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Chen X, Liu H, Li M, Kang J, Li Y, Luo Y, Du X, Tan D, Wang Q, Gu X, Zhao Z, Fu X, Tang J. Association between clinical symptoms during the COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID-19 convalescent whole-blood donors in China. Transfusion 2024; 64:1025-1039. [PMID: 38661221 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited studies have explored the association between clinical symptoms and titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, whole-blood donors who had experienced a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection completed questionnaires at the time of blood donation. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high-titer COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for each variable. RESULTS Among the total 386 donors, 120 (31%) donors with IgG titers ≥1:160 were classified as high-titer donors. The multivariable ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for high titers were 2.33 (1.45-3.75), 2.11 (1.29-3.43), 1.10 (1.01-1.21), 1.19 (1.00-1.43), and 1.97 (1.05-3.71) for sore throat, cough, symptom count, fever duration, and low fever (compared with non-fever), respectively. No significant association was observed between other symptoms and medical visits and the odds of high-titer CCP. The association between high-titer CCP and fever duration was restricted to confirmed COVID-19-infected donors, while associations with sore throat and cough remained significant in suspected infected donors. In addition, medical visit was positively associated with high-titer CCP in suspected donors, but not in confirmed donors. In bootstrapped logistic regression models, the associations remained significant and reproducible for medical visit in suspected donors and for sore throat and cough in both suspected donors and total donors. DISCUSSION Experiencing a sore throat and cough were associated with high-titer CCP in overall donors. We also identified sore throat, cough, and medical visits as potential predictors of high-titer CCP for suspected donors during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxun Kang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zonghan Zhao
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Machado RRG, Candido ÉD, Aguiar AS, Chalup VN, Sanches PR, Dorlass EG, Amgarten DE, Pinho JRR, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL. Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 in a Cohort of Older Adults after ChAdOx1-S Vaccination and BA.4/5 Bivalent Booster. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:144. [PMID: 38400128 PMCID: PMC10892985 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages, including the BA.2-derived XBB.1.5 (Kraken), XBB.1.16 (Arcturus), and EG.5.1 (Eris), have accumulated several spike mutations that may increase immune escape, affecting vaccine effectiveness. Older adults are an understudied group at significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19. Here we report the neutralizing activities of 177 sera samples from 59 older adults, aged 62-97 years, 1 and 4 months after vaccination with a 4th dose of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford/AstraZeneca) and 3 months after a 5th dose of Comirnaty Bivalent Original/Omicron BA.4/BA.5 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). The ChAdOx1-S vaccination-induced antibodies neutralized efficiently the ancestral D614G and BA.4/5 variants, but to a much lesser extent the XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, and EG.5.1 variants. The results showed similar neutralization titers between XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 and were lower compared to XBB.1.5. Sera from the same individuals boosted with the bivalent mRNA vaccine contained higher neutralizing antibody titers, providing a better cross-protection against Omicron XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 variants. Previous history of infection during the epidemiological waves of BA.1/BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5, poorly enhanced neutralization activity of serum samples against XBBs and EG.5.1 variants. Our data highlight the continued immune evasion of recent Omicron subvariants and support the booster administration of BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine, as a continuous strategy of updating future vaccine booster doses to match newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika Donizetti Candido
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Simoes Aguiar
- Dom Pedro II Geriatric and Convalescent Hospital, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 02265-002, SP, Brazil
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Nascimento Chalup
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Romão Sanches
- Dom Pedro II Geriatric and Convalescent Hospital, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo 02265-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick Gustavo Dorlass
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Laboratorial (LIM03), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM07), Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo 05508-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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Yu EA, Jackman RP, Glesby MJ, Narayan KV. Bidirectionality between Cardiometabolic Diseases and COVID-19: Role of Humoral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1145-1158. [PMID: 37302794 PMCID: PMC10256583 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases and abnormalities have recently emerged as independent risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, including hospitalizations, invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality. Determining whether and how this observation translates to more effective long-term pandemic mitigation strategies remains a challenge due to key research gaps. Specific pathways by which cardiometabolic pathophysiology affects humoral immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and vice versa, remain unclear. This review summarizes current evidence of the bidirectional influences between cardiometabolic