robles JE, Tomás-Morales JA, Zavala-Barrera C, Castillo-Kauil A, García-Jiménez I, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. CaSR links endocytic and secretory pathways via MADD, a Rab11A effector that activates Rab27B. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110857. [PMID: 37604243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), a class C GPCR, regulates essential secretory pathways, involving communication between endocytic and secretory Rab GTPases, via still to be fully defined molecular mechanisms. To address how communication between endocytic and secretory vesicles occurs, we hypothesized that CaSR activates endocytic Rab11A-dependent effector pathways acting upstream of Rab27B-regulated secretion. We found that Rab11A is critical to promote Rab27B-dependent secretion of chemotactic and inflammatory factors, including IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, and IL1-β, in response to CaSR stimulation. It also attenuates secretion of IL-6. The process is mediated by endosomal PI3-kinases, Vps34 and PI3KC2α, which promote Rab27B activation. Rab11A interacts with and activates MADD, a guanine exchange factor for Rab3, and Rab27A/B. Mechanistically, CaSR drives Rab11A-dependent coupling of recycling endosomes to secretory-vesicles via endosomal PI3K-mediated activation of a MADD/Rab27B pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Eduardo Del-Río-Robles
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janik Adriana Tomás-Morales
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Zavala-Barrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Castillo-Kauil
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irving García-Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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4
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The Role of Membrane Affinity and Binding Modes in Alpha-Synuclein Regulation of Vesicle Release and Trafficking. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121816. [PMID: 36551244 PMCID: PMC9775087 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic protein linked to Parkinson's disease with a poorly characterized physiological role in regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Using RBL-2H3 cells as a model system, we earlier reported that wild-type alpha-synuclein can act as both an inhibitor and a potentiator of stimulated exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory function is constitutive and depends on membrane binding by the helix-2 region of the lipid-binding domain, while potentiation becomes apparent only at high concentrations. Using structural and functional characterization of conformationally selective mutants via a combination of spectroscopic and cellular assays, we show here that binding affinity for isolated vesicles similar in size to synaptic vesicles is a primary determinant of alpha-synuclein-mediated potentiation of vesicle release. Inhibition of release is sensitive to changes in the region linking the helix-1 and helix-2 regions of the N-terminal lipid-binding domain and may require some degree of coupling between these regions. Potentiation of release likely occurs as a result of alpha-synuclein interactions with undocked vesicles isolated away from the active zone in internal pools. Consistent with this, we observe that alpha-synuclein can disperse vesicles from in vitro clusters organized by condensates of the presynaptic protein synapsin-1.
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5
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100 Hz ROCS microscopy correlated with fluorescence reveals cellular dynamics on different spatiotemporal scales. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1758. [PMID: 35365619 PMCID: PMC8975811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence techniques dominate the field of live-cell microscopy, but bleaching and motion blur from too long integration times limit dynamic investigations of small objects. High contrast, label-free life-cell imaging of thousands of acquisitions at 160 nm resolution and 100 Hz is possible by Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) microscopy, where intensity speckle patterns from all azimuthal illumination directions are added up within 10 ms. In combination with fluorescence, we demonstrate the performance of improved Total Internal Reflection (TIR)-ROCS with variable illumination including timescale decomposition and activity mapping at five different examples: millisecond reorganization of macrophage actin cortex structures, fast degranulation and pore opening in mast cells, nanotube dynamics between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, thermal noise driven binding behavior of virus-sized particles at cells, and, bacterial lectin dynamics at the cortex of lung cells. Using analysis methods we present here, we decipher how motion blur hides cellular structures and how slow structure motions cover decisive fast motions.
