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Johnson L, Bryant SJ, Lei P, Roan C, Marks DC, Bryant G. A deep eutectic solvent is an effective cryoprotective agent for platelets. Cryobiology 2024; 116:104913. [PMID: 38815783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The most widely used method of platelet cryopreservation requires the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Me2SO) as a cryoprotective agent (CPA) and pre-freeze removal of Me2SO before freezing to mitigate toxicity. However, alternative CPAs such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), which are less toxic could simplify this process. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Proline-Glycerol (Prol-Gly 1:3) DES as a platelet CPA. Platelets were cryopreserved at -80 °C using 10 % Prol-Gly 1:3 (DES; n = 6), or in the absence of a cryoprotectant (no CPA; n = 6). Platelets were also cryopreserved according to the gold-standard blood-banking method using 5.5 % Me2SO (n = 6), with centrifugation and pre-freeze removal of the excess Me2SO. Platelet quality was assessed by flow cytometry and thromboelastography (TEG). Post-thaw recovery was similar between the three groups. The abundance of labile platelet glycoproteins GPIbα and GPVI were highest in the DES group, however, markers of activation (CD62P and annexin-V) were also higher in this group. In terms of function, the strength of the clot (maximum amplitude; TEG) and extent of clot retraction was better with DES platelets compared to no CPA, but lower than Me2SO platelets. DES provides a cryoprotective advantage to platelets when compared to no CPA. Importantly, when compared to Me2SO platelets, most quality parameters were similar in DES platelets. The major advantage with using a DES is biocompatibility, therefore it does not need to be removed prior to transfusion. This greatly simplifies the freezing and thawing process, avoiding the toxic effects of Me2SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pearl Lei
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Roan
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kwan PSL, Kirwan S, Tuinukuafe A, Morley S. Temporal dynamics of in vitro hemostatic function in platelets cryopreserved using a novel approach for rapid issuance. Transfusion 2024; 64:1287-1295. [PMID: 38752347 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current procedures for thawing and issuing of cryopreserved platelets (CPPs) are laborious and have remained challenging in emergency settings such as blood banks and military operations. In this prospective study, a novel processing method designed to facilitate the rapid issuance of CPPs with no postthaw handling required was developed and functionally characterized in parallel with standard CPPs manufactured. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Double-dose plateletpheresis units (n = 42) were cryopreserved at -80°C in 5%-6% dimethyl sulfoxide to produce matched pairs thawed successively over a 27-month period for comparison between two processing arms. In contrast to the standard CPPs manufactured as standalone units, platelets were frozen in tandem with resuspending plasma in a distinct partition as a single unit in the novel method, herein referred to as tandem CPPs. Postthaw (PT) CPPs from both arms were assessed at PT0-, 12-, and 24-h to measure platelet recovery, R-time (time to clot initiation; min), and maximum amplitude (MA; clot strength; mm) using thromboelastography. RESULTS In the overall dataset, mean platelet recovery was higher (p < .0005) for tandem CPPs (83.9%) compared with standard CPPs (73.3%) at PT0; mean R-times were faster (p < .0005) for tandem CPPs (2.5-3.6 min) compared with standard CPPs (3.0-3.8 min); mean MA was higher for tandem CPPs (57.8-59.5 mm) compared with standard CPPs (52.1-55.8 mm) at each postthaw time point (p < .05). CONCLUSION Robust temporal dynamics of superior hemostatic functionality were established for tandem CPPs over extended cryopreservation up to 27 months and 24 h of postthaw storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S L Kwan
- Clinical Development, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susy Kirwan
- Clinical Development, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alice Tuinukuafe
- Cellular and Tissue Laboratory, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Morley
- Clinical Development, New Zealand Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lewin A, McGowan E, Ou-Yang J, Boateng LA, Dinardo CL, Mandal S, Almozain N, Ribeiro J, Sasongko SL. The future of blood services amid a tight balance between the supply and demand of blood products: Perspectives from the ISBT Young Professional Council. Vox Sang 2024; 119:505-513. [PMID: 38272856 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Blood services manage the increasingly tight balance between the supply and demand of blood products, and their role in health research is expanding. This review explores the themes that may define the future of blood banking. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the PubMed database for articles on emerging/new blood-derived products and the utilization of blood donors in health research. RESULTS In high-income countries (HICs), blood services may consider offering these products: whole blood, cold-stored platelets, synthetic blood components, convalescent plasma, lyophilized plasma and cryopreserved/lyophilized platelets. Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) aim to establish a pool of volunteer, non-remunerated blood donors and wean themselves off family replacement donors; and many HICs are relaxing the deferral criteria targeting racial and sexual minorities. Blood services in HICs could achieve plasma self-sufficiency by building plasma-dedicated centres, in collaboration with the private sector. Lastly, blood services should expand their involvement in health research by establishing donor cohorts, conducting serosurveys, studying non-infectious diseases and participating in clinical trials. CONCLUSION This article provides a vision of the future for blood services. The introduction of some of these changes will be slower in LMICs, where addressing key operational challenges will likely be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lewin
