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Fell JD, Medina-Aguiñaga D, Burke DA, Hubscher CH. Impact of Activity-Based Training on Bowel Function in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:1181-1195. [PMID: 38117145 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant bowel-related issues after spinal cord injury (SCI) that affect morbidity and quality of life (QOL) include diminished bowel motility, loss of sphincter control, gastric ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, pain, diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Clinical diagnoses and research in humans have largely relied on anorectal manometry (ARM) procedures to increase understanding of the functional effects of SCI on colorectal motility and defecation physiology. Recent pre-clinical rodent studies have also used ARM to further our understanding of bowel-related dysfunctions post-SCI. In the present study, the benefits of different activity-based training (ABT) durations on bowel function were examined. Six groups of male rats including two non-training (NT; uninjured and SCI) and four ABT (quadrupedal [Quad or Q] stepping on a treadmill) groups. All ABT animals received 4 weeks of 1-h daily stepping beginning 2 weeks post-SCI followed by variable amounts for 4 additional weeks (none; daily; once a week; daily for final 4th week only). Outcome measures included fecal output (home cage; metabolic cage) throughout the study and terminal measurements (post 8-week ABT) of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography, resting anorectal pressure, and giant contraction (GC) activation under urethane anesthesia. The results indicate that treadmill training normalized defecation amount based on feces weight and food intake, as well as GC frequency, EAS latency and amplitude during fecal expulsion, and resting pressure in specific areas within the colorectum. The two intermittent training groups consistently showed recorded metrics comparable to the non-injured group. The results demonstrate bowel dysfunction in the rodent SCI contusion model with improvements in functional outcomes following ABT. Importantly, the benefits to bowel-related functions with versus without intermittent ABT illustrate the need for periodic therapy to maintain the functional gains of ABT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fell
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel Medina-Aguiñaga
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Darlene A Burke
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles H Hubscher
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Guerrero JLS, Brito PHS, Ferreira MA, Arantes JDA, Rusch E, Oliveira BVDS, Velasco-Bolaños J, Carregaro AB, Dória RGS. Evaluation of Gastric pH and Gastrin Concentrations in Horses Subjected to General Inhalation Anesthesia in Dorsal Recumbency. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1183. [PMID: 38672331 PMCID: PMC11047614 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency. Twenty-two mixed-breed mares weighing 400 ± 50 kg and aged 8 ± 2 years were used. Of these, eight were fasted for 8 h and submitted to 90 min of general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. Gastric juice samples were collected prior to anesthesia (T0), and then at 15 min intervals during anesthesia (T15-T90). After recovery from anesthesia (45 ± 1 min), samples were collected every hour for 24 h (T1 to T24) for gastric juice pH measurement. During this period, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water and were fed a commercial concentrate twice (T4 and T16). In a second group (control), four non-anesthetized mares were submitted to 8 h of fasting followed by nasogastric intubation. Gastric juice samples were then collected at T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, and T90. During this period, mares did not receive food or water. After 45 min, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, and gastric juice samples were collected every hour for four hours (T1 to T4). In a third group comprising ten non-fasted, non-anesthetized mares with free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, gastric juice samples were collected 30 min after concentrate intake (T0). In anesthetized mares, blood gastrin levels were measured prior to anesthesia (8 h fasting; baseline), during recovery from anesthesia, and 4 months after the anesthetic procedure, 90 min after the morning meal. Mean values of gastric juice pH remained acidic during general anesthesia. Mean pH values were within the physiological range (4.52 ± 1.69) and did not differ significantly between time points (T15-T90; p > 0.05). After recovery from anesthesia, mean gastric pH values increased and remained in the alkaline range throughout the 24 h period of evaluation. Significant differences were observed between T0 (4.88 ± 2.38), T5 (7.08 ± 0.89), T8 (7.43 ± 0.22), T9 (7.28 ± 0.36), T11 (7.26 ± 0.71), T13 (6.74 ± 0.90), and T17 (6.94 ± 1.04) (p < 0.05). The mean gastric juice pH ranged from weakly acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline in all groups, regardless of food and water intake (i.e., in the fasted, non-fasted, and fed states). Mean gastric pH measured in the control group did not differ from values measured during the 24 h post-anesthesia period or in the non-fasted group. Gastrin concentrations increased significantly during the post-anesthetic period compared to baseline (20.15 ± 7.65 pg/mL and 15.15 ± 3.82 pg/mL respectively; p < 0.05). General inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency did not affect gastric juice pH, which remained acidic and within the physiological range. Gastric juice pH was weakly alkaline after recovery from anesthesia and in the fasted and fed states. Serum gastrin levels increased in response to general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency and were not influenced by fasting. Preventive pharmacological measures are not required in horses submitted to general anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Leonardo Suarez Guerrero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Salles Brito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Marília Alves Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Julia de Assis Arantes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Elidiane Rusch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Brenda Valéria dos Santos Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Juan Velasco-Bolaños
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias (Group GIsCA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Colombia;
- Research Group Calidad de Leche y Epidemiología Veterinária (CLEV), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170004, Colombia
| | - Adriano Bonfim Carregaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Avenue, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (J.L.S.G.); (P.H.S.B.); (M.A.F.); (J.d.A.A.); (E.R.); (B.V.d.S.O.); (A.B.C.)