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6
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Filho EGF, da Silva EZM, Ong HL, Swaim WD, Ambudkar IS, Oliver C, Jamur MC. RACK1 plays a critical role in mast cell secretion and Ca2+ mobilization by modulating F-actin dynamics. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:263932. [PMID: 34550354 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although RACK1 is known to act as a signaling hub in immune cells, its presence and role in mast cells (MCs) is undetermined. MC activation via antigen stimulation results in mediator release and is preceded by cytoskeleton reorganization and Ca2+ mobilization. In this study, we found that RACK1 was distributed throughout the MC cytoplasm both in vivo and in vitro. After RACK1 knockdown (KD), MCs were rounded, and the cortical F-actin was fragmented. Following antigen stimulation, in RACK1 KD MCs, there was a reduction in cortical F-actin, an increase in monomeric G-actin and a failure to organize F-actin. RACK1 KD also increased and accelerated degranulation. CD63+ secretory granules were localized in F-actin-free cortical regions in non-stimulated RACK1 KD MCs. Additionally, RACK1 KD increased antigen-stimulated Ca2+ mobilization, but attenuated antigen-stimulated depletion of ER Ca2+ stores and thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ entry. Following MC activation there was also an increase in interaction of RACK1 with Orai1 Ca2+-channels, β-actin and the actin-binding proteins vinculin and MyoVa. These results show that RACK1 is a critical regulator of actin dynamics, affecting mediator secretion and Ca2+ signaling in MCs. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edismauro G Freitas Filho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Elaine Z M da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William D Swaim
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Indu S Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constance Oliver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Célia Jamur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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7
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Lazki-Hagenbach P, Klein O, Sagi-Eisenberg R. The actin cytoskeleton and mast cell function. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:27-33. [PMID: 33765561 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of high and super-resolution microscopy techniques has extended the possibilities of studying actin dynamics in mast cells (MCs). These studies demonstrated the close correlation between actin-driven changes in cell morphology and the functions that MC perform during their life cycle. Dynamic conversions between actin polymerization and depolymerization support MC degranulation and leading to the release of the preformed, secretory granule (SG)-contained, inflammatory mediators. Cell flattening inflicting an actin porous geometry and clearing of cortical actin, characterize the secretory actin phenotype. In contrast, pericentral actin clusters, that entrap the SGs, characterize the migratory actin phenotype, which supports MC migration, but restricts MC degranulation. Multiple actin binding and actin interacting proteins regulate these actin rearrangements, in compliance with the signals elicited by the respective activating receptors. Here, we review recent findings on the interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and MC migration and degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Lazki-Hagenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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8
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Ménasché G, Longé C, Bratti M, Blank U. Cytoskeletal Transport, Reorganization, and Fusion Regulation in Mast Cell-Stimulus Secretion Coupling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652077. [PMID: 33796537 PMCID: PMC8007931 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their role in allergies and many chronic inflammatory diseases. They release upon stimulation, e.g., via the IgE receptor, numerous bioactive compounds from cytoplasmic secretory granules. The regulation of granule secretion and its interaction with the cytoskeleton and transport mechanisms has only recently begun to be understood. These studies have provided new insight into the interaction between the secretory machinery and cytoskeletal elements in the regulation of the degranulation process. They suggest a tight coupling of these two systems, implying a series of specific signaling effectors and adaptor molecules. Here we review recent knowledge describing the signaling events regulating cytoskeletal reorganization and secretory granule transport machinery in conjunction with the membrane fusion machinery that occur during mast cell degranulation. The new insight into MC biology offers novel strategies to treat human allergic and inflammatory diseases targeting the late steps that affect harmful release from granular stores leaving regulatory cytokine secretion intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Ménasché
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Longé
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Bratti
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Blank
- Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, INSERM UMR 1149, CNRS ERL8252, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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9
