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Amin YES, Ahmed-Abakur EH. West Nile virus IgG antibodies among blood donors in Sudan: a cross-sectional study. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 49-50:101062. [PMID: 36568644 PMCID: PMC9772833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
while the world is concentrated on fighting SARS-CoV-2, other viruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) attack the communities silently. West Nile Virus (WNV) is established as one of the infectious agents that transmissible blood transfusion. The present study is cross-sectional, conducted in the central blood bank, Khartoum state, Sudan, and aimed to determine WNV IgG antibodies among blood donors. METHODS the antibodies of the IgG class against West Nile virus in the serum were determined using the ELISA technique. Ninety blood donors participated in this study. RESULTS the results showed that 67(74.4%) of participants had positive IgG for WNV. The majority of positive participants 28/67(41.8%) had an age between 28-37 years followed by an age group 18-27 years 24/67(35.8), the dominant blood group of the positive WNV IgG participants was A+ 26/67 (38.8%) followed by O+ 19/67(28.4%). The result displayed that 40(59.7%) of the positive IgG had donated blood several times and 58 (86.6%) had a blood transfusion. Statistical analysis showed an insignificant association between age group, blood group, blood donation, blood transfusion, and West Nile Virus. CONCLUSIONS the high IgG seroprevalence (which indicated previous infection) in the present study suggests high virus circulation in Sudan. This situation proposed that WNF screening test should be part of blood transfusion screening tests in Sudan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Ezzeldien Salih Amin
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum North, Postal code 11111, Sudan
| | - Eltayib Hassan Ahmed-Abakur
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum North, Postal code 11111, Sudan
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk, Postal code 71411, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum North, Postal code 11111, Sudan.
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Miotto M, Di Rienzo L, Gosti G, Milanetti E, Ruocco G. Does blood type affect the COVID-19 infection pattern? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251535. [PMID: 33984040 PMCID: PMC8118288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many aspects that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic, two seem particularly challenging to understand: i) the great geographical differences in the degree of virus contagiousness and lethality that were found in the different phases of the epidemic progression, and, ii) the potential role of the infected people's blood type in both the virus infectivity and the progression of the disease. A recent hypothesis could shed some light on both aspects. Specifically, it has been proposed that, in the subject-to-subject transfer, SARS-CoV-2 conserves on its capsid the erythrocytes' antigens of the source subject. Thus these conserved antigens can potentially cause an immune reaction in a receiving subject that has previously acquired specific antibodies for the source subject antigens. This hypothesis implies a blood type-dependent infection rate. The strong geographical dependence of the blood type distribution could be, therefore, one of the factors at the origin of the observed heterogeneity in the epidemics spread. Here, we present an epidemiological deterministic model where the infection rules based on blood types are taken into account, and we compare our model outcomes with the exiting worldwide infection progression data. We found an overall good agreement, which strengthens the hypothesis that blood types do play a role in the COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Miotto
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Rienzo
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gosti
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
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Capai L, Hozé N, Chiaroni J, Gross S, Djoudi R, Charrel R, Izopet J, Bosseur F, Priet S, Cauchemez S, de Lamballerie X, Falchi A, Gallian P. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors on Corsica, France, 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32046820 PMCID: PMC7014670 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.5.1900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in European countries. Corsica Island has been previously identified as a hyperendemic area for HEV. Aim Our aim was to characterise the prevalence and titres of IgG antibodies to HEV among blood donors on Corsica and establish a model of the annual force of infection. Methods Between September 2017 and January 2018, 2,705 blood donations were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. Results The overall seroprevalence was 56.1%. In multivariate analysis, seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (60.0% vs 52.2%; p < 0.01), increased with age and was significantly higher among donors born on Corsica (60.6% vs 53.2%; p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the five districts of the island. IgG anti-HEV titres were mostly low (70% of positive donors had titres < 3 IU/mL). In Corsican natives, increasing seroprevalence by age could be explained by models capturing a loss of immunity (annual probability of infection: 4.5%; duration of immunity: 55 years) or by age-specific probabilities of infection (3.8% for children, 1.3% for adults). Conclusion We confirmed the high HEV seroprevalence on Corsica and identified three aspects that should be further explored: (i) the epidemiology in those younger than 18 years, (ii) common sources of contamination, in particular drinking water, that may explain the wide exposure of the population, and (iii) the actual protection afforded by the low IgG titres observed and the potential susceptibility to secondary HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandru Capai
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Nathanaël Hozé
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Etablissement Français du Sang Provence alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvie Gross
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 93210, La Plaine-Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rachid Djoudi
- Etablissement Français du Sang, 93210, La Plaine-Saint-Denis, France
| | - Rémi Charrel
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1043, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Bosseur
- Sciences Pour l'Environnement - UMR CNRS 6134 Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Stéphane Priet
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE): Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, 93210, La Plaine-Saint-Denis, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Provence alpes Côte d'Azur et Corse, Marseille, France
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Genetic susceptibility to West Nile virus infection in Camargue horses. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:284-292. [PMID: 31005660 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic neurotropic virus capable to cause lethal meningoencephalitis (WNE) in infected hosts such as birds, horses, and humans. Due to their sensitivity, horses serve as sentinel species in areas at risk. We studied a population of Camargue horses living in Southern France in two zones with endemic WNV circulation where WNV outbreaks were recorded in 2000 and 2003-4. Two sets of microsatellite markers located in MHC and Ly49 genomic regions were genotyped as well as multiple SNPs in ten immunity-related candidate gene regions. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and resistance/susceptibility to WNE were tested. While single marker associations were weak, compound two-gene genotypes of SNPs located within the MAVS, NCR2 and IL-10 genes and microsatellites HMS082 and CZM013 were associated with susceptibility to WNE. Combinations of microsatellite markers CZM009, ABGe17402 and ABGe9019 were associated with simple seroconversion without clinical signs of WNE (resistance). In addition, a distribution of polymorphic markers between WNV-IgG seropositive horses and a control group of WNV-IgG seronegative horses was tested. One SNP in the OAS1 gene (NC_009151.3:g.21961328A>G) was significantly associated with the seropositive phenotype (pcorr = 0.023; OR = 40.5 CI (4.28; 383.26); RR = 8.18 CI (1.27; 52.89) in the Camargue breed. In compound genotypes, SNP markers for SLC11A1, MAVS, OAS1, TLR4, ADAM17 and NCR2 genes and ten microsatellites showed non-random distribution between seropositive and seronegative groups of horses. Further analysis of associated markers could contribute to our understanding of anti-WNV defense mechanisms in horses.
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