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Thompson JL, Miller L, Bowlt Blacklock K. Effects of cyanoacrylate on leakage pressures of cooled canine cadaveric jejunal enterotomies. Vet Surg 2024; 53:367-375. [PMID: 38071682 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the intraluminal initial and maximal pressures of enterotomies closed using three different techniques (single-layer appositional continuous closure; closure with cyanoacrylate; a single-layer appositional closure augmented with cyanoacrylate) in a cooled canine cadaveric jejunal model and to report the initial leak location in all samples. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, ex-vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Grossly normal chilled small intestine segments from three canine cadavers. METHODS A total of 45 chilled jejunal segments (n = 15 segments/group) were assigned to a handsewn group (HSE), a cyanoacrylate only group (CE) and a handsewn and cyanoacrylate group (HS + CE). A 2 cm antimesenteric enterotomy was performed and closure with one of the above techniques. Initial leakage pressures (ILP), maximal intraluminal pressures (MIP) and initial leakage location were recorded by a single observer. RESULTS Handsewn enterotomies leaked at higher ILP when augmented with cyanoacrylate (83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg, p < .001) compared to both the HSE group (43.8 ± 5.3 mmHg) and the CE group (18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg). Those sealed with cyanoacrylate only leaked at a lower MIP compared with the other groups (p < .001). Maximal intraluminal pressures did not differ between handsewn enterotomies, whether augmented or not (p = .19). CONCLUSION Reinforcement of a sutured enterotomy closure with cyanoacrylate was easy to perform and resulted in significantly increased initial leak pressures in cadaveric jejunum. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The increased leakage pressures achieved by reinforcing enterotomies with cyanoacrylate could consequently reduce the incidence of postoperative intestinal leakage following an enterotomy and may result in reduced patient morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Leigh Thompson
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Lucy Miller
- Department of Anesthesia and Analgesia, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Kelly Bowlt Blacklock
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, The Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Schoelkopf AC, Stewart SD, Casale SA, Fryer KJ. Associations of abdominal discomfort and length of clinical signs with surgical procedure in 181 cases of canine small intestinal foreign body obstruction. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:670-678. [PMID: 36632768 PMCID: PMC10029870 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are a common indication for abdominal exploratory surgery. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of pre-operative abdominal discomfort and duration of clinical signs with surgical resolution of canine small intestinal foreign body obstructions (SIFBO). METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 181 canine abdominal exploratory surgeries for confirmed SIFBO at two referral hospitals. Animals were categorized into five surgical groups (gastrotomy after manipulation into the stomach, enterotomy, resection-and-anastomosis [R&A], manipulated into colon, already in colon) and further grouped by whether entry into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was required. RESULTS Abdominal discomfort was noted in 107/181 cases (59.1%), but no significant differences in abdominal discomfort rates were present among the surgical groups or between GIT entry and no entry groups. Clinical sign duration was associated with surgical procedure; median durations were R&A = 3 days (range, 1-9), enterotomy = 2 days (range, 1-14), gastrotomy = 2 days (range, 1-6), already in colon = 1.5 days (range, 1-2), and manipulated into colon = 1 day (range, 1-7). In a pairwise comparison, differences in the duration of clinical signs were found for obstructions manipulated into the colon versus R&A, gastrotomy versus R&A, and in colon versus R&A. When patients were grouped according to GIT entry, cases with entry had a longer duration of clinical signs (median = 2 days [range, 1-14] versus 1 day [range, 1-7], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Abdominal discomfort was not associated with surgical complexity; however, the duration of clinical signs was associated with surgical complexity, with longer duration being associated with entry into the GIT and R&A. Despite statistical significance, the maximum difference of 2 days between surgical groups is unlikely to be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel D Stewart
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
- Ethos Discovery, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sue A Casale
- Surgery Department, Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katy J Fryer
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