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Klein O, Azouz NP, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Measurement of Exocytosis in Genetically Manipulated Mast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2233:181-192. [PMID: 33222135 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1044-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of mast cell activation is secretion of immune mediators by regulated exocytosis. Measurements of mediator secretion from mast cells that are genetically manipulated by transient transfections provide a powerful tool for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of mast cell exocytosis. However, common methods to study regulated exocytosis in bulk culture of mast cells suffer from the drawback of high signal-to-noise ratio because of their failure to distinguish between the different mast cell populations, that is, genetically modified mast cells versus their non-transfected counterparts. In particular, the low transfection efficiency of mast cells poses a significant limitation on the use of conventional methodologies. To overcome this hurdle, we developed a method, which discriminates and allows detection of regulated exocytosis of transfected cells based on the secretion of a fluorescent secretory reporter. We used a plasmid encoding for Neuropeptide Y (NPY) fused to a monomeric red fluorescent protein (NPY-mRFP), yielding a fluorescent secretory granule-targeted reporter that is co-transfected with a plasmid encoding a gene of interest. Upon cell trigger, NPY-mRFP is released from the cells by regulated exocytosis, alongside the endogenous mediators. Therefore, using NPY-mRFP as a reporter for mast cell exocytosis allows either quantitative, via a fluorimeter assay, or qualitative analysis, via confocal microscopy, of the genetically manipulated mast cells. Moreover, this method may be easily modified to accommodate studies of regulated exocytosis in any other type of cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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10
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Suzuki R, Inoh Y, Yokawa S, Furuno T, Hirashima N. Receptor dynamics regulates actin polymerization state through phosphorylation of cofilin in mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:714-719. [PMID: 33218687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) by a multivalent antigen induces mast cell activation, while disaggregation of aggregated FcεRI by monomer hapten immediately terminates degranulation mediated by dephosphorylation of Syk and mediates a decrease in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The actin polymerization state is intimately involved in mast cell activation mediated by FcεRI aggregation. However, the relation between aggregation-disaggregation of FcεRI and actin rearrangement in mast cells is not well understood. The addition of a multivalent antigen rapidly depolymerized actin filaments, while the subsequent addition of monomer hapten rapidly recovered actin polymerization. Whereas cofilin, an actin-severing protein, was temporally dephosphorylated several minutes after a multivalent antigen stimulation and the addition of monomer hapten rapidly increased cofilin phosphorylation level within 30 s. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ instead of monomer hapten addition did not restore cofilin phosphorylation, suggesting that the significant decrease in [Ca2+]i by monovalent hapten was not a critical reason for the actin rearrangement. Additionally, monovalent hapten did not completely reduce [Ca2+]i in mast cells pretreated with jasplakinolide, an inhibitor of actin depolymerization. These results suggest that the multivalent antigen-induced actin depolymerization mediated by cofilin dephosphorylation, and the subsequent addition of monovalent hapten in the F-actin severing state efficiently elicited actin re-polymerization by cofilin phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruriko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokawa
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Tadahide Furuno
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Naohide Hirashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Miklavc P, Frick M. Actin and Myosin in Non-Neuronal Exocytosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061455. [PMID: 32545391 PMCID: PMC7348895 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular secretion depends on exocytosis of secretory vesicles and discharge of vesicle contents. Actin and myosin are essential for pre-fusion and post-fusion stages of exocytosis. Secretory vesicles depend on actin for transport to and attachment at the cell cortex during the pre-fusion phase. Actin coats on fused vesicles contribute to stabilization of large vesicles, active vesicle contraction and/or retrieval of excess membrane during the post-fusion phase. Myosin molecular motors complement the role of actin. Myosin V is required for vesicle trafficking and attachment to cortical actin. Myosin I and II members engage in local remodeling of cortical actin to allow vesicles to get access to the plasma membrane for membrane fusion. Myosins stabilize open fusion pores and contribute to anchoring and contraction of actin coats to facilitate vesicle content release. Actin and myosin function in secretion is regulated by a plethora of interacting regulatory lipids and proteins. Some of these processes have been first described in non-neuronal cells and reflect adaptations to exocytosis of large secretory vesicles and/or secretion of bulky vesicle cargoes. Here we collate the current knowledge and highlight the role of actomyosin during distinct phases of exocytosis in an attempt to identify unifying molecular mechanisms in non-neuronal secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pika Miklavc
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (M.F.); Tel.: +44-0161-295-3395 (P.M.); +49-731-500-23115 (M.F.); Fax: +49-731-500-23242 (M.F.)
