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Haffener PE, Al-Riyami AZ, Al-Zadjali S, Al-Rawahi M, Al Hosni S, Al Marhoobi A, Al Sheriyani A, Leffler EM. Characterization of Blood Group Variants in an Omani Population by Comparison of Whole Genome Sequencing and Serology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599396. [PMID: 38948735 PMCID: PMC11212902 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Although blood group variation was first described over a century ago, our understanding of the genetic variation affecting antigenic expression on the red blood cell surface in many populations is lacking. This deficit limits the ability to accurately type patients, especially as serological testing is not available for all described blood groups, and targeted genotyping panels may lack rare or population-specific variants. Here, we perform serological assays across 24 antigens and whole genome sequencing on 100 Omanis, a population underrepresented in genomic databases. We inferred blood group phenotypes using the most commonly typed genetic variants. The comparison of serological to inferred phenotypes resulted in an average concordance of 96.9%. Among the 22 discordances, we identify seven known variants in four blood groups that, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported in Omanis. Incorporating these variants for phenotype inference, concordance increases to 98.8%. Additionally, we describe five candidate variants in the Lewis, Lutheran, MNS, and P1 blood groups that may affect antigenic expression, although further functional confirmation is required. Notably, we identify several blood group alleles most common in African populations, likely introduced to Oman by gene flow over the last thousand years. These findings highlight the need to evaluate individual populations and their population history when considering variants to include in genotype panels for blood group typing. This research will inform future work in blood banks and transfusion services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Haffener
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arwa Z. Al-Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Shoaib Al-Zadjali
- Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al-Rawahi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al Hosni
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ali Al Marhoobi
- Department of Hematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Ellen M. Leffler
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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2
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Jáñez Pedrayes A, Rymen D, Ghesquière B, Witters P. Glycosphingolipids in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108434. [PMID: 38489976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of rare disorders affecting the different glycosylation pathways. Defective glycosylation can affect any organ, with varying symptoms among the different CDG. Even between individuals with the same CDG there is quite variable severity. Associating specific symptoms to deficiencies of certain glycoproteins or glycolipids is thus a challenging task. In this review, we focus on the glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis pathway, which is still rather unexplored in the context of CDG, and outline the functions of the main GSLs, including gangliosides, and their role in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of GSL studies that have been performed in CDG and show that abnormal GSL levels are not only observed in CDG directly affecting GSL synthesis, but also in better known CDG, such as PMM2-CDG. We highlight the importance of studying GSLs in CDG in order to better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jáñez Pedrayes
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Szymczak-Kulus K, Weidler S, Bereznicka A, Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Bednarz B, Zhang T, Urbaniak A, Olczak M, Park EY, Majorczyk E, Kapczynska K, Lukasiewicz J, Wuhrer M, Unverzagt C, Czerwinski M. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase produces P1 glycotope-capped N-glycans, which mediate Shiga toxin 1 but not Shiga toxin 2 cell entry. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100299. [PMID: 33460651 PMCID: PMC7949097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Gb3/CD77 synthase, encoded by the A4GALT gene, is an unusually promiscuous glycosyltransferase. It synthesizes the Galα1→4Gal linkage on two different glycosphingolipids (GSLs), producing globotriaosylceramide (Gb3, CD77, Pk) and the P1 antigen. Gb3 is the major receptor for Shiga toxins (Stxs) produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. A single amino acid substitution (p.Q211E) ramps up the enzyme's promiscuity, rendering it able to attach Gal both to another Gal residue and to GalNAc, giving rise to NOR1 and NOR2 GSLs. Human Gb3/CD77 synthase was long believed to transfer Gal only to GSL acceptors, therefore its GSL products were, by default, considered the only human Stx receptors. Here, using soluble, recombinant human Gb3/CD77 synthase and p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes can synthesize the P1 glycotope (terminal Galα1→4Galβ1→4GlcNAc-R) on a complex type N-glycan and a synthetic N-glycoprotein (saposin D). Moreover, by transfection of CHO-Lec2 cells with vectors encoding human Gb3/CD77 synthase and its p.Q211E mutein, we demonstrate that both enzymes produce P1 glycotopes on N-glycoproteins, with the mutein exhibiting elevated activity. These P1-terminated N-glycoproteins are recognized by Stx1 but not Stx2 B subunits. Finally, cytotoxicity assays show that Stx1 can use P1 N-glycoproteins produced in CHO-Lec2 cells as functional receptors. We conclude that Stx1 can recognize and use P1 N-glycoproteins in addition to its canonical GSL receptors to enter and kill the cells, while Stx2 can use GSLs only. Collectively, these results may have important implications for our understanding of the Shiga toxin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sascha Weidler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Bereznicka
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Bednarz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Olczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kapczynska
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lukasiewicz
- Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland.
