1
|
Copeland H, Baran DA, Morton J, Rodriguez V, Fernandes E, Mohammed A. Veno-venous ECLS rescue for a heart transplant recipient with COVID-19, a case report. Perfusion 2024; 39:631-634. [PMID: 36715461 PMCID: PMC9892811 DOI: 10.1177/02676591231154120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential for increased rates of morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 within immunocompromised populations has been of concern since the pandemic's onset. Transplant providers and patients can face particularly challenging situations, in the current settings as data continues to emerge for the prevention and treatment of the immunocompromised subpopulation. This case report details a patient 9-months post orthotopic heart transplant that developed SARS-CoV-2 infection despite two prior doses of the Pfizer-BioNtech COVID-19 vaccine, and had successful rescue from refractory hypoxemia with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECLS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Copeland
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Surgical Director Heart Transplant, Mechanical Circulatory Support and ECMO, Lutheran Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine - Fort Wayne (IUSM-FW), Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - David A Baran
- Advanced Heart Failure, Transplant and MCS, Cleveland Clinic Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Weston, FL, USA
| | - John Morton
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Vicente Rodriguez
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Eustace Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Asim Mohammed
- Division of Cardiology, Advanced Heart Failure, Medical Director of Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Lutheran Hospital, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
García JCLA, Marco I, Martín JG, López-Medrano F, Eixerés-Esteve A, Pérez PC, Bagudá JDJ, López-Jiménez EA, Arribas F, Delgado-Jiménez JF, Carmena MDGC. Evolution of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on heart transplant recipients: Decreasing risk, improving perspective. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14250. [PMID: 38375958 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Heart transplant recipients (HTr) have a higher probability of suffer from severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in comparison to general population, but their risk has changed over the course of the pandemic in relation to various factors. We conducted a prospective study including all HTr at risk of COVID-19 in a tertiary center between February 2020 and October 2022. The aim was to analyze how the prognosis (incidence of pneumonia and mortality) of COVID-19 in HTr has evolved over time, contextualizing variants, vaccination, and other treatments. RESULTS Of 308 HTr included, 124 got the infection (39.2%). COVID and non-COVID HTr had similar baseline characteristics. COVID-19 patients with pneumonia had a poorer prognosis than those with less severe presentations, with a higher rate of hospitalization (93.3 vs. 14.1%, p < .001) and death (41.0 vs. 1.2%, p < .001). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥60 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-11.49, p = .027), and chronic kidney disease ≥3a (OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.39-17.54, p = .014) as predictors of pneumonia. Two-dose vaccination (OR 0.20, CI 95% 0.05-0.72, p = .02) and early remdesivir administration (OR 0.17, CI 0.03-0.90, p = .037) were protective factors. Over the course of the pandemic considering three periods in the follow-up (prevaccination February-December 2020, postvaccination January-December 2021, and post early remdesivir indication January-October 2022), we observed a reduction in pneumonia incidence from 62% to 19% (p < .001); and mortality (from 23% to 4%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of COVID-19 in HTr has improved over time, likely due to vaccination and early administration of remdesivir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos López-Azor García
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Marco
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González Martín
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Medrano
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC; CB21/13/00009), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Caravaca Pérez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier de Juan Bagudá
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ana López-Jiménez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Arribas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Delgado-Jiménez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores García-Cosío Carmena
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gelzinis TA, Ungerman E, Jayaraman AL, Bartels S, Bond JA, Hayanga HK, Patel B, Khoche S, Subramanian H, Ball R, Knight J, Choi C, Ellis S. The Year in Cardiothoracic Transplant Anesthesia: Selected Highlights From 2021 Part II: Cardiac Transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00339-7. [PMID: 37353423 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
This article spotlights the research highlights of this year that specifically pertain to the specialty of anesthesia for heart transplantation. This includes the research on recent developments in the selection and optimization of donors and recipients, including the use of donation after cardiorespiratory death and extended criteria donors, the use of mechanical circulatory support and nonmechanical circulatory support as bridges to transplantation, the effect of COVID-19 on heart transplantation candidates and recipients, and new advances in the perioperative management of these patients, including the use of echocardiography and postoperative outcomes, focusing on renal and cerebral outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Ungerman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Arun L Jayaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Pheonix, AZ
| | - Steven Bartels
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL
| | - Jonathan A Bond
- Division of Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Heather K Hayanga
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, West Virginia University, WV
| | - Bhoumesh Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Swapnil Khoche
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Harikesh Subramanian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ryan Ball
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua Knight