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12
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Listeria monocytogenes exploits host exocytosis to promote cell-to-cell spread. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3789-3796. [PMID: 32015134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916676117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes uses an actin-based motility process to spread within human tissues. Filamentous actin from the human cell forms a tail behind bacteria, propelling microbes through the cytoplasm. Motile bacteria remodel the host plasma membrane into protrusions that are internalized by neighboring cells. A critical unresolved question is whether generation of protrusions by Listeria involves stimulation of host processes apart from actin polymerization. Here we demonstrate that efficient protrusion formation in polarized epithelial cells involves bacterial subversion of host exocytosis. Confocal microscopy imaging indicated that exocytosis is up-regulated in protrusions of Listeria in a manner that depends on the host exocyst complex. Depletion of components of the exocyst complex by RNA interference inhibited the formation of Listeria protrusions and subsequent cell-to-cell spread of bacteria. Additional genetic studies indicated important roles for the exocyst regulators Rab8 and Rab11 in bacterial protrusion formation and spread. The secreted Listeria virulence factor InlC associated with the exocyst component Exo70 and mediated the recruitment of Exo70 to bacterial protrusions. Depletion of exocyst proteins reduced the length of Listeria protrusions, suggesting that the exocyst complex promotes protrusion elongation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Listeria exploits host exocytosis to stimulate intercellular spread of bacteria.
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Hou X, Wu Q, Rajagopalan C, Zhang C, Bouhamdan M, Wei H, Chen X, Zaman K, Li C, Sun X, Chen S, Frizzell RA, Sun F. CK19 stabilizes CFTR at the cell surface by limiting its endocytic pathway degradation. FASEB J 2019; 33:12602-12615. [PMID: 31450978 PMCID: PMC9292138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901050r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein interactions that stabilize the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) at the apical membranes of epithelial cells have not yet been fully elucidated. We identified keratin 19 (CK19 or K19) as a novel CFTR-interacting protein. CK19 overexpression stabilized both wild-type (WT)-CFTR and Lumacaftor (VX-809)-rescued F508del-CFTR (where F508del is the deletion of the phenylalanine residue at position 508) at the plasma membrane (PM), promoting Cl- secretion across human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. CK19 prevention of Rab7A-mediated lysosomal degradation was a key mechanism in apical CFTR stabilization. Unexpectedly, CK19 expression was decreased by ∼40% in primary HBE cells from homogenous F508del patients with CF relative to non-CF controls. CK19 also positively regulated multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 expression at the PM, suggesting that this keratin may regulate the apical expression of other ATP-binding cassette proteins as well as CFTR.-Hou, X., Wu, Q., Rajagopalan, C., Zhang, C., Bouhamdan, M., Wei, H., Chen, X., Zaman, K., Li, C., Sun, X., Chen, S., Frizzell, R. A., Sun, F. CK19 stabilizes CFTR at the cell surface by limiting its endocytic pathway degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hou
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiamusi University School of Basic MedicineJiamusiChina
| | - Qingtian Wu
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiamusi University School of Basic MedicineJiamusiChina
| | - Carthic Rajagopalan
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Chunbing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyJiamusi University School of Basic MedicineJiamusiChina
| | - Mohamad Bouhamdan
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Hongguang Wei
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Khalequz Zaman
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Chunying Li
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of NursingHuai'anChina
| | - Raymond A. Frizzell
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMichiganUSA
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14
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Klein O, Krier-Burris RA, Lazki-Hagenbach P, Gorzalczany Y, Mei Y, Ji P, Bochner BS, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) coordinates mast cell migration and secretion through its actin-nucleating activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1074-1090. [PMID: 31279009 PMCID: PMC7278082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin remodeling is a key regulator of mast cell (MC) migration and secretion. However, the precise mechanism underlying the coordination of these processes has remained obscure. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the actin rearrangements that occur during MC secretion or chemotactic migration and identify the underlying mechanism of their coordination. METHODS Using high-resolution microscopy, we analyzed the dynamics of actin rearrangements in MCs triggered to migration by IL-8 or prostaglandin E2 or to FcεRI-stimulated secretion. RESULTS We show that a major feature of the actin skeleton in MCs stimulated to migration is the buildup of pericentral actin clusters that prevent cell flattening and converge the secretory granules (SGs) in the cell center. This migratory phenotype is replaced on encounter of an IgE cross-linking antigen that stimulates secretion through a secretory phenotype characterized by cell flattening, reduction of actin mesh density, ruffling of cortical actin, and mobilization of SGs. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of mammalian diaphanous-related formin 1 (mDia1) inhibits chemotactic migration and its typical actin rearrangements, whereas expression of an active mDia1 mutant recapitulates the migratory actin phenotype and enhances cell migration while inhibiting FcεRI-triggered secretion. However, mice deficient in mDia1 appear to have normal numbers of MCs in various organs at baseline. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a unique role of actin rearrangements in clustering the SGs and inhibiting their secretion during MC migration. We identify mDia1 as a novel regulator of MC response that coordinates MC chemotaxis and secretion through its actin-nucleating activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rebecca A Krier-Burris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Pia Lazki-Hagenbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Gorzalczany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yang Mei
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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15
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Proteomic Analysis of Lipid Rafts from RBL-2H3 Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163904. [PMID: 31405203 PMCID: PMC6720779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are highly ordered membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and certain proteins. They are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in diverse cell types, including mast cells (MCs). The MC lipid raft protein composition was assessed using qualitative mass spectrometric characterization of the proteome from detergent-resistant membrane fractions from RBL-2H3 MCs. Using two different post-isolation treatment methods, a total of 949 lipid raft associated proteins were identified. The majority of these MC lipid raft proteins had already been described in the RaftProtV2 database and are among highest cited/experimentally validated lipid raft proteins. Additionally, more than half of the identified proteins had lipid modifications and/or transmembrane domains. Classification of identified proteins into functional categories showed that the proteins were associated with cellular membrane compartments, and with some biological and molecular functions, such as regulation, localization, binding, catalytic activity, and response to stimulus. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated an intimate involvement of identified proteins with various aspects of MC biological processes, especially those related to regulated secretion, organization/stabilization of macromolecules complexes, and signal transduction. This study represents the first comprehensive proteomic profile of MC lipid rafts and provides additional information to elucidate immunoregulatory functions coordinated by raft proteins in MCs.
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16
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Ramezani M, Wilkes MM, Das T, Holowka D, Eliezer D, Baird B. Regulation of exocytosis and mitochondrial relocalization by Alpha-synuclein in a mammalian cell model. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 5:12. [PMID: 31263746 PMCID: PMC6597712 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-019-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We characterized phenotypes in RBL-2H3 mast cells transfected with human alpha synuclein (a-syn) using stimulated exocytosis of recycling endosomes as a proxy for similar activities of synaptic vesicles in neurons. We found that low expression of a-syn inhibits stimulated exocytosis and that higher expression causes slight enhancement. NMR measurements of membrane interactions correlate with these functional effects: they are eliminated differentially by mutants that perturb helical structure in the helix 1 (A30P) or NAC/helix-2 (V70P) regions of membrane-bound a-syn, but not by other PD-associated mutants or C-terminal truncation. We further found that a-syn (but not A30P or V70P mutants) associates weakly with mitochondria, but this association increases markedly under conditions of cellular stress. These results highlight the importance of specific structural features of a-syn in regulating vesicle release, and point to a potential role for a-syn in perturbing mitochondrial function under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meraj Ramezani
- 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Marcus M Wilkes
- 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Tapojyoti Das
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - David Holowka
- 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - David Eliezer
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Barbara Baird
- 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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17