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Effect of anaesthetic maintenance with isoflurane or propofol on ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:41-49. [PMID: 36334985 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation (EDI) in dogs during maintenance of general anaesthesia with isoflurane or propofol infusion. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, partially blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 22 dogs undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy to include EDI were recruited. METHODS Dogs were randomly assigned isoflurane (ISO; n = 10) or propofol (PROP; n = 11) for maintenance of general anaesthesia. Following anaesthetic premedication with intramuscular medetomidine (0.005 mg kg-1) and butorphanol (0.2 mg kg-1), general anaesthesia was induced with propofol, to effect, maintained with 1.5% (vaporizer setting) isoflurane in 100% oxygen or 0.2 mg kg-1 minute-1 propofol. The dose of both agents was adjusted to maintain general anaesthesia adequate for the procedure. Degree of sedation 20 minutes post-anaesthetic premedication, propofol induction dose, anaesthetist and endoscopist training grade, animal's response to endoscopy, presence of gastro-oesophageal and duodenal-gastric reflux, spontaneous opening of the lower oesophageal and pyloric sphincters, antral movement and time to achieve EDI were recorded. EDI was scored 1 (immediate entry with minimal manoeuvring) to 4 (no entry after 120 seconds) by the endoscopist, blinded to the agent in use. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) and differences between groups analysed using independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups for EDI score [median (interquartile range): 2 (3) ISO, 2 (3) PROP] or time to achieve EDI [mean ± standard deviation: 52.50 ± 107.00 seconds (ISO), 70.00 ± 196.00 seconds (PROP)]. Significantly more dogs responded to passage of the endoscope into the oesophagus in group PROP compared with group ISO (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maintenance of general anaesthesia with either isoflurane or propofol did not affect EDI score or time to achieve EDI.
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Hirsch S, Nurko S, Liu E, Rosen R. A prospective study of intrapyloric botulinum toxin and EndoFLIP in children with nausea and vomiting. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14428. [PMID: 35811408 PMCID: PMC9648533 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrapyloric botulinum toxin injection (IPBI) is used to treat nausea and vomiting in children, but no prospective pediatric studies exist. The aims of the current study were to assess the efficacy of IPBI in children with refractory nausea or vomiting and to use EndoFLIP as a biomarker of IPBI response. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study of pediatric patients undergoing IPBI for refractory nausea, vomiting, or feeding difficulties at a tertiary center. Patients completed validated questionnaires at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 months after IPBI. A subset of patients >10 years old underwent pyloric EndoFLIP at the time of IPBI. Symptoms were compared pre- and post-IPBI, and EndoFLIP measurements were assessed in relation to baseline characteristics and response to IPBI. KEY RESULTS Forty-five patients (mean age 14.2 ± 6.0 years) received IPBI, and 23 of those patients underwent EndoFLIP. Twenty-nine patients (64%) had symptomatic improvement at 1-month follow-up, including improvements in overall GI symptoms (p = 0.003), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.009), and discomfort when eating (p = 0.006). Symptomatic improvements lasted up to 3 months. There was a trend towards lower pyloric distensibility in patients with delayed versus normal gastric emptying (4.5 ± 3.8 mm2 /mmHg in delayed vs. 8.9 ± 6.6 mm2 /mmHg in normal, p = 0.09), though there were no differences in EndoFLIP measurements between IPBI responders and non-responders (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The majority of patients responded to IPBI, with significant improvements seen in nausea, vomiting, and discomfort. Pyloric EndoFLIP tended to distinguish baseline delays in gastric emptying, but it did not predict IPBI response in this patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Hirsch
- Aerodigestive Center, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Aerodigestive Center, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Enju Liu
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Rosen
- Aerodigestive Center, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Deschamps C, Humbert D, Zentek J, Denis S, Priymenko N, Apper E, Blanquet-Diot S. From Chihuahua to Saint-Bernard: how did digestion and microbiota evolve with dog sizes. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5086-5102. [PMID: 35982892 PMCID: PMC9379419 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and well-being of dogs are of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion plays a key role in dog health, involving physicochemical, mechanical and microbial actors. However, decades of breeding selection led to various dog sizes associated with different digestive physiology and disease sensitivity. Developing new products requires the consideration of all the multi-faceted aspects of canine digestion, the evaluation of food digestibility, drug release and absorption in the gut. This review paper provides an exhaustive literature survey on canine digestive physiology, focusing on size effect on anatomy and digestive parameters, with graphical representation of data classified as "small", "medium" and "large" dogs. Despite the huge variability between protocols and animals, interesting size effects on gastrointestinal physiology were highlighted, mainly related to the colonic compartment. Colonic measurements, transit time permeability, fibre degradation, faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and faecal water content increase while faecal bile acid concentration decreases with body size. A negative correlation between body weight and Proteobacteria relative abundance was observed suggesting an effect of dog body size on faecal microbiota. This paper gathers helpful in vivo data for academics and industrials and supports the development of new food and pharma products to move towards canine personalized nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Deschamps
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Blagnac, France
| | | | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 49, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS UCA-INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Priymenko