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Medicine faculty and health science, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eunike McGowan
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Australia
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lilian Antwi Boateng
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Immunohaematology laboratory, University Health Services, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Saikat Mandal
- Medical Oncology, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Nour Almozain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jannison Ribeiro
- Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Ceará - Hemoce, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Instituto Pró-Hemo Saúde - IPH, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Syeldy Langi Sasongko
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Waters L, Marks DC, Johnson L. Downscaling platelet cryopreservation: Are platelets frozen in tubes comparable to standard cryopreserved platelets? Transfusion 2024; 64:517-525. [PMID: 38230448 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet cryopreservation extends the shelf-life to at least 2 years. However, platelets are altered during the freeze/thaw process. Downscaling platelet cryopreservation by freezing in tubes would enable rapid screening of novel strategies to improve the quality of cryopreserved platelets (CPPs). The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of freezing conditions on the in vitro phenotype and function of platelets frozen in a low volume compared to standard CPPs. METHODS Platelets were prepared for cryopreservation using 5%-6% DMSO and processed using standard protocols or aliquoted into 2 mL tubes. Platelets were hyperconcentrated to 25 mL (standard CPPs) or 200 μL (tubes) before freezing at -80°C (n = 8). Six insulators/controlled rate freezing containers were used to vary the freezing rate of platelets in tubes. Platelets were thawed, resuspended in plasma, and then assessed by flow cytometry and thromboelastography. RESULTS The use of different insulators for tubes changed the freezing rate of platelets compared to platelets frozen using the standard protocol (p < .001). However, this had no impact on the recovery of the platelets (p = .87) or the proportion of platelets expressing GPIbα (p = .46) or GPVI (p = .07), which remained similar between groups. A lower proportion of platelets frozen in tubes externalized phosphatidylserine compared to standard CPPs (p < .001). The clot-forming ability (thromboelastography) of platelets was similar between groups (p > .05). CONCLUSION Freezing platelets in tubes modified the freezing rate and altered some platelet characteristics. However, the functional characteristics remained comparable, demonstrating the feasibility of downscaling platelet cryopreservation for high-throughput exploratory investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Waters
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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Jacobs MR, Zhou B, Tayal A, Maitta RW. Bacterial Contamination of Platelet Products. Microorganisms 2024; 12:258. [PMID: 38399662 PMCID: PMC10891786 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of bacterially contaminated platelets, although rare, is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity despite the introduction of many methods to limit this over the past 20 years. The methods used include improved donor skin disinfection, diversion of the first part of donations, use of apheresis platelet units rather than whole-blood derived pools, primary and secondary testing by culture or rapid test, and use of pathogen reduction. Primary culture has been in use the US since 2004, using culture 24 h after collection of volumes of 4-8 mL from apheresis collections and whole-blood derived pools inoculated into aerobic culture bottles, with limited use of secondary testing by culture or rapid test to extend shelf-life from 5 to 7 days. Primary culture was introduced in the UK in 2011 using a "large-volume, delayed sampling" (LVDS) protocol requiring culture 36-48 h after collection of volumes of 16 mL from split apheresis units and whole-blood derived pools, inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic culture bottles (8 mL each), with a shelf-life of 7 days. Pathogen reduction using amotosalen has been in use in Europe since 2002, and was approved for use in the US in 2014. In the US, recent FDA guidance, effective October 2021, recommended several strategies to limit bacterial contamination of platelet products, including pathogen reduction, variants of the UK LVDS method and several two-step strategies, with shelf-life ranging from 3 to 7 days. The issues associated with bacterial contamination and these strategies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Jacobs
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (B.Z.); (A.T.); (R.W.M.)