diseases (diabetes, adiposity, hypertension, CVDs) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced from infection and vaccination based on human studies. Ninety-two studies among >408,000 participants in 37 countries on 5 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America) were included in this review. Obesity was associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most studies conducted prior to vaccinations found positive or null associations between binding antibodies (levels, seropositivity) and diabetes; after vaccinations, antibody responses did not differ by diabetes. Hypertension and CVDs were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings underscore the importance of elucidating the extent that tailored recommendations for COVID-19 prevention, vaccination effectiveness, screening, and diagnoses among people with obesity could reduce disease burden caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Rachael P Jackman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marshall J Glesby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Km Venkat Narayan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Emory Global Diabetes Research Center of Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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4
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Tang J, Liu H, Wang Q, Gu X, Wang J, Li W, Luo Y, Li Y, Deng L, Luo Y, Du X, Tan D, Fu X, Chen X. Predictors of high SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers in COVID-19 convalescent whole-blood donors: a cross-sectional study in China. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191479. [PMID: 37388736 PMCID: PMC10303911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Demographic information has been shown to help predict high antibody titers of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in CCP donors. However, there is no research on the Chinese population and little evidence on whole-blood donors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these associations among Chinese blood donors after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 5,064 qualified blood donors with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection completed a self-reported questionnaire and underwent tests of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and ABO blood type. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers according to each factor. Results Totally, 1,799 participants (with SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers≥1:160) had high-titer CCPs. Multivariable analysis showed that a 10-year increment in age and earlier donation were associated with higher odds of high-titer CCP, while medical personnel was associated with lower odds. The ORs (95% CIs) of high-titer CCP were 1.17 (1.10-1.23, p< 0.001) and 1.41 (1.25-1.58, p< 0.001) for each 10-year increment in age and earlier donation, respectively. The OR of high-titer CCP was 0.75 (0.60-0.95, p = 0.02) for medical personnel. Female early donors were associated with increased odds of high-titer CCP, but this association was insignificant for later donors. Donating after 8 weeks from the onset was associated with decreased odds of having high-titer CCP compared to donating within 8 weeks from the onset, and the HR was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22-0.64, p <0.001). There was no significant association between ABO blood type or race and the odds of high-titer CCP. Discussion Older age, earlier donation, female early donors, and non-medical-related occupations are promising predictors of high-titer CCP in Chinese blood donors. Our findings highlight the importance of CCP screening at the early stage of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Humin Liu
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinglan Luo
- Department of Blood Testing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Blood Collection, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinman Du
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Donglin Tan
- Department of Blood Processing, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Fu
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Blood Research Laboratory, Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lack of Evidence on Association between Iron Deficiency and COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Humoral Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020327. [PMID: 36851205 PMCID: PMC9965425 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a crucial micronutrient for immunity induction in response to infections and vaccinations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron deficiency on COVID-19-vaccine-induced humoral immunity. We investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx nCov-2019) in iron-deficient individuals (n = 63) and provide a side-by-side comparison to healthy controls (n = 67). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (NP) IgG were assessed using in-house S- and NP-based ELISA followed by serum neutralization test (SNT). High concordance between S-based ELISA and SNT results was observed. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies was 95.24% (60/63) in the study group and 95.52% (64/67) in the controls with no significant difference. The presence/absence of past infection, period since vaccination, vaccine type, and being iron-deficient or having iron-deficiency anemia did not exert any significant effect on the prevalence or titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. NP-based ELISA identified individuals unaware of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, absence of anti-NP IgG was noted in participants who were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 suggesting the unpredictability of after-infection immunity. To sum up, this study demonstrated an initial lack of evidence on the association between iron deficiency and the effectiveness of COVID-19-vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity. Similar studies with larger sample size remain necessary to obtain comprehensive conclusions about the effect or lack of effect of iron on COVID-19-vaccine effectiveness.