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Stoner CH, Saunders AB, Heseltine JC, Cook AK, Lidbury JA. Prospective evaluation of complications associated with transesophageal echocardiography in dogs with congenital heart disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:406-416. [PMID: 34997940 PMCID: PMC8965207 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is useful in the assessment and procedural monitoring of congenital heart disease (CHD) with a relatively low complication rate in humans. Objectives To evaluate the safety of TEE and report complications in dogs. Animals Forty client‐owned dogs with CHD. Methods Prospective observational study including gastroesophagoscopy before and after TEE imaging. TEE was planned with a GE 6VT‐D adult probe in dogs weighing ≥4 kg and a GE 10T‐D microprobe alternating with an intracardiac echocardiography probe placed in the esophagus in dogs <4 kg. Difficulties with probe placement, probe interference and TEE probe imaging times were recorded. Dogs were monitored in the recovery period after TEE using an established nausea scoring system. Results New gastroesophageal abnormalities were identified after TEE in 4 dogs including 4 areas of mucosal damage involving <25% of the lower esophageal sphincter (n = 4) and 1 lesion at the heart base (n = 1) and were not attributed to longer imaging times or a specific probe. Lesions identified before TEE in 4 dogs remained unchanged after TEE. The 6VT‐D probe could not be placed in 1 dog with enlarged tonsils, and it obstructed fluoroscopic views in 3 dogs. The probes did not compress any structures in dogs in which fluoroscopy was performed (n = 20). Four dogs had evidence to suggest nausea after the procedure. Conclusions and Clinical Importance While major complications remain possible, complications in this study were mild and few in number. Dog size and probe characteristics are factors to consider when performing TEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin H Stoner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna C Heseltine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Audrey K Cook
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Stamatopoulos K, O'Farrell C, Simmons M, Batchelor H. In vivo models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113915. [PMID: 34371085 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of orally ingestible devices is critical to optimize their performance early in development. Using animals as a pre-clinical tool can provide useful information on functionality, yet it is important to recognize that animal gastrointestinal physiology, pathophysiology and anatomy can differ to that in humans and that the most suitable species needs to be selected to inform the evaluation. There has been a move towards in vitro and in silico models rather than animal models in line with the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) as well as the better control and reproducibility associated with these systems. However, there are still instances where animal models provide the greatest understanding. This paper provides an overview of key aspects of human gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology and compares parameters to those reported in animal species. The value of each species can be determined based upon the parameter of interest from the ingested device when considering the use of pre-clinical animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Connor O'Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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Abstract
Gastric motility disorders present both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and likely are under-recognized in small animal practice. This review includes a comparative overview of etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation of gastric motility disorders, suggests a practical approach to the diagnosis of these conditions, and provides an update on methods to evaluate gastric motor function. Furthermore, management of gastric dysmotility is discussed, including a review of the documented effect of gastric prokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Husnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Frédéric Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Namikawa T, Yamaguchi S, Fujisawa K, Ogawa M, Iwabu J, Munekage M, Uemura S, Maeda H, Kitagawa H, Kobayashi M, Matsuda K, Hanazaki K. Real-time bowel sound analysis using newly developed device in patients undergoing gastric surgery for gastric tumor. JGH OPEN 2021; 5:454-458. [PMID: 33860095 PMCID: PMC8035471 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Objective measurements are not available for determining bowel sounds. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of a novel bowel sound monitoring system for perioperative use in patients undergoing gastric surgery. Methods The study enrolled 14 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer at Kochi Medical School from 2017 to 2018. Preoperative and postoperative bowel sounds were recorded using a newly developed real‐time analysis system in the operating theater and recovery room. Clinical information and bowel sound count data were obtained to compare preoperative and postoperative measures. Results The median preoperative and postoperative bowel sound counts across all patients were 1.4 and 2.5 counts per minute (cpm), respectively. In patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy, the postoperative bowel sound count was significantly higher than that recorded preoperatively (2.3 vs. 1.6 cpm, P = 0.005). The findings also revealed a significant negative correlation between postoperative bowel sound count and operation time (r = −0.714, P = 0.003). Conclusions The real‐time bowel sound analysis system tested herein presents a promising diagnostic tool to quantitatively evaluate bowel movements associated with surgery. Our results suggested a need for shorter operation times for gastric procedures with respect to peristalsis recovery and supported the use of minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sachi Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Kazune Fujisawa