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Klein O, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Anaphylactic Degranulation of Mast Cells: Focus on Compound Exocytosis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9542656. [PMID: 31011586 PMCID: PMC6442490 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9542656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a notorious type 2 immune response which may result in a systemic response and lead to death. A precondition for the unfolding of the anaphylactic shock is the secretion of inflammatory mediators from mast cells in response to an allergen, mostly through activation of the cells via the IgE-dependent pathway. While mast cells are specialized secretory cells that can secrete through a variety of exocytic modes, the most predominant mode exerted by the mast cell during anaphylaxis is compound exocytosis-a specialized form of regulated exocytosis where secretory granules fuse to one another. Here, we review the modes of regulated exocytosis in the mast cell and focus on compound exocytosis. We review historical landmarks in the research of compound exocytosis in mast cells and the methods available for investigating compound exocytosis. We also review the molecular mechanisms reported to underlie compound exocytosis in mast cells and expand further with reviewing key findings from other cell types. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons for the mast cell to utilize compound exocytosis during anaphylaxis, the conflicting evidence in different mast cell models, and the open questions in the field which remain to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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18
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Dingjan I, Linders PTA, Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Endosomal and Phagosomal SNAREs. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1465-1492. [PMID: 29790818 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein family is of vital importance for organelle communication. The complexing of cognate SNARE members present in both the donor and target organellar membranes drives the membrane fusion required for intracellular transport. In the endocytic route, SNARE proteins mediate trafficking between endosomes and phagosomes with other endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the SNAREs involved in endosomal and phagosomal trafficking. Of the 38 SNAREs present in humans, 30 have been identified at endosomes and/or phagosomes. Many of these SNAREs are targeted by viruses and intracellular pathogens, which thereby reroute intracellular transport for gaining access to nutrients, preventing their degradation, and avoiding their detection by the immune system. A fascinating picture is emerging of a complex transport network with multiple SNAREs being involved in consecutive trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter T A Linders
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Danielle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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19
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Yokawa S, Suzuki T, Hayashi A, Inouye S, Inoh Y, Furuno T. Video-Rate Bioluminescence Imaging of Degranulation of Mast Cells Attached to the Extracellular Matrix. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:74. [PMID: 30042943 PMCID: PMC6048188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Degranulation refers to the secretion of inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, serotonin, and proteases, that are stored within the granules of mast cells and that trigger allergic reactions. The amount of these released mediators has been measured biochemically using cell mass. To investigate degranulation in living single cells, fluorescence microscopy has traditionally been used to observe the disappearance of granules and the appearance of these discharged granules within the plasma membrane by membrane fusion and the movement of granules inside the cells. Here, we developed a method of video-rate bioluminescence imaging to directly detect degranulation from a single mast cell by measuring luminescence activity derived from the enzymatic reaction between Gaussia luciferase (GLase) and its substrate coelenterazine. The neuropeptide Y (NPY), which was reported to colocalize with serotonin in the secretory granules, fused to GLase (NPY-GLase) was efficiently expressed in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, a mast-cell line, using a preferred human codon-optimized gene. Bioluminescence imaging analysis of RBL-2H3 cells expressing NPY-GLase and adhered on a glass-bottomed dish showed that the luminescence signals from the resting cells were negligible, while the luminescence signals of the secreted NPY-GLase were repeatedly detected after the addition of an antigen. In addition, this imaging method was applicable for observing degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells that adhered to the extracellular matrix (ECM). These results indicated that video-rate bioluminescence imaging using GLase will be a useful tool for detecting degranulation in single mast cells adhered to a variety of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Yokawa
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Hayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inouye
- Yokohama Research Center, JNC Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Inoh
