1
|
Steinfeld N, Ma CIJ, Maxfield FR. Signaling pathways regulating the extracellular digestion of lipoprotein aggregates by macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar5. [PMID: 37910189 PMCID: PMC10881170 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between aggregated low-density lipoprotein (agLDL) and macrophages in arteries plays a major role in atherosclerosis. Macrophages digest agLDL and generate free cholesterol in an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment known as the lysosomal synapse. Macrophages form a tight seal around agLDL through actin polymerization and deliver lysosomal contents into this space in a process termed digestive exophagy. Our laboratory has identified TLR4 activation of MyD88/Syk as critical for digestive exophagy. Here we use pharmacological agents and siRNA knockdown to characterize signaling pathways downstream of Syk that are involved in digestive exophagy. Syk activates Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). We show that PLCγ2 and to a lesser extent BTK regulate digestive exophagy. PLCγ2 cleaves PI(4,5)P2 into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Soluble IP3 activates release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We demonstrate that Ca2+ release from the ER is upregulated by agLDL and plays a key role in digestive exophagy. Both DAG and Ca2+ activate protein kinase Cα (PKCα). We find that PKCα is an important regulator of digestive exophagy. These results expand our understanding of the mechanisms of digestive exophagy, which could be useful in developing therapeutic interventions to slow development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Steinfeld
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Cheng-I J. Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zanditenas E, Trebicz-Geffen M, Kolli D, Domínguez-García L, Farhi E, Linde L, Romero D, Chapman M, Kolodkin-Gal I, Ankri S. Digestive exophagy of biofilms by intestinal amoeba and its impact on stress tolerance and cytotoxicity. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:77. [PMID: 37813896 PMCID: PMC10562373 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is responsible for amebiasis, a disease endemic to developing countries. E. histolytica trophozoites colonize the large intestine, primarily feeding on bacteria. However, in the gastrointestinal tract, bacterial cells form aggregates or structured communities called biofilms too large for phagocytosis. Remarkably, trophozoites are still able to invade and degrade established biofilms, utilizing a mechanism that mimics digestive exophagy. Digestive exophagy refers to the secretion of digestive enzymes that promote the digestion of objects too large for direct phagocytosis by phagocytes. E. histolytica cysteine proteinases (CPs) play a crucial role in the degradation process of Bacillus subtilis biofilm. These proteinases target TasA, a major component of the B. subtilis biofilm matrix, also contributing to the adhesion of the parasite to the biofilm. In addition, they are also involved in the degradation of biofilms formed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive enteric pathogens. Furthermore, biofilms also play an important role in protecting trophozoites against oxidative stress. This specific mechanism suggests that the amoeba has adapted to prey on biofilms, potentially serving as an untapped reservoir for novel therapeutic approaches to treat biofilms. Consistently, products derived from the amoeba have been shown to restore antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm cells. In addition, our findings reveal that probiotic biofilms can act as a protective shield for mammalian cells, hindering the progression of the parasite towards them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zanditenas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meirav Trebicz-Geffen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Divya Kolli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Laura Domínguez-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Einan Farhi
- Technion Genomics Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liat Linde
- Technion Genomics Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Diego Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Matthew Chapman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
- Scojen Institute for Synthetic Biology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galindo CL, Khan S, Zhang X, Yeh YS, Liu Z, Razani B. Lipid-laden foam cells in the pathology of atherosclerosis: shedding light on new therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1231-1245. [PMID: 38009300 PMCID: PMC10843715 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2288272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid-laden foam cells within atherosclerotic plaques are key players in all phases of lesion development including its progression, necrotic core formation, fibrous cap thinning, and eventually plaque rupture. Manipulating foam cell biology is thus an attractive therapeutic strategy at early, middle, and even late stages of atherosclerosis. Traditional therapies have focused on prevention, especially lowering plasma lipid levels. Despite these interventions, atherosclerosis remains a major cause of cardiovascular disease, responsible for the largest numbers of death worldwide. AREAS COVERED Foam cells within atherosclerotic plaques are comprised of macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, and other cell types which are exposed to high concentrations of lipoproteins accumulating within the subendothelial intimal layer. Macrophage-derived foam cells are particularly well studied and have provided important insights into lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. The contributions of foam cell-based processes are discussed with an emphasis on areas of therapeutic potential and directions for drug development. EXERT OPINION As key players in atherosclerosis, foam cells are attractive targets for developing more specific, targeted therapies aimed at resolving atherosclerotic plaques. Recent advances in our understanding of lipid handling within these cells provide insights into how they might be manipulated and clinically translated to better treat atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristi L. Galindo