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4
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Thinley J, Nathalang O, Chidtrakoon S, Intharanut K. Blood group P1 prediction using multiplex PCR genotyping of A4GALT among Thai blood donors. Transfus Med 2020; 31:48-54. [PMID: 33314439 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with P1 expression among Thai blood donors and develop a genotyping method using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to predict P1 blood group status. BACKGROUND The α1,4-galactosyltransferase (A4GALT), also called Gb3/CD77 synthase or P1/Pk synthase enzyme, is encoded by the A4GALT gene and catalyses the transfer of galactose from uridine diphosphate-galactose to lactosylceramide, creating the Pk antigen (Gb3). The same enzyme synthesises the P1 antigen by adding terminal galactose to paragloboside. The A4GALT transcripts are elevated in P1 , and different SNVs in transcription factor-binding regions of A4GALT correlate with P1 and P2 phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 218 blood samples from Thai blood donors at the Thammasat University Hospital were tested for the P1 antigen using the conventional tube technique. Genomic DNA was extracted, and non-coding regions of A4GALT were sequenced and analysed. A multiplex PCR assay was developed and validated to identify P1-associated SNVs and was subsequently tested on 1022 Thai DNA samples of unknown P1 antigen status. RESULTS In the tested cohort (n = 218), P1 and P2 phenotypes were found in 24.77% and 75.23% of donors, respectively. Moreover, three SNVs-rs8138197 (C/T), rs2143918 (T/G) and rs5751348 (G/T)-correlated 100% with both phenotypes. Finally, findings agreed with serological phenotyping and DNA sequencing results, confirming their validity for predicting P1 antigen positivity. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that three SNVs also correlated with P1 /P2 phenotypes among Thais, as expected. A multiplex PCR found that SNVs rs2143918 (T) and rs5751348 (G) predicted blood group P1 and is an accurate, reproducible, cost-effective and less time-consuming alternative to traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigme Thinley
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | | | - Kamphon Intharanut
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
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5
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Shastry S, Satyamoorthy K, Acharya KV, Reddy VR, Mohan G, Deepika C, Reghunathan D, Joshi MB. Deletion in the A4GALT Gene Associated with Rare "P null" Phenotype: The First Report from India. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:186-189. [PMID: 32355479 DOI: 10.1159/000501916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present report illustrates a case with rare "P null" phenotype due to a large deletion in chromosome 22q13.2 and with clinically significant anti-PP1P<sup>k</sup> antibody. Patient blood management in such cases is challenging. Case Report The transfusion center supporting the tertiary care referral center in the southern part of India received a blood sample from a trauma case for pre-transfusion testing. An antibody to a high-frequency blood group antigen was initially suspected. Following extensive immune-hematological workup, the patient was diagnosed to have naturally occurring anti-PP1P<sup>k</sup> antibody and a rare "P null" phenotype. The genomic DNA of the patient was analyzed by exome sequencing followed by Sanger's sequencing. Molecular diagnostics revealed a large 21-bp deletion in chromosome 22q13.2 which encodes the A4GALT gene, resulting in truncation of seven amino acids I245-251P and resulted in rare "P null" phenotype. Patient blood management strategies were adopted to manage the patient conservatively without blood transfusion. Conclusion A large deletion in chromosome 22q13.2 had resulted in a rare "P null" phenotype in the present case. The patient was a victim of a road traffic accident, required emergency hospitalization, as well as surgical intervention, and his plasma had antibodies to high-frequency antigens. A rare donor registry plays a major role in providing transfusion support to such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamee Shastry
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kiran V Acharya
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Vijay Ram Reddy
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Ganesh Mohan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Chenna Deepika