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Maho Ogawa
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Jun Iwabu
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Masaya Munekage
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Sunao Uemura
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Hiromichi Maeda
- Department of Surgery Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | | | - Michiya Kobayashi
- Department of Human Health and Medical Sciences Kochi Medical School Nankoku Kochi Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
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Lacitignola L, Imperante A, Trisciuzzi R, Zizzo N, Crovace AM, Staffieri F. Swine Small Intestine Sealing Performed by Different Vessel Sealing Devices: Ex-Vivo Test. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020034. [PMID: 33671834 PMCID: PMC7926574 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the sealing quality of swine small intestine using different laparoscopic radiofrequency vessel sealing devices (two 5 mm: RFVS-1 and -2; one 10 mm: RFVS-3) and a harmonic scalpel (HS) compared to golden standard closure technique. The study was divided into two arms. In study arm 1: n = 50 swine intestinal loops (10 per group) were transected with each instrument and the loops in which the devices provided complete sealing, at the gross inspection, were tested for maximum burst pressure (BP) and histological evaluation and compared to an automatic linear stapler. After the BP tests, the devices that achieved significantly lower BP values were excluded from the second arm. The RFVS-1 and -3 provided statistically significant results and were used in study arm 2, to obtain full-thickness biopsies along the antimesenteric border of the loop and were compared with hand-sewn intestinal closure (n = 30; 10 per group). The biopsies were histologically evaluated for thermal injury and diagnostic features, and intestinal loops tested for BP. RFVS-3 achieved comparable results (69.78 ± 4.23 mmHg, interquartile range (IQR) 5.8) to stapler closing technique (71.09 ± 4.22 mmHg, IQR 4.38; p > 0.05), while the RFVS-1 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower BP (45.28 ± 15.23 mmHg, IQR 24.95) but over the physiological range, conversely to RFVS-2 (20.16 ± 7.19 mmHg, IQR 12.02) and HS (not measurable). RFVS-3 resulted not significantly different (p > 0.05) (45.09 ± 8.75 mmHg, IQR 10.48) than Suture (35.71 ± 17.51 mmHg, IQR 23.77); RFVS-1 resulted significantly lower values (23.96 ± 10.63 mmHg, IQR 9.62; p < 0.05). All biopsies were judged diagnostic. Data confirmed that RFVS-1 and -3 devices provided suitable intestinal sealing, with BP pressures over the physiological range. Conversely, the HS and RFVS-2 should not be considered for intestinal sealing. RFVS devices could be employed to obtain small intestine stump closure or full-thickness biopsies. However, further studies should be performed in live animals to assess the role of the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lacitignola
- Dipartimento dell’Emergenze e Trapianti di Organi (D.E.T.O.), Sezione di Cliniche Veterinarie e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Annarita Imperante
- Dottorato di Ricerca in “Trapianti di Tessuti ed Organi e Terapie Cellulari”, Dipartimento dell’Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi (D.E.T.O.), Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Rodrigo Trisciuzzi
- Dottorato di Ricerca in “Trapianti di Tessuti ed Organi e Terapie Cellulari”, Dipartimento dell’Emergenza e Trapianti di Organi (D.E.T.O.), Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.I.); (R.T.)
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Sez. di Anatomia Patologica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Maria Crovace
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Dipartimento dell’Emergenze e Trapianti di Organi (D.E.T.O.), Sezione di Cliniche Veterinarie e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Ogawa M, Namikawa T, Oki T, Munekage M, Maeda H, Kitagawa H, Dabanaka K, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, Sakata O, Matsuda K, Hanazaki K. Evaluation of Perioperative Intestinal Motility Using a Newly Developed Real-Time Monitoring System During Surgery. World J Surg 2020; 45:451-458. [PMID: 33063197 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate perioperative intestinal motility using a novel bowel sound monitoring system in patients undergoing breast and neck surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study enrolled 52 patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer, thyroid tumor, and parathyroid tumor at Kochi Medical School from May 2019 to June 2020. Perioperative bowel sound counts (BSCs) were recorded using a newly developed real-time analysis system in the operating theater. Clinical information and BSC per minute (cpm) data during the preanesthetic, preoperative, operative, postoperative periods, and period in recovery room were obtained to compare between each period. The Mann-Whitney U and Pearson Chi-square tests were used in data analysis. RESULTS The BSCs during the intraoperative period and postoperative period were significantly decreased compared to those during the preanesthetic period (0.07 cpm versus [vs.]. 1.4 cpm, P = 0.002 and 0.1 cpm vs. 1.4 cpm, P = 0.025, respectively). The preoperative BSC with a preanesthetic BSC < 1.4 was significantly lower than that with a preanesthetic BSC ≥ 1.4 (0.40 cpm vs. 1.78 cpm, P = 0.006). The preanesthetic, preoperative, and postoperative BSCs with an intraoperative BSC < 0.07 were significantly lower than those with an intraoperative BSC ≥ 0.07 (0.48 cpm vs. 2.83 cpm, P = 0.007; 0.40 cpm vs. 1.81 cpm, P = 0.008; and 0.07 cpm vs. 0.42 cpm, P = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION The real-time bowel sound analysis system demonstrated an inhibitory effect associated with anesthetic and surgical stress on intestinal motility as the BSC sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Ogawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Namikawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Toyokazu Oki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masaya Munekage