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Holtkamp C, Schöler L, Anastasiou OE, Brune B, Fessmann K, Elsner C, Möhlendick B, Čiučiulkaitė I, Dudda M, Trilling M, Dittmer U, Spors J, Le-Trilling VTK. Antibody responses elicited by mRNA vaccination in firefighters persist six months and correlate inversely with age and directly with BMI. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12746. [PMID: 36597483 PMCID: PMC9801692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the sustainability of immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination is important, e.g., to decide whom and when to booster. Thus, we analyzed antibody titers in firefighters six months after vaccination with the mRNA-based vaccine Comirnaty. SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding antibodies (bAb) were quantified and compared to peak responses determined in healthcare workers (HCW). For the firefighters, neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were also analyzed. Six months after the second vaccine dose, all analyzed firefighters had detectable bAb, and 91% exhibited nAb titers above 1:16. However, actual titers six months after vaccination were over 12-fold lower than in the HCW control group four weeks after vaccination. bAb and nAb responses showed a significant correlation, and age correlated inversely with antibody responses. Unexpectedly, participants with a body mass index over 25 had higher neutralization titers after six months. All participants with very low neutralization titers were offered booster vaccination. The booster vaccination improved the extent and sustainability of antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Holtkamp
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lara Schöler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia E. Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian Brune
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, Essen, Germany,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kai Fessmann
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, Essen, Germany,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Birte Möhlendick
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ieva Čiučiulkaitė
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Dudda
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, Essen, Germany,Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Spors
- Emergency Medical Services, Fire Brigade Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,Corresponding author. University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
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7
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Matzhold EM, Körmöczi GF, Banfi C, Schönbacher M, Drexler-Helmberg C, Steinmetz I, Berghold A, Schlenke P, Wagner GE, Stoisser A, Kleinhappl B, Mayr WR, Wagner T. Lower Levels of ABO Anti-A and Anti-B of IgM, IgG and IgA Isotypes in the Serum but Not the Saliva of COVID-19 Convalescents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154513. [PMID: 35956128 PMCID: PMC9369710 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ABO type O, naturally possessing anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their serum, are underrepresented among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared with healthy controls. The ABO antibodies might play a role in the viral transmission. Therefore, we aimed to quantify anti-A/anti-B, including their subclasses IgM, IgG and IgA, in the serum and saliva of Caucasians (n = 187) after mild COVID-19 to compare them with individuals who had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Two samples were collected within two months after the diagnosis (median days: 44) and two months later. ABO antibodies were determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, total IgA in saliva and antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 were tested by ELISA. COVID-19 convalescents had significantly lower levels of anti-A/anti-B IgM, IgG and IgA in their serum than control subjects (p < 0.001). Interestingly, no significant differences were observed in saliva. ABO antibody levels remained stable over the period considered. No relation of ABO to the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was observed. Total IgA was lower in convalescents than in controls (p = 0.038). Whereas ABO antibodies in the saliva may not contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19, individual pre-existing high serum concentrations of anti-A/anti-B may have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Matzhold
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-81438
| | - Günther F. Körmöczi
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Marlies Schönbacher
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Camilla Drexler-Helmberg
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Gabriel E. Wagner
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Anja Stoisser
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
| | - Barbara Kleinhappl
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (I.S.); (G.E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Wolfgang R. Mayr
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.F.K.); (M.S.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (C.D.-H.); (P.S.); (A.S.); (T.W.)