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Saifur Khan
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Babak Razani
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Z, Zou J, Chen X. In Response to Precision Medicine: Current Subcellular Targeting Strategies for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209529. [PMID: 36445169 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Emerging as a potent anticancer treatment, subcellular targeted cancer therapy has drawn increasing attention, bringing great opportunities for clinical application. Here, two targeting strategies for four main subcellular organelles (mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus), including molecule- and nanomaterial (inorganic nanoparticles, micelles, organic polymers, and others)-based targeted delivery or therapeutic strategies, are summarized. Phototherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and "all-in-one" combination therapy are among the strategies covered in detail. Such materials are constructed based on the specific properties and relevant mechanisms of organelles, enabling the elimination of tumors by inducing dysfunction in the corresponding organelles or destroying specific structures. The challenges faced by organelle-targeting cancer therapies are also summarized. Looking forward, a paradigm for organelle-targeting therapy with enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to current clinical approaches is envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maxfield FR, Steinfeld N, Ma CIJ. The formation and consequences of cholesterol-rich deposits in atherosclerotic lesions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1148304. [PMID: 36926046 PMCID: PMC10011067 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1148304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death throughout the world. Accumulation of lipoprotein-associated lipids and their interaction with macrophages are early steps in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. For decades, it has been known that aggregates of lipoproteins in the subendothelial space are found in early plaques, and these aggregates are tightly associated with extracellular matrix fibers. Additionally, most of the cholesterol in these subendothelial aggregates is unesterified, in contrast to the core of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), in which cholesteryl esters predominate. This suggests that the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters occurs extracellularly. At the cellular level, macrophages in early plaques engage with the LDL and ingest large amounts of cholesterol, which is esterified and stored in lipid droplets. When excessive lipid droplets have accumulated, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are activated, leading to cell death. The cholesterol-laden dead cells must be cleared by other macrophages. For many years, it was unclear how unesterified (free) cholesterol could be formed extracellularly in early lesions. Papers in the past decade have shown that macrophages form tightly sealed extracellular attachments to aggregates of LDL. These sealed regions become acidified, and lysosomal contents are secreted into these compartments. Lysosomal acid lipase hydrolyzes the cholesteryl esters, and the free cholesterol is transported into the macrophages. High concentrations of cholesterol can also lead to formation of crystals of cholesterol hydrate, and these crystals have been observed in atherosclerotic blood vessels. Characterization of this process may lead to novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Karami N, Savardashtaki A, Butler AE, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A. The regulation of efferocytosis signaling pathways and adipose tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions and obesity: Current understanding and treatment options. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13487. [PMID: 35765849 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the resolution of acute inflammation that contribute to the clinical complications. The exact mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation in obesity are not fully understood. Adipocyte death leads to pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, stimulating additional adipocyte apoptosis. Thus, a complex and tightly regulated process to inhibit inflammation and maintain homeostasis after adipocyte apoptosis is needed to maintain health. In normal condition, a specialized phagocytic process (efferocytosis) performs this function, clearing necrotic and apoptotic cells (ACs) and controlling inflammation. For efficient and continued efferocytosis, phagocytes must internalize multiple ACs in physiological conditions and handle the excess metabolic burden in adipose tissue. In obesity, this control is lost and can be an important hallmark of the disease. In this regard, the deficiency of efferocytosis leads to delayed resolution of acute inflammation and can result in ongoing inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hence, efficient clearance of ACs by M2 macrophages could limit long-term inflammation and ensue clinical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review elaborates upon the molecular mechanisms to identify efferocytosis regulators in obesity, and the mechanisms that can improve efferocytosis and reduce obesity-related complications, such as the use of pharmacological agents and regular exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uyar O, Dominguez JM, Bordeleau M, Lapeyre L, Ibáñez FG, Vallières L, Tremblay ME, Corbeil J, Boivin G. Single-cell transcriptomics of the ventral posterolateral nucleus-enriched thalamic regions from HSV-1-infected mice reveal a novel microglia/microglia-like transcriptional response. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:81. [PMID: 35387656 PMCID: PMC8985399 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia participate in the immune response upon central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, the role of these cells during herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) has not been fully characterized. We sought to identify different microglia/microglia-like cells and describe the potential mechanisms and signaling pathways involved during HSE. Methods The transcriptional response of CD11b+ immune cells, including microglia/microglia-like cells, was investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)-enriched thalamic regions of C57BL/6 N mice intranasally infected with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) (6 × 105 PFUs/20 µl). We further performed scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) analysis in VPL regions on day 6 post-infection (p.i.) to provide insight into microglial functions. Results We describe a novel microglia-like transcriptional response associated with a rare cell population (7% of all analyzed cells), named “in transition” microglia/microglia-like cells in HSE. This new microglia-like transcriptional signature, found in the highly infected thalamic regions, was enriched in specific genes (Retnlg, Cxcr2, Il1f9) usually associated with neutrophils. Pathway analysis of this cell-type transcriptome showed increased NLRP3-inflammasome-mediated interleukin IL-1β production, promoting a pro-inflammatory response. These cells' increased expression of viral transcripts suggests that the distinct “in transition” transcriptome corresponds to the intrinsic antiviral immune signaling of HSV-1-infected microglia/microglia-like cells in the thalamus. In accordance with this phenotype, we observed several TMEM119+/IBA-I+ microglia/microglia-like cells immunostained for HSV-1 in highly infected regions. Conclusions A new microglia/microglia-like state may potentially shed light on how microglia could react to HSV-1 infection. Our observations suggest that infected microglia/microglia-like cells contribute to an exacerbated CNS inflammation. Further characterization of this transitory state of the microglia/microglia-like cell transcriptome may allow the development of novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve HSE outcomes by regulating the microglial immune response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02437-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olus Uyar
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center and Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Juan Manuel Dominguez
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine and Big Data Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Bordeleau
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Neurosciences Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lina Lapeyre
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center and Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Neurosciences Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luc Vallières
- Neurosciences Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Neurosciences Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine and Big Data Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center and Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to varying degrees of blood flow obstruction and a common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory factors run through the whole process of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils play important roles in the process of atherosclerotic inflammation. Considering the evolutionary characteristics, atherosclerosis can be divided into different stages as early atherosclerotic plaque, plaque formation stage, and plaque rupture stage. In this paper, the changes in inflammatory cells at different stages of lesions and their related mechanisms are discussed, which can provide new insights from a clinical to bench perspective for atherosclerosis me chanism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Maternal high-fat diet in mice induces cerebrovascular, microglial and long-term behavioural alterations in offspring. Commun Biol 2022; 5:26. [PMID: 35017640 PMCID: PMC8752761 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental exposures during pregnancy, like maternal diet, can compromise, at critical periods of development, the neurovascular maturation of the offspring. Foetal exposure to maternal high-fat diet (mHFD), common to Western societies, has been shown to disturb neurovascular development in neonates and long-term permeability of the neurovasculature. Nevertheless, the effects of mHFD on the offspring’s cerebrovascular health remains largely elusive. Here, we sought to address this knowledge gap by using a translational mouse model of mHFD exposure. Three-dimensional and ultrastructure analysis of the neurovascular unit (vasculature and parenchymal cells) in mHFD-exposed offspring revealed major alterations of the neurovascular organization and