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Ken Dabanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takeki Sugimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Michiya Kobayashi
- Department of Human Health and Medical Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakata
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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Truse R, Nolten I, Schulz J, Herminghaus A, Holtmanns T, Gördes L, Raupach A, Bauer I, Picker O, Vollmer C. Topical Melatonin Improves Gastric Microcirculatory Oxygenation During Hemorrhagic Shock in Dogs but Does Not Alter Barrier Integrity of Caco-2 Monolayers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:510. [PMID: 32984383 PMCID: PMC7484810 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of melatonin exerts tissue protective effects in the context of hemorrhagic shock. Intravenous application of melatonin prior to hemorrhage improves gastric microcirculatory perfusion and maintains intestinal barrier function in dogs. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a topical mucosal melatonin application on gastric microcirculation during hemorrhagic shock in vivo and on mucosal barrier function in vitro. In a randomized cross-over study, six anesthetized female foxhounds received 3.3 mg melatonin or the vehicle as a bolus to the gastric and oral mucosa during physiological and hemorrhagic (-20% blood volume) conditions. Microcirculation was analyzed with reflectance spectrometry and laser doppler flowmetry. Systemic hemodynamic variables were measured with transpulmonary thermodilution. For analysis of intestinal mucosal barrier function in vitro Caco-2 monolayers were used. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the passage of Lucifer Yellow (LY) from the apical to the basolateral compartment of Transwell chambers were measured. Potential barrier protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress were investigated in the presence of the oxidant H2O2. During physiologic conditions topical application of melatonin had no effect on gastric and oral microcirculation in vivo. During hemorrhagic shock, gastric microcirculatory oxygenation (μHbO2) was decreased from 81 ± 8% to 50 ± 15%. Topical treatment with melatonin led to a significant increase in μHbO2 to 60 ± 13%. Topical melatonin treatment had no effect on gastric microcirculatory perfusion, oral microcirculation or systemic hemodynamics. Incubation of H2O2 stressed Caco-2 monolayers with melatonin did neither influence transepithelial electrical resistance nor LY translocation. Topical treatment of the gastric mucosa with melatonin attenuates the shock induced decrease in microcirculatory oxygenation. As no effects on local microcirculatory and systemic perfusion were recorded, the improved μHbO2 is most likely caused by a modulation of local oxygen consumption. In vitro melatonin treatment did not improve intestinal barrier integrity in the context of oxidative stress. These results extend the current knowledge on melatonin's protective effects during hemorrhage in vivo. Topical application of melatonin exerts differential effects on local microcirculation compared to systemic pretreatment and might be suitable as an adjunct for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Truse
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inga Nolten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Herminghaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Holtmanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Gördes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annika Raupach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Picker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Düsseldorf University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kabakchiev CM, Zur Linden AR, Singh A, Beaufrère HH. Effects of intra-abdominal pressure on laparoscopic working space in domestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:77-83. [PMID: 31887092 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 3 intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) on pneumoperitoneal (laparoscopic working space) volume in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). ANIMALS 6 female New Zealand White rabbits. PROCEDURES A Latin-square design was used to randomly allocate sequences of 3 IAPs (4, 8, and 12 mm Hg) to each rabbit in a crossover study. Rabbits were anesthetized, subumbilical cannulae were placed, and CT scans were performed to obtain baseline measurements. Each IAP was achieved with CO2 insufflation and maintained for ≥ 15 minutes; CT scans were performed with rabbits in dorsal, left lateral oblique, and right lateral oblique recumbency. The abdomen was desufflated for 5 minutes between treatments (the 3 IAPs). Pneumoperitoneal volumes were calculated from CT measurements with 3-D medical imaging software. Mixed linear regression models evaluated effects of IAP, rabbit position, and treatment order on working space volume. RESULTS Mean working space volume at an IAP of 8 mm Hg was significantly greater (a 19% increase) than that at 4 mm Hg, and was significantly greater (a 6.9% increase) at 12 mm Hg than that at 8 mm Hg. Treatment order, but not rabbit position, also had a significant effect on working space. Minor adverse effects reported in other species were observed in some rabbits. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A nonlinear increase in abdominal working space was observed with increasing IAP. Depending on the type of procedure and visual access requirements, IAPs > 8 mm Hg may not provide a clinically important benefit for laparoscopy in rabbits.