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8
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Osmanodja B, Ronicke S, Budde K, Jens A, Hammett C, Koch N, Seelow E, Waiser J, Zukunft B, Bachmann F, Choi M, Weber U, Eberspächer B, Hofmann J, Grunow F, Mikhailov M, Liefeldt L, Eckardt KU, Halleck F, Schrezenmeier E. Serological Response to Three, Four and Five Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092565. [PMID: 35566691 PMCID: PMC9105533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from COVID-19 among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is high, and their response to three vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 is strongly impaired. We retrospectively analyzed the serological response of up to five doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in KTR from 27 December 2020 until 31 December 2021. Particularly, the influence of the different dose adjustment regimens for mycophenolic acid (MPA) on serological response to fourth vaccination was analyzed. In total, 4277 vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 in 1478 patients were analyzed. Serological response was 19.5% after 1203 basic immunizations, and increased to 29.4%, 55.6%, and 57.5% in response to 603 third, 250 fourth, and 40 fifth vaccinations, resulting in a cumulative response rate of 88.7%. In patients with calcineurin inhibitor and MPA maintenance immunosuppression, pausing MPA and adding 5 mg prednisolone equivalent before the fourth vaccination increased the serological response rate to 75% in comparison to the no dose adjustment (52%) or dose reduction (46%). Belatacept-treated patients had a response rate of 8.7% (4/46) after three vaccinations and 12.5% (3/25) after four vaccinations. Except for belatacept-treated patients, repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of up to five times effectively induces serological response in kidney transplant recipients. It can be enhanced by pausing MPA at the time of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgin Osmanodja
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-614-368
| | - Simon Ronicke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Annika Jens
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Charlotte Hammett
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Nadine Koch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Evelyn Seelow
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Johannes Waiser
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Bianca Zukunft
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Friederike Bachmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Mira Choi
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Ulrike Weber
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Jörg Hofmann
- Labor Berlin—Charité Vivantes GmbH, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (B.E.); (J.H.)
| | - Fritz Grunow
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Michael Mikhailov
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Lutz Liefeldt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (A.J.); (C.H.); (N.K.); (E.S.); (J.W.); (B.Z.); (F.B.); (M.C.); (U.W.); (F.G.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (K.-U.E.); (F.H.); (E.S.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Serological Response to Three, Four and Five Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Clin Med 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092565
expr 939359460 + 834636087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from COVID-19 among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is high, and their response to three vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 is strongly impaired. We retrospectively analyzed the serological response of up to five doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in KTR from 27 December 2020 until 31 December 2021. Particularly, the influence of the different dose adjustment regimens for mycophenolic acid (MPA) on serological response to fourth vaccination was analyzed. In total, 4277 vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 in 1478 patients were analyzed. Serological response was 19.5% after 1203 basic immunizations, and increased to 29.4%, 55.6%, and 57.5% in response to 603 third, 250 fourth, and 40 fifth vaccinations, resulting in a cumulative response rate of 88.7%. In patients with calcineurin inhibitor and MPA maintenance immunosuppression, pausing MPA and adding 5 mg prednisolone equivalent before the fourth vaccination increased the serological response rate to 75% in comparison to the no dose adjustment (52%) or dose reduction (46%). Belatacept-treated patients had a response rate of 8.7% (4/46) after three vaccinations and 12.5% (3/25) after four vaccinations. Except for belatacept-treated patients, repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of up to five times effectively induces serological response in kidney transplant recipients. It can be enhanced by pausing MPA at the time of vaccination.
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10
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Žiberna K, Jež M, Jazbec K, Mali P, Rahne Potokar U, Rožman P. ABO blood group does not influence the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescent plasma donors. Transfusion 2022; 62:556-562. [PMID: 35041206 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of the ABO blood group with COVID-19 disease has been confirmed by several studies, with the blood group A patients being more susceptible and prone to a more severe clinical course of the disease. Additionally, several authors also addressed the association of ABO-types and the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in convalescents, mostly supporting a theory that the non-O blood group convalescents present with higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Since previous findings were based on small convalescent cohorts, we quantified the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in total 3187 convalescent plasma donors with three commercial serological and one standard neutralizing antibody test. The majority of donors had undergone a mild form of the disease and the median time of sampling was 66 days after diagnosis. RESULTS None of the antibody quantitation results showed any significant association with the ABO blood group types. The same result was evident in the subgroup of vaccinated individuals (n=370) and the subgroups when stratified according to post-COVID-19 periods (0-60, 60-120, and 120-180 days). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found no evidence to confirm that the ABO blood group types influence the level of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Žiberna