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Dumont LJ, Wolfe B, Leite C, Moss R, Wegener C, Thompson K, Min K. Feasibility evaluation of two novel systems for the automated preparation and extended storage of DMSO cryopreserved platelets. Transfusion 2023; 63:1554-1562. [PMID: 37358313 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manufacturing methods for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-cryopreserved platelets (CPPs) are manual and labor intensive. Thawing and prepare-for-transfusion steps are in an open system that requires transfusion within 4 h. A fill-and-finish system (CUE) can automate the manufacturing process. A newly configured bag system allows freezing, thawing, and use of resuspension solutions while maintaining the functionally closed system, and extending the post-thaw shelf life beyond 4 h. Our objective is to evaluate the feasibility of the CUE system and the functionally closed bag system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DMSO was volumetrically added to double-dose apheresis platelets, concentrated, and delivered to a 50- or 500-mL ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) bag by the CUE (n = 12). The functionally closed bag system contained 25 mL platelet additive solution 3 (PAS-3) in a 50-mL EVA bag. Control CPP (n = 2) were manually prepared. PAS-3 and CPP were thawed together. CPP were stored up to 98 h (20-24°C) and tested using a standard assay panel. RESULTS CUE prepared CPP met the design targets: volume, platelet content, and DMSO concentration. CUE CPP P-selectin was high. CD42b, phosphatidylserine (PS) expression, and live cell percentage were favorable compared to controls and favorably maintained over storage. The thrombin generation potency was slightly reduced compared to controls. The 50 mL EVA bag maintained pH for up to 30 h, and the 500 mL EVA bag beyond 76 h. DISCUSSION The CUE system presents a technically feasible method to prepare CPP. A functionally closed bag system with resuspension solution was successful and can extend the post-thaw storage time of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry J Dumont
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brian Wolfe
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Raymond Moss
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Tan Y, Lu W, Yi X, Cai H, Yuan Y, Zhang S. Improvement of platelet preservation by inhibition of TRPC6. Transfus Med 2023. [PMID: 36746770 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preservation of platelets (PLTs) by room temperature (RT) oscillation limits their shelf life to between 4 and 7 days because of the decrease in PLT function. TRPC6 is a non-selective mechanically sensitive cation channel that has been shown to mediate Ca2+ signalling, implying a role in PLT activation during preservation by RT oscillation. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate whether inhibition of TRPC6 can improve the RT preservation of PLTs and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Human PLTs from whole blood were stored at 22 ± 2°C with oscillation in plasma or M-sol (mixture of solutions). BI-749327, a specific TRPC6 inhibitor, was administered throughout the preservation period. PLT distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR) and average aggregation rate (AAR) were measured. The MTT method was used to assess the relative viability of PLTs. Flow cytometry was used to measure the changes of Ca2+ concentration in PLTs and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the PLT surface, and western blotting was used to assess the expression changes of platelet TRPC6 and CD62P proteins. RESULTS Compared with the control group, inhibition of TRPC6 with BI-749327 significantly reduced the PDW, MPV and Ca2+ concentration, the MAR and AAR were significantly increased, the expression of TRPC6 and CD62P protein was significantly down-regulated in PLTs, and the PS exposure was significantly reduced on the PLT surface. However, these effects were all reversed by activation of TRPC6. CONCLUSION Inhibition of TRPC6 improves the quality of PLT preservation by inhibiting the Ca2+ signal mediated by TRPC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Tan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Office, The Blood Bank Center of Yichang City, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaomei Yi
- Office, The Blood Bank Center of Yichang City, Yichang, China
| | - Huili Cai
- Department of Hematology, Yichang Central People' Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yurong Yuan