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Klein O, Roded A, Hirschberg K, Fukuda M, Galli SJ, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Imaging FITC-dextran as a Reporter for Regulated Exocytosis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985342 DOI: 10.3791/57936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated exocytosis is a process by which cargo, which is stored in secretory granules (SGs), is released in response to a secretory trigger. Regulated exocytosis is fundamental for intercellular communication and is a key mechanism for the secretion of neurotransmitters, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and other compounds, by a variety of cells. At least three distinct mechanisms are known for regulated exocytosis: full exocytosis, where a single SG fully fuses with the plasma membrane, kiss-and-run exocytosis, where a single SG transiently fuses with the plasma membrane, and compound exocytosis, where several SGs fuse with each other, prior to or after SG fusion with the plasma membrane. The type of regulated exocytosis undertaken by a cell is often dictated by the type of secretory trigger. However, in many cells, a single secretory trigger can activate multiple modes of regulated exocytosis simultaneously. Despite their abundance and importance across cell types and species, the mechanisms that determine the different modes of secretion are largely unresolved. One of the main challenges in investigating the different modes of regulated exocytosis, is the difficulty in distinguishing between them as well as exploring them separately. Here we describe the use of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran as an exocytosis reporter, and live cell imaging, to differentiate between the different pathways of regulated exocytosis, focusing on compound exocytosis, based on the robustness and duration of the exocytic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
| | - Amit Roded
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology and Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, School of Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University;
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21
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High-throughput screening system for dynamic monitoring of exocytotic vesicle trafficking in mast cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198785. [PMID: 29883480 PMCID: PMC5993286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells, in addition to endocrine cells and neurons, are typical secretory cells. Their function in allergic inflammation is to secrete inflammatory mediators from secretory vesicles. Intracellular synthesized inflammatory mediators are transported by vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) to vesicles where they are stored. After stimulation, the contents of the secretory vesicles are released via exocytosis. This study established a high throughput imaging screening system to monitor the functions of secretory vesicles in mast cells, including molecular uptake via VMAT2 and the exocytotic process, by using a novel fluorescent probe, FFN206, which was developed as a VMAT2 substrate. After loading with FFN206, the rapid uptake of FFN206 was observed and secretory vesicles in mouse bone marrow derived mast cells and a cultured mast cell line were clearly visualized. FFN206 uptake by secretory vesicles was time-dependent and was blocked by reserpine. Furthermore, exocytotic trafficking was monitored dynamically by real-time high-throughput fluorescence quantitation. In the present study, we verified the application of FFN206 for the monitoring of functional vesicles. This high-throughput screening system may benefit instinctive drug evaluation.
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22
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Klein O, Roded A, Zur N, Azouz NP, Pasternak O, Hirschberg K, Hammel I, Roche PA, Yatsu A, Fukuda M, Galli SJ, Sagi-Eisenberg R. Rab5 is critical for SNAP23 regulated granule-granule fusion during compound exocytosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15315. [PMID: 29127297 PMCID: PMC5681557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound exocytosis is considered the most massive mode of exocytosis, during which the membranes of secretory granules (SGs) fuse with each other to form a channel through which the entire contents of their granules is released. The underlying mechanisms of compound exocytosis remain largely unresolved. Here we show that the small GTPase Rab5, a known regulator of endocytosis, is pivotal for compound exocytosis in mast cells. Silencing of Rab5 shifts receptor-triggered secretion from a compound to a full exocytosis mode, in which SGs individually fuse with the plasma membrane. Moreover, we show that Rab5 is essential for FcεRI-triggered association of the SNARE protein SNAP23 with the SGs. Direct evidence is provided for SNAP23 involvement in homotypic SG fusion that occurs in the activated cells. Finally, we show that this fusion event is prevented by inhibition of the IKKβ2 kinase, however, neither a phosphorylation-deficient nor a phosphomimetic mutant of SNAP23 can mediate homotypic SG fusion in triggered cells. Taken together our findings identify Rab5 as a heretofore-unrecognized regulator of compound exocytosis that is essential for SNAP23-mediated granule-granule fusion. Our results also implicate phosphorylation cycles in controlling SNAP23 SNARE function in homotypic SG fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Amit Roded