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ÇAKIR U, YİLDİZ D, KAHVECİOGLU D, OKULU E, ALAN S, ERDEVE O, ARSAN S, ATASAY B. Obstetrik anestezi yöntemlerinin preterm bebeklerde gastrointestinal sistem fonksiyonu üzerine etkisi var mı? CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.627506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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17
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Coleman KA, Boscan P, Ferguson L, Twedt D, Monnet E. Evaluation of gastric motility in nine dogs before and after prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy: a pilot study. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:225-230. [PMID: 31236930 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy on gastric motility in healthy large-breed dogs. METHODS This was a prospective pilot study with nine healthy client-owned dogs. Each dog was its own control. Gastric motility was evaluated before and after laparoscopic gastropexy. Dogs were fed a standard diet three weeks before and after surgery. Gastric motility was measured before and 3 weeks after surgery. A wireless motility capsule (WMC) was used to measure gastric pH, intragastric pressure, temperature, frequency of contractions, motility index (MI) and transit time. Non-parametric statistical analysis was used to compare the paired data. Clients were contacted for follow-up information 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS Median frequency of gastric contractions was 1.3 (range, 0.6-1.9 contractions/min) before gastropexy and 1.0 (range, 0.3-2.6 contractions/min) after gastropexy (P = 0.820). Median MI was 49.2 (range, 23.7-96.6) before gastropexy and 28.1 (range, 12.2-148.9) after gastropexy (P = 0.652). Median gastric emptying time was 1140 (range, 486-1230 min) before gastropexy and 1110 (range, 306-2610 min) after gastropexy (P = 0.570). During the hour before the WMC passed through the pylorus, median MI was 72.2 (range, 48.2-549.3) before gastropexy and 52.9 (range, 15.20-322.8) after gastropexy (P = 0.734), and frequency of contractions was 1.1 (range, 0.9-4.1 contractions/min) before gastropexy and 1.2 (range, 0.5-3.0 contractions/min) after gastropexy (P = 0.652). CONCLUSION Motility in the stomach did not change in healthy dogs after prophylactic laparoscopic gastropexy. We conclude that preventive laparoscopic gastropexy does not induce gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Coleman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - P Boscan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - L Ferguson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - D Twedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - E Monnet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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18
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Andrews SJ, Thomas TM, Hauptman JG, Stanley BJ. Investigation of potential risk factors for mesenteric volvulus in military working dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:877-885. [PMID: 30211640 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.7.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for mesenteric volvulus (MV) in military working dogs (MWDs). DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. ANIMALS 211 MWDs (54 with and 157 without MV [case and control dogs, respectively]). PROCEDURES Medical records (cases and controls) and necropsy reports (cases) were reviewed. Signalment, pertinent medical and surgical history, behavior and temperament characteristics, feeding schedules, and training types were recorded. Weather patterns for regions where dogs resided were researched. Data were evaluated statistically to identify potential risk factors for MV. RESULTS Risk factors significantly associated with MV included German Shepherd Dog breed (OR, 11.5), increasing age (OR, 2.0), and history of prophylactic gastropexy (OR, 65.9), other abdominal surgery (after gastropexy and requiring a separate anesthetic episode; OR, 16.9), and gastrointestinal disease (OR, 5.4). Post hoc analysis of the subset of MWDs that underwent gastropexy suggested that postoperative complications were associated with MV in these dogs but type of gastropexy and surgeon experience level were not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Data supported earlier findings that German Shepherd Dog breed and history of gastrointestinal disease were risk factors for MV. The MWDs with a history of prophylactic gastropexy or other abdominal surgery were more likely to acquire MV than were those without such history. These findings warrant further study. Despite the association between prophylactic gastropexy and MV, the authors remain supportive of this procedure to help prevent the more common disease of gastric dilatation-volvulus.