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christine Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Greenberg D, Li B, Okumura K, Nabors C, Dhand A. Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Heart Transplantation: Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature. Cardiol Rev 2023; 31:168-172. [PMID: 35679025 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, and since then it has had a significant impact on healthcare including on solid organ transplantation. Based on age, immunosuppression, and prevalence of chronic comorbidities, heart transplant recipients are at high risk of adverse outcomes associated with COVID-19. In our center, 31 heart transplant recipients were diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021. They required: hospitalization (39%), intensive care (10%), and mechanical ventilation (6%) with overall short-term mortality of 3%. Early outpatient use of anti-SARS CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies in our heart transplant recipients was associated with a reduction in the risk of hospitalization, need for intensive care, and death related to COVID-19. In prior multicenter studies, completed in different geographic areas and pandemic timeframes, diverse rates of hospitalization (38-91%), mechanical ventilation (4-38%), and death (16-33%) have been reported. Progression of disease and adverse outcomes were most significantly associated with severity of lymphopenia, chronic comorbid conditions like older age, chronic allograft vasculopathy, increased body mass index, as well as intensity of baseline immune suppression. In this article, we also review the current roles and limitations of vaccination, anti-viral agents, and anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibodies in the management of heart transplant recipients. Our single-center experience, considered together with other studies indicates a trend toward improved outcomes among heart transplant patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Greenberg
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Bo Li
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Christopher Nabors
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Abhay Dhand
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
- Department of Surgery, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
- Transplant Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanaan CN, Iskandar JP, Gad MM, Kondoleon NP, Mirzai S, Hsich EM, Estep JD, Fares MA. Outcomes Associated With COVID-19 Hospitalization in Heart Transplantation Patients. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:2688-2691. [PMID: 35999107 PMCID: PMC9212532 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation (HT) recipients infected with COVID-19 may be at an increased risk of severe illness due to chronic immunosuppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult HT patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at the Cleveland Clinic between March 2020 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. Twenty-four HT cases were matched to 96 non-HT controls, similarly hospitalized with COVID-19, out of 11,481 patients based on different baseline characteristics. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, vasopressor need, dialysis, pneumonia, and 90-day readmission. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the time from transplantation (within 1 year of transplantation and greater than 1 year since transplantation). RESULTS Both primary and secondary outcomes were not significant. Subgroup analysis did not show a significant difference in mortality (P = .355) or 30-day readmission (P = .841) between patients who were within 1 year of transplantation and remote transplantation beyond 1 year. Univariable analysis of immunosuppressant continuation, dose-reduction, or discontinuation did not significantly affect HT mortality. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited sample size, our results suggest that HT patients do not show worse outcomes after acquiring COVID-19, whether in the first year of transplantation or after a remote transplantation procedure. Future studies with multicenter data that incorporate the subsequent COVID-19 variants (eg, Delta and Omicron), the impact of long COVID-19, and assessing full vs reduced immunosuppression regimens would add insights to this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed M. Gad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Saeid Mirzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eileen M. Hsich
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jerry D. Estep
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Maan A. Fares
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio,Address correspondence to Maan A. Fares, MD, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, J2-4, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195. Tel: (216) 308-6880
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ilonze OJ, Ballut K, Rao RS, Jones MA, Guglin M. SARS-CoV-2 infection in heart transplant recipients: a systematic literature review of clinical outcomes and immunosuppression strategies. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:1653-1663. [PMID: 34671872 PMCID: PMC8528562 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on heart transplant recipients is unknown. Literature is limited to case reports and series. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical features, outcomes, and immunosuppression strategies of heart transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. A systematic review was conducted using the search term "Coronavirus" or COVID," "SARS-CoV-2," "cardiac transplantation," and "heart transplant." Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Thirty-three articles were selected for review. We identified 74 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in heart transplant and heart-kidney transplant recipients. The mean age was 60.5 ± 15.8 years, and 82.4% were males with median time from transplant of 6.5 years. Commonest symptoms were fever, cough, and dyspnea, but new left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was rare. Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, and bilateral ground-glass opacities were common. Mortality was high, with particularly poor survival in patients who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and older patients. Immunosuppression involved discontinuation of antimetabolites and steroids. COVID-19 infection in heart transplant (HT) recipients presents similarly to the general population, but new onset of LV dysfunction is uncommon. Immunosuppression strategies include increase in corticosteroids and discontinuation of antimetabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onyedika J. Ilonze
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Indianapolis, USA
| | - Kareem Ballut
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Roopa S. Rao
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Mark A. Jones
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Maya Guglin