- Office, The Blood Bank Center of Yichang City, Yichang, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Hegde S, Zheng Y, Cancelas JA. Novel blood derived hemostatic agents for bleeding therapy and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Hematol 2022; 29:281-289. [PMID: 35942861 PMCID: PMC9547927 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable death in trauma and cancer. Trauma induced coagulopathy and cancer-associated endotheliopathy remain major therapeutic challenges. Early, aggressive administration of blood-derived products with hypothesized increased clotting potency has been proposed. A series of early- and late-phase clinical trials testing the safety and/or efficacy of lyophilized plasma and new forms of platelet products in humans have provided light on the future of alternative blood component therapies. This review intends to contextualize and provide a critical review of the information provided by these trials. RECENT FINDINGS The beneficial effect of existing freeze-dried plasma products may not be as high as initially anticipated when tested in randomized, multicenter clinical trials. A next-generation freeze dried plasma product has shown safety in an early phase clinical trial and other freeze-dried plasma and spray-dried plasma with promising preclinical profiles are embarking in first-in-human trials. New platelet additive solutions and forms of cryopreservation or lyophilization of platelets with long-term shelf-life have demonstrated feasibility and logistical advantages. SUMMARY Recent trials have confirmed logistical advantages of modified plasma and platelet products in the treatment or prophylaxis of bleeding. However, their postulated increased potency profile remains unconfirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Hegde
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
| | - Yi Zheng
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Wang S, Liu Q, Cheng L, Wang L, Xu F, Yao C. Targeting biophysical cues to address platelet storage lesions. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:118-133. [PMID: 36028196 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play vital roles in vascular repair, especially in primary hemostasis, and have been widely used in transfusion to prevent bleeding or manage active bleeding. Recently, platelets have been used in tissue repair (e.g., bone, skin, and dental alveolar tissue) and cell engineering as drug delivery carriers. However, the biomedical applications of platelets have been associated with platelet storage lesions (PSLs), resulting in poor clinical outcomes with reduced recovery, survival, and hemostatic function after transfusion. Accumulating evidence has shown that biophysical cues play important roles in platelet lesions, such as granule secretion caused by shear stress, adhesion affected by substrate stiffness, and apoptosis caused by low temperature. This review summarizes four major biophysical cues (i.e., shear stress, substrate stiffness, hydrostatic pressure, and thermal microenvironment) involved in the platelet preparation and storage processes, and discusses how they may synergistically induce PSLs such as platelet shape change, activation, apoptosis and clearance. We also review emerging methods for studying these biophysical cues in vitro and existing strategies targeting biophysical cues for mitigating PSLs. We conclude with a perspective on the future direction of biophysics-based strategies for inhibiting PSLs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Platelet storage lesions (PSLs) involve a series of structural and functional changes. It has long been accepted that PSLs are initiated by biochemical cues. Our manuscript is the first to propose four major biophysical cues (shear stress, substrate stiffness, hydrostatic pressure, and thermal microenvironment) that platelets experience in each operation step during platelet preparation and storage processes in vitro, which may synergistically contribute to PSLs. We first clarify these biophysical cues and how they induce PSLs. Strategies targeting each biophysical cue to improve PSLs are also summarized. Our review is designed to draw the attention from a broad range of audience, including clinical doctors, biologists, physical scientists, engineers and materials scientists, and immunologist, who study on platelets physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lihan Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
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Myrka A, Buck L. Cytoskeletal Arrest: An Anoxia Tolerance Mechanism. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080561. [PMID: 34436502 PMCID: PMC8401981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of actin filaments and microtubules constitutes a ubiquitous demand for cellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP). In anoxia-tolerant animals, ATP consumption is minimized during overwintering conditions, but little is known about the role of cell structure in anoxia tolerance. Studies of overwintering mammals have revealed that microtubule stability in neurites is reduced at low temperature, resulting in withdrawal of neurites and reduced abundance of excitatory synapses. Literature for turtles is consistent with a similar downregulation of peripheral cytoskeletal activity in brain and liver during anoxic overwintering. Downregulation of actin dynamics, as well as modification to microtubule organization, may play vital roles in facilitating anoxia tolerance. Mitochondrial calcium release occurs during anoxia in turtle neurons, and subsequent activation of calcium-binding proteins likely regulates cytoskeletal stability. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can lead to catastrophic cytoskeletal damage during overwintering and ROS production can be regulated by the dynamics of mitochondrial interconnectivity. Therefore, suppression of ROS formation is likely an important aspect of cytoskeletal arrest. Furthermore, gasotransmitters can regulate ROS levels, as well as cytoskeletal contractility and rearrangement. In this review we will explore the energetic costs of cytoskeletal activity, the cellular mechanisms regulating it, and the potential for cytoskeletal arrest being an important mechanism permitting long-term anoxia survival in anoxia-tolerant species, such as the western painted turtle and goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Myrka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