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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6
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Lane WJ, Vege S, Mah HH, Lomas-Francis C, Aguad M, Smeland-Wagman R, Koch C, Killian JM, Gardner CL, De Castro M, Lebo MS, Kaufman RM, Green RC, Westhoff CM. Automated typing of red blood cell and platelet antigens from whole exome sequences. Transfusion 2019; 59:3253-3263. [PMID: 31392742 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotyping has expanded the number red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) antigens that can readily be typed, but often represents an additional testing cost. The analysis of existing genomic data offers a cost-effective approach. We recently developed automated software (bloodTyper) for determination of RBC and PLT antigens from whole genome sequencing. Here we extend the algorithm to whole exome sequencing (WES). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed on samples from 75 individuals. WES-based bloodTyper RBC and PLT typing was compared to conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) RHD zygosity testing and serologic and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for 38 RBC antigens in 12 systems (17 serologic and 35 SNPs) and 22 PLT antigens (22 SNPs). Samples from the first 20 individuals were used to modify bloodTyper to interpret WES followed by blinded typing of 55 samples. RESULTS Over the first 20 samples, discordances were noted for C, M, and N antigens, which were due to WES-specific biases. After modification, bloodTyper was 100% accurate on blinded evaluation of the last 55 samples and outperformed both serologic (99.67% accurate) and SNP typing (99.97% accurate) reflected by two Fyb and one N serologic typing errors and one undetected SNP encoding a Jknull phenotype. RHD zygosity testing by bloodTyper was 100% concordant with a combination of hybrid Rhesus box PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for all samples. CONCLUSION The automated bloodTyper software was modified for WES biases to allow for accurate RBC and PLT antigen typing. Such analysis could become a routing part of future WES efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Helen H Mah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Maria Aguad
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew S Lebo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard M Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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7
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The molecular genetic background leading to the formation of the human erythroid-specific Xg a/CD99 blood groups. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1854-1864. [PMID: 30061310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018018879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Xga and CD99 antigens of the human Xg blood group system show a unique and sex-specific phenotypic relationship. The phenotypic relationship is believed to result from transcriptional coregulation of the XG and CD99 genes, which span the pseudoautosomal boundary of the X and Y chromosomes. However, the molecular genetic background responsible for these blood groups has remained undetermined. During the present investigation, we initially conducted a pilot study aimed at individuals with different Xga/CD99 phenotypes; this used targeted next-generation sequencing of the genomic areas relevant to XG and CD99 This was followed by a large-scale association study that demonstrated a definite association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs311103 and the Xga/CD99 blood groups. The G and C genotypes of SNP rs311103 were associated with the Xg(a+)/CD99H and Xg(a-)/CD99L phenotypes, respectively. The rs311103 genomic region with the G genotype was found to have stronger transcription-enhancing activity by reporter assay, and this occurred specifically with erythroid-lineage cells. Such activity was absent when the same region with the C genotype was investigated. In silico analysis of the polymorphic rs311103 genomic regions revealed that a binding motif for members of the GATA transcription factor family was present in the rs311103[G] region. Follow-up investigations showed that the erythroid GATA1 factor is able to bind specifically to the rs311103[G] region and markedly stimulates the transcriptional activity of the rs311103[G] segment. The present findings identify the genetic basis of the erythroid-specific Xga/CD99 blood group phenotypes and reveal the molecular background of their formation.