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jež
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katerina Jazbec
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Mali
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Rahne Potokar
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Rožman
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Karaca A, Guncikan MN, Sozmen NN, Karadag GG, Yilmaz M, Kinik K, Yilmaz FM. Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion Course and Antibody Levels by Blood Groups in Convalescent Plasma Donors in Turkey. Medeni Med J 2021; 36:185-192. [PMID: 34915675 PMCID: PMC8565586 DOI: 10.5222/mmj.2021.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study investigates the seroconversion time course of the IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 and ascertains whether its levels change according to the patient’s ABO blood group. Method A total of 36,003-convalescent plasma (CP) donations of 12,315 Turkish Red Crescent CP donors were analyzed. The ABO blood group of the CP donors was determined by Gel Centrifugation; and IgG was measured using the Euroimmun anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. The differences in the distributions of mean IgG ratios among the different ABO blood groups were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent Samples T-test. Results Among the CP donors, 98.4% were male. An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted-although in a few CP donors- on the 244th day, and a significant association between the ABO blood groups and the mean IgG ratios was noted (p: 0.001). The highest (mean±SD) antibody level was observed in the AB blood group (39.5±15.7), followed by the B (37.9±11.5) and the A blood groups (36.6±10.7), while the lowest value was recorded in the O blood group (34.4±11.5). Significant differences between all paired groups were noted in pairwise comparisons. The Rh (-) blood group (37.4±13.6) had a significantly higher antibody level than the Rh (+) blood group (36.3±11.2) (p: 0.005). Conclusion An antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 was noted in a CP donor on the 244th day. The average IgG ratios were higher in the CP donors with the AB blood group, but lower in the O blood group. These results may be considered a valuable indication of the effectiveness of CP therapy used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with clinically relevant blood types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Karaca
- Turkish Red Crescent, General Directorate of Blood Services, Directorate of Medical Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nuri Guncikan
- Turkish Red Crescent, General Directorate of Blood Services, Directorate of Medical Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Nadire Sozmen
- Turkish Red Crescent, General Directorate of Blood Services, Directorate of Medical Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gokce Karadag
- Turkish Red Crescent, General Directorate of Blood Services, Directorate of Medical Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Turkish Red Crescent, General Directorate of Blood Services, Directorate of Medical Management, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Kinik
- Turkish Red Crescent, Managing Board, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Wendel S, Fachini R, Fontão-Wendel RCL, Mello R, Velasquez CV, Machado RRG, Brito MA, Amaral M, Soares CP, Achkar R, Scuracchio P, Miyaji SC, Erdens MS, Durigon EL. Surrogate test performance for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) for convalescent plasma (CCP): How useful could they be? Transfusion 2021; 61:3455-3467. [PMID: 34674284 PMCID: PMC8661940 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 high‐titer CCP selection is a concern, because neutralizing antibody (nAb) testing requires sophisticated labs and methods. Surrogate tests are an alternative for measuring nAb levels in plasma bags, including those that are pathogen‐reduced. Study design/methods We studied a panel consisting of 191 samples from convalescent donors tested by nAb (CPE‐VNT), obtained from 180 CCP donations (collection: March 20–January 21) and 11 negative controls, with a total of 80 and 111 serum and plasma samples (71 amotosalen/UV treated), with nAb titers ranging from negative to 10,240. Samples were blindly tested for several surrogates: one anti‐RBD, two anti‐spike, and four anti‐nucleocapsid tests, either isolated or combined to improve their positive predictive values as predictors of the presence of high‐titer nAbs, defined as those with titers ≥160. Results Except for combined and anti‐IgA/M tests, all isolated surrogate tests showed excellent performance for nAb detection: sensitivity (98.3%–100%), specificity (85.7%–100%), PPV (98.9%–100%), NPV (81.3%–100%), and AUC (0.93–0.96), with a variable decrease in sensitivity and considerably lower specificity when using FDA authorization and concomitant nAb titers ≥160. All surrogates had AUCs that were statistically different from CPE‐VNT if nAb≥160, including when using combined, orthogonal approaches. Conclusions Surrogate tests (isolated or in combination) have an indirect good performance in detecting the presence of nAb, with lower sensitivity and specificity when high nAb titer samples are used, possibly accepting a considerable number of donors whose nAb titers are actually low, which should be evaluated by each laboratory responsible for CCP collection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ralyria Mello