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Napuri NI, Curcio D, Swerdlow DL, Srivastava A. Immune Response to COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Individuals: A Narrative Review. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1391-1414. [PMID: 35614299 PMCID: PMC9132351 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and demonstrate a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, including to the novel mRNA vaccines that have been shown to elicit high neutralizing antibody levels. This review synthesized available data on the immune response to COVID-19 and critically assessed mRNA COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in this vulnerable subpopulation. Patients with various immunocompromising conditions exhibit diverse responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 severity and mortality, and available vaccines elicit lower immune responses, particularly in solid organ transplant recipients. Strategies to improve vaccine responses in immunocompromised individuals are being implemented in vaccine recommendations, including the use of a third and fourth vaccine dose beyond the two-dose series. Additional doses may enhance vaccine effectiveness and help provide broad coverage against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Continued investigation of vaccines and dosing regimens will help refine approaches to help protect this vulnerable subpopulation from COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amit Srivastava
- Vaccines, Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Inc, 300 Technology Square, 3rd Floor, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gilliland S, Alber S, Tregear H, Hennigan A, Weitzel N. Year in Review 2021: Noteworthy Literature in Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 26:120-128. [PMID: 35533191 DOI: 10.1177/10892532221100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This year marked a number of milestones in critical care. As vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus became widely available and were confirmed to be exceptionally effective against severe illness and hospitalization, we were then faced with new variants and the resource-intense responses necessary to combat them. Despite challenges new and old, we have persevered and continued to provide excellent care to our patients while pushing the boundaries of clinical research. This article is a collection of studies published in 2021 relevant to critical care, with a specific focus on cardiothoracic critical care. To ignore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic would do a disservice to our colleagues, many of whom have made incredible breakthroughs in novel therapies to the coronavirus, and yet we present additional themes of delirium, acute kidney injury, lung transplant, advances in ECMO as well as biomarkers of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gilliland
- Department of Anesthesiology, 129263University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Alber
- Department of Anesthesiology, 129263University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hans Tregear
- Department of Anesthesiology, 129263University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Hennigan
- Department of Anesthesiology, 129263University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nathaen Weitzel
- Department of Anesthesiology, 129263University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jone PN, John A, Oster ME, Allen K, Tremoulet AH, Saarel EV, Lambert LM, Miyamoto SD, de Ferranti SD. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Associated Cardiovascular Manifestations and Complications in Children and Young Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 145:e1037-e1052. [PMID: 35400169 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic and has overwhelmed health care systems worldwide. In this scientific statement, we describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, treatment, and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and young adults with a focus on cardiovascular manifestations and complications. We review current knowledge about the health consequences of this illness in children and young adults with congenital and acquired heart disease, the public health burden and health disparities of this infection in these populations, and vaccine-associated myocarditis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hallett AM, Greenberg RS, Boyarsky BJ, Shah PD, Ou MT, Teles AT, Krach MR, López JI, Werbel WA, Avery RK, Bae S, Tobian AA, Massie AB, Higgins RSD, Garonzik-Wang JM, Segev DL, Bush EL. SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine antibody response and reactogenicity in heart and lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:1579-1588. [PMID: 34456108 PMCID: PMC8349311 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While several studies have observed that solid organ transplant recipients experience diminished antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, data specific to heart and lung transplant (HT/LT) recipients remains sparse. Methods US adult HT and LT recipients completed their vaccine series between January 7 and April 10, 2021. Reactogencity and SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody were assessed after a priming dose (D1) and booster dose (D2). Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and antibody development. Results Of 134 heart recipients, there were 38% non-responders (D1-/D2-), 48% booster responders (D1-/D2+), and 14% priming dose responders (D1+/D2+). Of 103 lung recipients, 64% were non-responders, 27% were booster responders, and 9% were priming dose responders. Lung recipients were less likely to develop antibodies (p < .001). Priming dose antibody response was associated with younger recipient age (p = .04), transplant-to-vaccination time ≥6 years (p < .01), and lack of anti-metabolite maintenance immunosuppression (p < .001). Pain at injection site was the most commonly reported reaction (85% after D1, 76% after D2). Serious reactions were rare, the most common being fatigue (2% after D1 and 3% after D2). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions HT and LT recipients experienced diminished antibody response following vaccination; reactogenicity was comparable to that of the general population. LT recipients may exhibit a more impaired antibody response than HT recipients. While current recommendations are to vaccinate eligible candidates and recipients, further studies characterizing the cell-mediated immune response and clinical efficacy of these vaccines in this population are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hallett
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ross S Greenberg
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Boyarsky
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pali D Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael T Ou
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aura T Teles
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle R Krach
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia I López
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William A Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin K Avery
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sunjae Bae
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron A Tobian
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allan B Massie
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert S D Higgins
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Errol L Bush
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|