metabolism. These alterations were accompanied by changes in the expression of genes involved in metabolism and immunity, indicating that neurovascular changes may result from abnormal brain metabolism and immune regulation. In addition, mHFD-exposed offspring showed persisting behavioural alterations reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically an increase in stereotyped and repetitive behaviours into adulthood. In order to advance our understanding of the effects of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) on the cerebrovascular health of offspring, Bordeleau et al. use a translational mouse model of mHFD exposure. They demonstrate that mHFD induces cerebrovascular and microglial changes in the offspring as well as behavioural alterations that are reminiscent of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with repetitive behaviours at adulthood.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bordeleau M, Fernández de Cossío L, Lacabanne C, Savage JC, Vernoux N, Chakravarty M, Tremblay MÈ. Maternal high-fat diet modifies myelin organization, microglial interactions, and results in social memory and sensorimotor gating deficits in adolescent mouse offspring. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100281. [PMID: 34589781 PMCID: PMC8474164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) acts as a risk factor for various neurodevelopmental alterations in the progeny. Recent studies in mice revealed that mHFD results in both neuroinflammation and hypomyelination in the exposed offspring. Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, play crucial roles during brain development, notably by modulating oligodendrocyte populations and performing phagocytosis of myelin sheaths. Previously, we reported that mHFD modifies microglial phenotype (i.e., morphology, interactions with their microenvironment, transcripts) in the hippocampus of male and female offspring. In the current study, we further explored whether mHFD may induce myelination changes among the hippocampal-corpus callosum-prefrontal cortex pathway, and result in behavioral outcomes in adolescent offspring of the two sexes. To this end, female mice were fed with control chow or HFD for 4 weeks before mating, during gestation, and until weaning of their litter. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed an increased density of myelin associated with a reduced area of cytosolic myelin channels in the corpus callosum of mHFD-exposed male compared to female offspring. Transcripts of myelination-associated genes including Igf1 -a growth factor released by microglia- were also lower, specifically in the hippocampus (without changes in the prefrontal cortex) of adolescent male mouse offspring. These changes in myelin were not related to an altered density, distribution, or maturation of oligodendrocytes, instead we found that microglia within the corpus callosum of mHFD-exposed offspring showed reduced numbers of mature lysosomes and increased synaptic contacts, suggesting microglial implication in the modified myelination. At the behavioral level, both male and female mHFD-exposed adolescent offspring presented loss of social memory and sensorimotor gating deficits. These results together highlight the importance of studying oligodendrocyte-microglia crosstalk and its involvement in the long-term brain alterations that result from prenatal mHFD in offspring across sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Bordeleau
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chloé Lacabanne
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie C Savage
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Enlow W, Bordeleau M, Piret J, Ibáñez FG, Uyar O, Venable MC, Goyette N, Carbonneau J, Tremblay ME, Boivin G. Microglia are involved in phagocytosis and extracellular digestion during Zika virus encephalitis in young adult immunodeficient mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:178. [PMID: 34399779 PMCID: PMC8369691 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with several neurological complications in adult patients. METHODS We used a mouse model deficient in TRIF and IPS-1 adaptor proteins, which are involved in type I interferon production, to study the role of microglia during brain infection by ZIKV. Young adult mice were infected intravenously with the contemporary ZIKV strain PRVABC59 (1 × 105 PFUs/100 µL). RESULTS Infected mice did not present overt clinical signs of the disease nor body weight loss compared with noninfected animals. However, mice exhibited a viremia and a brain viral load that were maximal (1.3 × 105 genome copies/mL and 9.8 × 107 genome copies/g of brain) on days 3 and 7 post-infection (p.i.), respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that ZIKV antigens were distributed in several regions of the brain, especially the dorsal hippocampus. The number of Iba1+/TMEM119+ microglia remained similar in infected versus noninfected mice, but their cell body and arborization areas significantly increased in the stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare layers of the dorsal hippocampus cornu ammoni (CA)1, indicating a reactive state. Ultrastructural analyses also revealed that microglia displayed increased phagocytic activities and extracellular digestion of degraded elements during infection. Mice pharmacologically depleted in microglia with PLX5622 presented a higher brain viral load compared to untreated group (2.8 × 1010 versus 8.5 × 108 genome copies/g of brain on day 10 p.i.) as well as an increased number of ZIKV antigens labeled with immunogold in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum of neurons and astrocytes indicating an enhanced viral replication. Furthermore, endosomes of astrocytes contained nanogold particles together with digested materials, suggesting a compensatory phagocytic activity upon microglial depletion. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that microglia are involved in the control of ZIKV replication and/or its elimination in the brain. After depletion of microglia, the removal of ZIKV-infected cells by phagocytosis could be partly compensated by astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Enlow