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Camila Pereira Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruth Achkar
- Blood Bank, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Focosi D, Franchini M. Clinical predictors of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 convalescents: Implications for convalescent plasma donor recruitment. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:24-28. [PMID: 33780551 PMCID: PMC8250676 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) efficacy is still under investigation in randomized controlled trials (RCT), CCP collections continue worldwide with largely variable criteria. Since it is well known that only a minority of patients develop high-titer neutralizing antibodies (nAb), as assessed by the viral neutralization tests (VNT), strategies to maximize cost-effectiveness of CCP collection are urgently needed. A growing amount of the population is having exposure to the virus and is hence becoming a candidate CCP donor. Laboratory screening with high-throughput serology has good correlations with the VNT titer, but upstream screening using clinical surrogates would be advisable. We review here the existing literature on clinical predictors of high-titer nAb. Older age, male sex, and hospitalization are the main proxies of high VNT and should drive CCP donor recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North‐Western Tuscany Blood BankPisa University HospitalPisaItaly
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion MedicineCarlo Poma HospitalMantuaItaly
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14
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Hayes C, Rubenstein W, Gibb D, Klapper E, Tanaka J, Pepkowitz S. Blood group O convalescent plasma donations have significantly lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies compared to blood group A donations. Transfusion 2021; 61:2245-2249. [PMID: 34036595 PMCID: PMC8242504 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is plasma collected from individuals who have recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The FDA Emergency Use Authorization restricts use of CCP to high‐titer units only. The purpose of this study was to determine if donor ABO blood group was associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response, and subsequent qualification as high‐titer CCP. Methods All CCP donations collected from April 21, 2020 to September 1, 2020 were included. The Abbott ARCHITECT semi‐quantitative chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay was used to assess IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS‐CoV‐2. Units with a S/C value ≥4.5 were considered high titer. Results A total of 232 CCP donations were evaluated. There were no significant differences in the distribution of sex, age, and interval from symptom resolution to donation by ABO blood group. The mean SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody S/C value was significantly lower in blood group O donations (3.6), compared to blood group A (5.0) donations (p < .001). There was no difference in antibody response between the other blood group pairings. Blood group O donations resulted in a lower percentage of high‐titer units (35%), compared to blood group A (60%), B (58%), and AB (65%) donations. Conclusion Blood group O donations were found to have significantly lower levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG nucleocapsid antibodies compared to blood group A donations and were less likely to produce CCP units that qualified as high titer. These findings may aid donor recruitment to promote availability of high‐titer CCP to meet patient needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hayes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wesley Rubenstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Gibb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ellen Klapper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julie Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samuel Pepkowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Al-Riyami AZ, Burnouf T, Yazer M, Triulzi D, Kumaş LT, Sağdur L, Pelit NB, Bazin R, Hindawi SI, Badawi MA, Patidar GK, Pandey HC, Chaurasia R, Fachini RM, Scuracchio P, Wendel S, Ang AL, Ong KH, Young P, Ihalainen J, Vierikko A, Qiu Y, Yang R, Xu H, Rahimi-Levene N, Shinar E, Izak M, Gonzalez CA, Ferrari DM, Cini PV, Aditya RN, Sharma RR, Sachdev S, Hans R, Lamba DS, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Devine DV, Lee CK, Leung JNS, Hung IFN, Tiberghien P, Gallian P, Morel P, Al Maamari K, Al-Hinai Z, Vrielink H, So-Osman C, De Angelis V, Berti P, Ostuni A, Marano G, Nevessignsky MT, El Ekiaby M, Daly J, Hoad V, Kim S, van den Berg K, Vermeulen M, Glatt TN, Schäfer R, Reik R, Gammon R, Lopez M, Estcourt L, MacLennan S, Roberts D, Louw V, Dunbar N. International Forum on the Collection and Use of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Responses. Vox Sang 2021; 116:e71-e120. [PMID: 34013981 PMCID: PMC8242651 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salwa I Hindawi
- King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Badawi
- King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ai Leen Ang
- Health Sciences Authority, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hoe Ong
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yan Qiu
- Beijing Red Cross Blood Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Wuhan Blood Centre, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Shaanxi Blood Center, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Izak
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Robby Nur Aditya
- Central Blood Transfusion Service Indonesia Red Cross (PMI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ratti Ram Sharma
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suchet Sachdev
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rekha Hans
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Divjot Singh Lamba