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8
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Stenfelt L, Westman JS, Hellberg Å, Olsson ML. The P1 histo-blood group antigen is present on human red blood cell glycoproteins. Transfusion 2018; 59:1108-1117. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Stenfelt
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Centre C14; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Julia S. Westman
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Centre C14; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Åsa Hellberg
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine; Office of Medical Services; Lund Sweden
| | - Martin L. Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Biomedical Centre C14; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine; Office of Medical Services; Lund Sweden
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9
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Lane WJ, Aguad M, Smeland-Wagman R, Vege S, Mah HH, Joseph A, Blout CL, Nguyen TT, Lebo MS, Sidhu M, Lomas-Francis C, Kaufman RM, Green RC, Westhoff CM. A whole genome approach for discovering the genetic basis of blood group antigens: independent confirmation for P1 and Xg a. Transfusion 2018; 59:908-915. [PMID: 30592300 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although P1 and Xga are known to be associated with the A4GALT and XG genes, respectively, the genetic basis of antigen expression has been elusive. Recent reports link both P1 and Xga expression with nucleotide changes in the promotor regions and with antigen-negative phenotypes due to disruption of transcription factor binding. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole genome sequencing was performed on 113 individuals as part of the MedSeq Project with serologic RBC antigen typing for P1 (n = 77) and Xga (n = 15). Genomic data were analyzed by two approaches, nucleotide frequency correlation and serologic correlation, to find A4GALT and XG changes associated with P1 and Xga expression. RESULTS For P1, the frequency approach identified 29 possible associated nucleotide changes, and the serologic approach revealed four among them correlating with the P1+/P1- phenotype: chr22:43,115,523_43,115,520AAAG/delAAAG (rs66781836); chr 22:43,114,551C/T (rs8138197); chr22:43,114,020 T/G (rs2143918); and chr22:43,113,793G/T (rs5751348). For Xga , the frequency approach identified 82 possible associated nucleotide changes, and among these the serologic approach revealed one correlating with the Xg(a+)/Xg(a-) phenotype: chrX:2,666,384G/C (rs311103). CONCLUSION A bioinformatics analysis pipeline was created to identify genetic changes responsible for RBC antigen expression. This study, in progress before the recently published reports, independently confirms the basis for P1 and Xga . Although this enabled molecular typing of these antigens, the Y chromosome PAR1 region interfered with Xga typing in males. This approach could be used to identify and confirm the genetic basis of antigens, potentially replacing the historical approach using family pedigrees as genomic sequencing becomes commonplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Lane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Aguad
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Helen H Mah
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carrie L Blout
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tiffany T Nguyen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew S Lebo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Richard M Kaufman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Partners Personalized Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Portegys J, Rink G, Bloos P, Scharberg EA, Klüter H, Bugert P. Towards a Regional Registry of Extended Typed Blood Donors: Molecular Typing for Blood Group, Platelet and Granulocyte Antigens. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:331-340. [PMID: 30498411 PMCID: PMC6257148 DOI: 10.1159/000493555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The provision of compatible blood products to patients is the most essential task of transfusion medicine. Besides ABO and Rh, a number of additional blood group antigens often have to be considered for the blood supply of immunized or chronically transfused patients. It also applies for platelet antigens (HPA) and neutrophil antigens (HNA) for patients receiving platelet or granulocyte concentrates. Here, we describe the molecular screening for a number of blood group, HPA, and HNA alleles. Based on the screening results we are building up a regional blood donor registry to provide extended matched blood products on demand. METHODS We developed and validated TaqMan™ PCR and PCR-SSP methods for genetic markers defining 37 clinically relevant blood group antigens (beyond ABO and Rh), 10 HPA, and 11 HNA. Furthermore, we describe a feasible method for fast molecular screening of the HNA-2null phenotype. All data were statistically evaluated regarding genotype distribution. Allele frequencies were compared to ExAC data from non-Finnish Europeans. RESULTS Up to now more than 2,000 non-selected regular blood donors in south-west Germany have been screened for blood group, HPA, and HNA alleles. The screening results were confirmed by serology and PCR-SSP methods for selected numbers of samples. The allele frequencies were similar to non-finnish Europeans in the ExAC database except for the alleles encoding the S, HPA-3b and HNA-4b antigens, with significantly lower prevalence in our cohort, as well as the LU14 and the HNA-3b antigens, with a higher frequency compared to the ExAC data. We identified 71 donors with rare blood groups such as Lu(a+b-), Kp(a+b-), Fy(a-b-) and Vel-, and 169 donors with less prevalent HPA or HNA types. CONCLUSION Molecular screening for blood group alleles by using TaqMan™ PCR is an effective and reliable high-throughput method for establishing a rare donor registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Portegys
