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Guo M, Lu B, Gan J, Wang S, Jiang X, Li H. Apoptosis detection: a purpose-dependent approach selection. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1033-1040. [PMID: 34000960 PMCID: PMC8208110 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1919830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is closely associated with many diseases. Detection of apoptosis can be achieved by morphology, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and other techniques. However, as technologies are increasingly used for the detection of apoptosis, many researchers are confused about how to choose a suitable method to detect apoptosis. Selection of a suitable detection method for apoptosis will help clinical diagnosis and prevention of diseases. This article reviews the selection of optimal apoptosis-detection methods based on research purposes and technique principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangcui Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Thomas CI, Ryan MA, Scholl B, Guerrero-Given D, Fitzpatrick D, Kamasawa N. Targeting Functionally Characterized Synaptic Architecture Using Inherent Fiducials and 3D Correlative Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:156-169. [PMID: 33303051 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain circuits are highly interconnected three-dimensional structures fabricated from components ranging vastly in size; from cell bodies to individual synapses. While neuronal activity can be visualized with advanced light microscopy (LM) techniques, the resolution of electron microscopy (EM) is critical for identifying synaptic connections between neurons. Here, we combine these two techniques, affording the advantage of each and allowing for measurements to be made of the same neural features across imaging platforms. We established an EM-label-free workflow utilizing inherent structural features to correlate in vivo two-photon LM and volumetric scanning EM (SEM) in the ferret visual cortex. By optimizing the volume SEM sample preparation protocol, imaging with the OnPoint detector, and utilizing the focal charge compensation device during serial block-face imaging, we achieved sufficient resolution and signal-to-noise ratio to analyze synaptic ultrastructure for hundreds of synapses within sample volumes. Our novel workflow provides a reliable method for quantitatively characterizing synaptic ultrastructure in functionally imaged neurons, providing new insights into neuronal circuit organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connon I Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Imaging Center, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
| | - Melissa A Ryan
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Imaging Center, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
| | - Benjamin Scholl
- Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
| | - Debbie Guerrero-Given
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Imaging Center, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
| | - David Fitzpatrick
- Functional Architecture and Development of Cerebral Cortex, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Imaging Center, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL33458, USA
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