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Bordeleau
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Piret
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando González Ibáñez
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Olus Uyar
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Venable
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Goyette
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carbonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Neurosciences Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Guy Boivin
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arshad R, Pal K, Sabir F, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Shahnaz G, Kyzas GZ. A review of the nanomaterials use for the diagnosis and therapy of salmonella typhi. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
Billions of cells undergo apoptosis daily and are swiftly removed by macrophages through an evolutionarily conserved program termed "efferocytosis". Consequently, macromolecules within an apoptotic cell significantly burden a phagocyte with nutrients, such as lipids, oligonucleotides, and amino acids. In response to this nutrient overload, metabolic reprogramming must occur for the process of efferocytosis to remain non-phlogistic and to execute successive rounds of efferocytosis. The inability to undergo metabolic reprogramming after efferocytosis drives inflammation and impairs its resolution, often promoting many chronic inflammatory diseases. This is particularly evident for atherosclerosis, as metabolic reprogramming alters macrophage function in every stage of atherosclerosis, from the early formation of benign lesions to the progression of clinically relevant atheromas and during atherosclerosis regression upon aggressive lipid-lowering. This Review focuses on the metabolic pathways utilized upon apoptotic cell ingestion, the consequences of these metabolic pathways in macrophage function thereafter, and the role of metabolic reprogramming during atherosclerosis. Due to the growing interest in this new field, I introduce a new term, "efferotabolism", as a means to define the process by which macrophages break down, metabolize, and respond to AC-derived macromolecules. Understanding these aspects of efferotabolism will shed light on novel strategies to combat atherosclerosis and compromised inflammation resolution.
Collapse
|
14
|
Takito J, Nakamura M. Heterogeneity and Actin Cytoskeleton in Osteoclast and Macrophage Multinucleation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186629. [PMID: 32927783 PMCID: PMC7554939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent differentiation pathways. During differentiation, mononuclear precursors become multinucleated by cell fusion. Recently, live-cell imaging has revealed a high level of heterogeneity in osteoclast multinucleation. This heterogeneity includes the difference in the differentiation states and the mobility of the fusion precursors, as well as the mode of fusion among the fusion precursors with different numbers of nuclei. In particular, fusion partners often form morphologically distinct actin-based linkages that allow two cells to exchange lipids and proteins before membrane fusion. However, the origin of this heterogeneity remains elusive. On the other hand, osteoclast multinucleation is sensitive to the environmental cues. Such cues promote the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially the formation and transformation of the podosome, an actin-rich punctate adhesion. This review covers the heterogeneity of osteoclast multinucleation at the pre-fusion stage with reference to the environment-dependent signaling pathway responsible for reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we compare osteoclast multinucleation with macrophage fusion, which results in multinucleated giant macrophages.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bordeleau M, Lacabanne C, Fernández de Cossío L, Vernoux N, Savage JC, González-Ibáñez F, Tremblay MÈ. Microglial and peripheral immune priming is partially sexually dimorphic in adolescent mouse offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:264. [PMID: 32891154 PMCID: PMC7487673 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal nutrition is critical for proper fetal development. While increased nutrient intake is essential during pregnancy, an excessive consumption of certain nutrients, like fat, can lead to long-lasting detrimental consequences on the offspring. Animal work investigating the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) revealed in the offspring a maternal immune activation (MIA) phenotype associated with increased inflammatory signals. This inflammation was proposed as one of the mechanisms causing neuronal circuit dysfunction, notably in the hippocampus, by altering the brain-resident macrophages—microglia. However, the understanding of mechanisms linking inflammation and microglial activities to pathological brain development remains limited. We hypothesized that mHFD-induced inflammation could prime microglia by altering their specific gene expression signature, population density, and/or functions. Methods We used an integrative approach combining molecular (i.e., multiplex-ELISA, rt-qPCR) and cellular (i.e., histochemistry, electron microscopy) techniques to investigate the effects of mHFD (saturated and unsaturated fats) vs control diet on inflammatory priming, as well as microglial transcriptomic signature, density, distribution, morphology, and ultrastructure in mice. These analyses were performed on the mothers and/or their adolescent offspring at postnatal day 30. Results Our study revealed that mHFD results in MIA defined by increased circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in the mothers. This phenotype was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response to peripheral lipopolysaccharide in mHFD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Microglial morphology was also altered, and there were increased microglial interactions with astrocytes in the hippocampus CA1 of mHFD-exposed male offspring, as well as decreased microglia-associated extracellular space pockets in the same region of mHFD-exposed offspring of the two sexes. A decreased mRNA expression of the inflammatory-regulating cytokine Tgfb1 and microglial receptors Tmem119, Trem2, and Cx3cr1 was additionally measured in the hippocampus of mHFD-exposed offspring, especially in males. Conclusions Here, we described how dietary habits during pregnancy and nurturing, particularly the consumption of an enriched fat diet, can influence peripheral immune priming in the offspring. We also found that microglia are affected in terms of gene expression signature, morphology, and interactions with the hippocampal parenchyma, in a partially sexually dimorphic manner, which may contribute to the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes on the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Bordeleau
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chloé Lacabanne
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nathalie Vernoux
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie C Savage
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando González-Ibáñez
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Département de médecine moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus Laminated Layer. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00190-20. [PMID: 32571988 PMCID: PMC7440765 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00190-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of dendritic cells and macrophages with a variety of rigid noncellular particles triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Noncellular particles can also be generated in the context of helminth infection, since these large pathogens often shed their outermost structures during growth and/or molting. One such structure is the massive, mucin-based, soft, flexible laminated layer (LL), which protects the larval stages of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. The interaction of dendritic cells and macrophages with a variety of rigid noncellular particles triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Noncellular particles can also be generated in the context of helminth infection, since these large pathogens often shed their outermost structures during growth and/or molting. One such structure is the massive, mucin-based, soft, flexible laminated layer (LL), which protects the larval stages of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus. We show that particles from the Echinococcus granulosus LL (pLL) trigger NLRP3- and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). This response can be elicited by pLL too large for phagocytosis and nonetheless requires actin dynamics, Syk, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). These three requirements had already been observed in our previous study on the alteration by pLL of CD86, CD40, IL-10, and IL-12 responses to LPS in BMDC; however, we now show that these alterations are independent of NLRP3 and caspase-1. In other words, an initial interaction with particles requiring actin dynamics, Syk, and PI3K, but not phagocytosis, elicits both NLRP3-dependent and NLRP3-independent responses. Intraperitoneal injection of pLL induced IL-1β, suggesting that contact with LL materials induces IL-1β in the E. granulosus infection setting. Our results extend our understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by noncellular particulate materials both to helminth-derived materials and to flexible/soft materials.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dahik VD, Frisdal E, Le Goff W. Rewiring of Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity: Impact on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155505. [PMID: 32752107 PMCID: PMC7432680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its two major comorbidities, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, represent worldwide health issues whose incidence is predicted to steadily rise in the coming years. Obesity is characterized by an accumulation of fat in metabolic tissues resulting in chronic inflammation. It is now largely accepted that adipose tissue inflammation underlies the etiology of these disorders. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) represent the most enriched immune fraction in hypertrophic, chronically inflamed adipose tissue, and these cells play a key role in diet-induced type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. ATMs are triggered by the continuous influx of dietary lipids, among other stimuli; however, how these lipids metabolically activate ATM depends on their nature, composition and localization. This review will discuss the fate and molecular programs elicited within obese ATMs by both exogenous and endogenous lipids, as they mediate the inflammatory response and promote or hamper the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|