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Cheuk Kwong Lee
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St Denis, France
| | - Pascal Morel
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St Denis, France
| | | | - Zaid Al-Hinai
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Seeb, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Berti
- Italian Society for Hemapheresis cell Manipulation (SIdEM), Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Ostuni
- Italian Society for Hemapheresis cell Manipulation (SIdEM), Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - James Daly
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Veronica Hoad
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sinyoung Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Karin van den Berg
- South African National Blood Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marion Vermeulen
- South African National Blood Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanya Nadia Glatt
- South African National Blood Service, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Schäfer
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vernon Louw
- Western Cape Blood Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
The landscape of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic testing is rapidly evolving. While serology testing has limited diagnostic capacity for acute infection, its role in providing population-based information on positivity rates and informing evidence-based decision making for public health recommendations is increasing. With the global availability of vaccines, there is increasing pressure on clinical laboratories to provide antibody screening and result interpretation for vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. Here we present the most up-to-date data on SARS-CoV-2 antibody timelines, including the longevity of antibodies, and the production and detection of neutralizing antibodies. Additionally, we provide practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories to both verify commercial serology assays and choose appropriate testing algorithms for their local populations.
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Wendel S, Land K, Devine DV, Daly J, Bazin R, Tiberghien P, Lee CK, Arora S, Patidar GK, Khillan K, Smid WM, Vrielink H, Oreh A, Al-Riyami AZ, Hindawi S, Vermeulen M, Louw V, Burnouf T, Bloch EM, Goel R, Townsend M, So-Osman C. Lessons learned in the collection of convalescent plasma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vox Sang 2021; 116:872-879. [PMID: 33772791 PMCID: PMC8250874 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The lack of definitive treatment or preventative options for COVID‐19 led many clinicians early on to consider convalescent plasma (CCP) as potentially therapeutic. Regulators, blood centres and hospitals worldwide worked quickly to get CCP to the bedside. Although response was admirable, several areas have been identified to help improve future pandemic management. Materials and methods A multidisciplinary, multinational subgroup from the ISBT Working Group on COVID‐19 was tasked with drafting a manuscript that describes the lessons learned pertaining to procurement and administration of CCP, derived from a comprehensive questionnaire within the subgroup. Results While each country’s responses and preparedness for the pandemic varied, there were shared challenges, spanning supply chain disruptions, staffing, impact of social distancing on the collection of regular blood and CCP products, and the availability of screening and confirmatory SARS‐CoV‐2 testing for donors and patients. The lack of a general framework to organize data gathering across clinical trials and the desire to provide a potentially life‐saving therapeutic through compassionate use hampered the collection of much‐needed safety and outcome data worldwide. Communication across all stakeholders was identified as being central to reducing confusion. Conclusion The need for flexibility and adaptability remains paramount when dealing with a pandemic. As the world approaches the first anniversary of the COVID‐19 pandemic with rising rates worldwide and over 115 million cases and 2·55 million deaths, respectively, it is important to reflect on how to better prepare for future pandemics as we continue to combat the current one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Land
- Corporate Medical Affairs, Vitalant, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dana V Devine
- UBC Centre for Blood Research, Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Daly
- Transfusion Medicine, Australian Red Cross, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Renée Bazin
- Research and Development, Héma-Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Cheuk-Kwong Lee
- Blood Collection and Donor Recruitment Department, Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Satyam Arora
- Transfusion Medicine, Super Speciality Paediatric Hospital and Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, India
| | - Gopal K Patidar
- Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamini Khillan
- Transfusion Medicine, Sir GangaRam Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Willem Martin Smid
- Consulting Services, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Academic Institute IDTM, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hans Vrielink
- Clinical Service, Sanquin Blood Bank Northwest Region, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adaeze Oreh
- Federal Ministry of Health, National Blood Transfusion Service, Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Salwa Hindawi
- Transfusion Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Vernon Louw
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Hematology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchika Goel
- Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Cynthia So-Osman
- Unit Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Haematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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