| | - Leslie Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-3506
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Abstract
The supply of platelets for transfusion is a logistical challenge due to the physiology of platelets and current measures of transfusion performance dictating storage at 22°C and a short product shelf-life (<7 days). Demand for platelets has increased in recent years and changes in the demographics of the population may enhance this further. Many studies have been conducted to understand what the optimal dose and trigger for transfusion should be, mainly in hematology patients who are the largest cohort that receive platelets, mostly to prevent bleeding. Emerging data suggests that for bleeding patients, where immediate hemostasis is a key consideration, the current standard product may not be optimal. Alternative platelet preparation methods/storage options that may improve the hemostatic properties of platelets are under active development. In parallel with research into alternative platelet products that might enhance hemostasis, better measures for assessing bleeding risk and platelet efficacy are needed.
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Tynngård N, Bell A, Gryfelt G, Cvetkovic S, Wikman A, Uhlin M, Sandgren P. Cryopreservation of buffy coat derived platelets: Paired in vitro characterization using uncontrolled versus controlled freezing rate protocols. Transfusion 2020; 61:546-556. [PMID: 33345368 PMCID: PMC7898315 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Cryopreserved platelets show a reduced recovery and viability after freezing and thawing including several ultrastructural and phenotypic deteriorations compared with liquid‐stored platelets. It is suggested that using Controlled‐Rate Freezing (CRF) can reduce variability and optimize the functionality profile for cells. The objective of the study is to compare cellular, metabolic, phenotypic and functional effects on platelets after cryopreservation using different freezing rate protocols. Study Design and Methods To evaluate the possible effects of different freezing rate protocols a two‐experimental study comparing diverse combinations was tested with a pool and split design. Uncontrolled freezing of platelets in materials with different thermal conductivity (metal vs cardboard) was evaluated in experiment 1. Experiment 2 evaluated uncontrolled vs a controlled‐rate freezing protocol in metal boxes. All variables were assessed pre and post cryopreservation. Results Directly after thawing, no major differences in platelet recovery, LDH, ATP, Δψ, CD62P, CD42b, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and sCD40L were seen between units frozen with different thermal conductivity for temperature. In contrast, we observed signs of increased activation after freezing using the CRF protocol, reflected by increased cell surface expression of CD62P, PAC‐1 binding and increased concentration of LDH. Agonist induced expression of a conformational epitope on the GPIIb/IIIa complex and contribution to blood coagulation in an experimental rotational thromboelastometry setup were not statistically different between the groups. Conclusion The use of a uncontrolled freezing rate protocol is feasible, creating a platelet product comparable to using a controlled rate freezing equipment during cryopreservation of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahreen Tynngård
- Research and Development Unit in Region Östergötland and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alice Bell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Gryfelt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Cvetkovic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Agneta Wikman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Per Sandgren
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (KITM), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Huddinge, Sweden
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Johnson L, Vekariya S, Tan S, Padula MP, Marks DC. Extended storage of thawed platelets: Refrigeration supports postthaw quality for 10 days. Transfusion 2020; 60:2969-2981. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.16127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
| | - Shuchna Vekariya
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shereen Tan
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- Faculty of Science School of Life Sciences and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (formerly the Australian Red Cross Blood Service) Alexandria New South Wales Australia
- Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Camperdown New South Wales Australia
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