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Neta Zur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Olga Pasternak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Koret Hirschberg
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ilan Hammel
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Ayaka Yatsu
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, and Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5176, USA
| | - Ronit Sagi-Eisenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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23
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Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Vogel GF, Janecke AR, Krainer IM, Gutleben K, Witting B, Mitton SG, Mansour S, Ballauff A, Roland JT, Engevik AC, Cutz E, Müller T, Goldenring JR, Huber LA, Hess MW. Abnormal Rab11-Rab8-vesicles cluster in enterocytes of patients with microvillus inclusion disease. Traffic 2017; 18:453-464. [PMID: 28407399 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital enteropathy characterized by accumulation of vesiculo-tubular endomembranes in the subapical cytoplasm of enterocytes, historically termed "secretory granules." However, neither their identity nor pathophysiological significance is well defined. Using immunoelectron microscopy and tomography, we studied biopsies from MVID patients (3× Myosin 5b mutations and 1× Syntaxin3 mutation) and compared them to controls and genome-edited CaCo2 cell models, harboring relevant mutations. Duodenal biopsies from 2 patients with novel Myosin 5b mutations and typical clinical symptoms showed unusual ultrastructural phenotypes: aberrant subapical vesicles and tubules were prominent in the enterocytes, though other histological hallmarks of MVID were almost absent (ectopic intra-/intercellular microvilli, brush border atrophy). We identified these enigmatic vesiculo-tubular organelles as Rab11-Rab8-positive recycling compartments of altered size, shape and location harboring the apical SNARE Syntaxin3, apical transporters sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Our data strongly indicate that in MVID disrupted trafficking between cargo vesicles and the apical plasma membrane is the primary cause of a defect of epithelial polarity and subsequent facultative loss of brush border integrity, leading to malabsorption. Furthermore, they support the notion that mislocalization of transporters, such as NHE3 substantially contributes to the reported sodium loss diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Vogel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris M Krainer
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Gutleben
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Witting
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sahar Mansour
- Human Genetics Research Center, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph T Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Shelby SA, Veatch SL, Holowka DA, Baird BA. Functional nanoscale coupling of Lyn kinase with IgE-FcεRI is restricted by the actin cytoskeleton in early antigen-stimulated signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3645-3658. [PMID: 27682583 PMCID: PMC5221596 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial targeting of signaling components to activated receptors on the plasma membrane is key for initiating signal transduction. The actin cytoskeleton restricts antigen-stimulated colocalization of IgE-FcεRI with membrane-anchored signaling partner Lyn kinase, and this regulation is mediated by organization of plasma membrane lipids. The allergic response is initiated on the plasma membrane of mast cells by phosphorylation of the receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI, by Lyn kinase after IgE-FcεRI complexes are cross-linked by multivalent antigen. Signal transduction requires reorganization of receptors and membrane signaling proteins, but this spatial regulation is not well defined. We used fluorescence localization microscopy (FLM) and pair-correlation analysis to measure the codistribution of IgE-FcεRI and Lyn on the plasma membrane of fixed cells with 20- to 25-nm resolution. We directly visualized Lyn recruitment to IgE-FcεRI within 1 min of antigen stimulation. Parallel FLM experiments captured stimulation-induced FcεRI phosphorylation and colocalization of a saturated lipid-anchor probe derived from Lyn’s membrane anchorage. We used cytochalasin and latrunculin to investigate participation of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating functional interactions of FcεRI. Inhibition of actin polymerization by these agents enhanced colocalization of IgE-FcεRI with Lyn and its saturated lipid anchor at early stimulation times, accompanied by augmented phosphorylation within FcεRI clusters. Ising model simulations provide a simplified model consistent with our results. These findings extend previous evidence that IgE-FcεRI signaling is initiated by colocalization with Lyn in ordered lipid regions and that the actin cytoskeleton regulates this functional interaction by influencing the organization of membrane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Shelby
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Sarah L Veatch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David A Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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