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gabi Rink
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pia Bloos
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erwin A. Scharberg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Baden-Baden; Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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11
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Ricci Hagman J, Hult AK, Westman JS, Hosseini-Maaf B, Jongruamklang P, Saipin J, Bejrachandra S, Olsson ML. Multiple miscarriages in two sisters of Thai origin with the rare P k phenotype caused by a novel nonsense mutation at the B3GALNT1 locus. Transfus Med 2018; 29:202-208. [PMID: 29873420 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the genetic background underlying the Pk phenotype in two Thai sisters suffering from multiple spontaneous abortions. BACKGROUND The P antigen is carried by globoside, an abundant glycosphingolipid in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Inactivating mutations in the 3-β-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene (B3GALNT1) give rise to the rare Pk phenotype, which lack the P and PX2 antigens. Consequently, naturally occurring anti-P may cause recurrent miscarriages following the cytotoxic attack of the globoside-rich fetal portion of the placenta. METHODS/MATERIALS P/P1/PX2/Pk antigens on RBCs and their corresponding antibodies were detected by haemagglutination and flow cytometry. The B3GALNT1 coding region was sequenced, and an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. RESULTS The two sisters had suffered 8 and 11 miscarriages, most of which occurred in the first trimester. Anti-P and anti-PX2 were identified in their plasmas, and the RBCs typed as P-PX2-Pk +, i.e. had the Pk phenotype. Sequencing revealed homozygosity for a nonsense mutation, c.420T>G, in B3GALNT1. This substitution introduces a premature stop codon, p.Tyr140Ter, which is predicted to abolish enzymatic activity. Screening of 384 Thai donors indicated an allele frequency of 0·13%. CONCLUSION We describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.420T>G) in B3GALNT1 (GLOB*01N·13), which was added to the 12 alleles already known in the GLOB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ricci Hagman
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - A K Hult
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - J S Westman
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Hosseini-Maaf
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - P Jongruamklang
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Saipin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S Bejrachandra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Sweden
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12
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Kaczmarek R, Szymczak-Kulus K, Bereźnicka A, Mikołajczyk K, Duk M, Majorczyk E, Krop-Watorek A, Klausa E, Skowrońska J, Michalewska B, Brojer E, Czerwinski M. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in A4GALT spur extra products of the human Gb3/CD77 synthase and underlie the P1PK blood group system. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196627. [PMID: 29709005 PMCID: PMC5927444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the mainstream blood group systems, P1PK continues to puzzle and generate controversies over its molecular background. The P1PK system comprises three glycosphingolipid antigens: Pk, P1 and NOR, all synthesised by a glycosyltransferase called Gb3/CD77 synthase. The Pk antigen is present in most individuals, whereas P1 frequency is lesser and varies regionally, thus underlying two common phenotypes: P1, if the P1 antigen is present, and P2, when P1 is absent. Null and NOR phenotypes are extremely rare. To date, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been proposed to predict the P1/P2 status, but it has not been clear how important they are in general and in relation to each other, nor has it been clear how synthesis of NOR affects the P1 phenotype. Here, we quantitatively analysed the phenotypes and A4GALT transcription in relation to the previously proposed SNPs in a sample of 109 individuals, and addressed potential P1 antigen level confounders, most notably the red cell membrane cholesterol content. While all the SNPs were associated with the P1/P2 blood type and rs5751348 was the most reliable, we found large differences in P1 level within groups defined by their genotype and substantial intercohort overlaps, which shows that the P1PK blood group system still eludes full understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bereźnicka
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Mikołajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Duk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Krop-Watorek
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Klausa
- Regional Centre of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Skowrońska
- Regional Centre of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Michalewska
- Department of Immunohaematology and Immunology of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brojer
- Department of Immunohaematology and Immunology of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
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13
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Allele-selective RUNX1 binding regulates P1 blood group status by transcriptional control of A4GALT. Blood 2018; 131:1611-1616. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-803080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
The intronic A4GALT SNP rs5751348 defines a hematopoietic transcription factor–binding site present in P1 but not P2 blood group alleles. RUNX1 selectively binds to this regulatory site in P1 alleles; small interfering RNA knockdown of RUNX1 downregulates A4GALT transcript levels.
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14
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15
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Yeh CC, Chang CJ, Twu YC, Hung ST, Tsai YJ, Liao JC, Huang JT, Kao YH, Lin SW, Yu LC. The differential expression of the blood group P1
-A4GALT
and P2
-A4GALT
alleles is stimulated by the transcription factor early growth response 1. Transfusion 2018; 58:1054-1064. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine; School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Hung
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jui Tsai
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Liao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ji-Ting Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Kao
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chih Yu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Kaczmarek R, Mikolajewicz K, Szymczak K, Duk M, Majorczyk E, Krop-Watorek A, Buczkowska A, Czerwinski M. Evaluation of an amino acid residue critical for the specificity and activity of human Gb3/CD77 synthase. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:963-973. [PMID: 27538840 PMCID: PMC5149393 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9716-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human Gb3/CD77 synthase (α1,4-galactosyltransferase) is the only known glycosyltransferase that changes acceptor specificity because of a point mutation. The enzyme, encoded by A4GALT locus, is responsible for biosynthesis of Gal(α1-4)Gal moiety in Gb3 (CD77, Pk antigen) and P1 glycosphingolipids. We showed before that a single nucleotide substitution c.631C > G in the open reading frame of A4GALT, resulting in replacement of glutamine with glutamic acid at position 211 (substitution p. Q211E), broadens the enzyme acceptor specificity, so it can not only attach galactose to another galactose but also to N-acetylgalactosamine. The latter reaction leads to synthesis of NOR antigens, which are glycosphingolipids with terminal Gal(α1-4)GalNAc sequence, never before described in mammals. Because of the apparent importance of position 211 for enzyme activity, we stably transfected the 2102Ep cells with vectors encoding Gb3/CD77 synthase with glutamine substituted by aspartic acid or asparagine, and evaluated the cells by quantitative flow cytometry, high-performance thin-layer chromatography and real-time PCR. We found that cells transfected with vectors encoding Gb3/CD77 synthase with substitutions p. Q211D or p. Q211N did not express Pk, P1 and NOR antigens, suggesting complete loss of enzymatic activity. Thus, amino acid residue at position 211 of Gb3/CD77 synthase is critical for specificity and activity of the enzyme involved in formation of Pk, P1 and NOR antigens. Altogether, this approach affords a new insight into the mechanism of action of the human Gb3/CD77 synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikolajewicz
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Confocal Microscopy Laboratory, Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Duk
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Majorczyk
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Krop-Watorek
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Anna Buczkowska
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
- Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
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17
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Human Gb3/CD77 synthase reveals specificity toward two or four different acceptors depending on amino acid at position 211, creating P(k), P1 and NOR blood group antigens. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:168-174. [PMID: 26773500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human Gb3/CD77 synthase (α1,4-galactosyltransferase, P(k) synthase), encoded by A4GALT gene, is known for synthesis of Gal(α1-4)Gal moiety in globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer, CD77, P(k) blood group antigen), a glycosphingolipid of the globo series. Recently, it was shown that c.631C > G mutation in A4GALT, which causes p.Q211E substitution in the open reading frame of the enzyme, broadens the enzyme specificity, making it able also to synthesize Gal(α1-4)GalNAc moiety, which constitutes the defining terminal disaccharide of the NOR antigen (carried by two glycosphingolipids: NOR1 and NOR2). Terminal Gal(α1-4)Gal disaccharide is also present in another glycosphingolipid blood group antigen, called P1, which together with P(k) and NOR comprises the P1PK blood group system. Despite several attempts, it was never clearly shown that P1 antigen is synthesized by Gb3/CD77 synthase, leaving open an alternative hypothesis that there are two homologous α1,4-galactosyltransferases in humans. In this study, using recombinant Gb3/CD77 synthase produced in insect cells, we show that the consensus enzyme synthesizes both the P(k) and P1 antigens, while its p.Q211E variant additionally synthesizes the NOR antigen. This is the first direct biochemical evidence that Gb3/CD77 synthase is able to synthesize two different glycosphingolipid antigens: P(k) and P1, and when p.Q211E substitution is present, the NOR antigen is also synthesized.
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