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Hill TL. Gastrointestinal Tract Dysfunction With Critical Illness: Clinical Assessment and Management. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 35:47-52. [PMID: 31122688 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gut is the site of digestion and absorption as well as serving as an endocrine and immune organ. All of these functions may be affected by critical illness. This review will discuss secondary effects of critical illness on the gut in terms of gastrointestinal function that is clinically observable and discuss consequences of gut dysfunction with critical illness to patient outcome. Because there is little evidence-based medicine in the veterinary field, much of our understanding of gut dysfunction with critical illness comes from animal models or from the human medical field. We can extrapolate some of these conclusions and recommendations to companion animals, particularly in dogs, who have similar gastrointestinal physiology to people. Additionally, the evidence regarding gut dysfunction in veterinary patients will be explored. By recognizing signs of dysfunction early and taking preventative measures, we may be able to increase success with treatment of critical illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Hill
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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20
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Radkey DI, Writt VE, Snyder LBC, Jones BG, Johnson RA. Gastrointestinal effects following acupuncture at Pericardium-6 and Stomach-36 in healthy dogs: a pilot study. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 60:38-43. [PMID: 30281151 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify changes in gastric and intestinal emptying times in the conscious dog following gastrointestinal acupoint stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomised, blinded crossover study, six dogs were fed 30×1.5 mm barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres and underwent: (1) no acupuncture (Control); (2) stimulation of target points PC6 and ST36 (Target) and (3) stimulation of non-target points LU7 and BL55 (Sham). Abdominal radiographs were assessed immediately after feeding the spheres and every hour for 12 hours and their number in the stomach and large intestines was counted. RESULTS The number of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres found distal to the stomach was less in the Target group compared to the Control and Sham groups between hours 2 and 4, but no differences between groups were seen for the remainder of the treatment period. The number of spheres found within the colon/rectum was less in the Target group compared to the Control and Sham groups between hours 4 and 6, and compared to the Sham group only at hour 7 but no differences between groups were seen after hour 8. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Acupuncture targeted at the gastrointestinal tract of dogs was associated briefly with slowed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit time. This foundational study lays the groundwork for additional studies of acupuncture effects associated with altered physiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Radkey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - V E Writt
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - L B C Snyder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - B G Jones
- Anetech Imaging Services, Fountain Valley, California, 92708, USA
| | - R A Johnson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Opportunities and Challenges for Single-Unit Recordings from Enteric Neurons in Awake Animals. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090428. [PMID: 30424361 PMCID: PMC6187697 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced electrode designs have made single-unit neural recordings commonplace in modern neuroscience research. However, single-unit resolution remains out of reach for the intrinsic neurons of the gastrointestinal system. Single-unit recordings of the enteric (gut) nervous system have been conducted in anesthetized animal models and excised tissue, but there is a large physiological gap between awake and anesthetized animals, particularly for the enteric nervous system. Here, we describe the opportunity for advancing enteric neuroscience offered by single-unit recording capabilities in awake animals. We highlight the primary challenges to microelectrodes in the gastrointestinal system including structural, physiological, and signal quality challenges, and we provide design criteria recommendations for enteric microelectrodes.
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Rosen R, Garza JM, Tipnis N, Nurko S. An ANMS-NASPGHAN consensus document on esophageal and antroduodenal manometry in children. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:10.1111/nmo.13239. [PMID: 29178261 PMCID: PMC5823717 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal symptoms in children are common and motility disorders are considered in the differential diagnosis. High resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) has revolutionized the study of esophageal physiology, and the addition of impedance has provided new insights into esophageal function. Antroduodenal motility has provided insight into gastric and small bowel function. PURPOSE This review highlights some of the recent advances in pediatric esophageal and antroduodenal motility testing including indications, preparation, performance, and interpretation of the tests. This update is the second part of a two part series on manometry studies in children (first part was on anorectal and colonic manometry [Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016;29:e12944]), and has been endorsed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) and the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society (ANMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Rosen
- Aerodigestive Center, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Jose M. Garza
- Children’s Center for Digestive Health Care, and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Neelesh Tipnis
- Department of Pediatrics University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Samuel Nurko
- Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children’s Hospital
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Fink T, Failing K, Borsch C, Kunz C, Clemence R, Savary-Bataille K, Neiger R, Schmitz S. Effects of the neurokinin-1 antagonist maropitant on canine gastric emptying assessed by radioscintigraphy and breath test. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 44:163-9. [DOI: 10.15654/tpk-150039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: Delayed gastric emptying is a well-recognised phenomenon in a number of canine disease conditions. Only a limited number of drugs have been reported to have some gastrokinetic effect in the dog. The aim of this study was to investigate prokinetic effects of maropitant. Material and methods: In a cross-over study 24 healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomised to receive either maropitant (2 mg/kg q24 h PO), cisapride (1 mg/kg q12 h PO) or placebo (vitamin- B12, 10 μg/dog q24 h PO) for 7 days with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Gastric emptying was measured simultaneously via 99mTechnetium radioscintigraphy and 13C-sodium acetate breath testing for 6 hours post-feeding. The decrease in radioactive counts in the stomach and the increase in 13CO2 concentration in exhaled breath (measured via gas chromatography) were plotted against time. The area under the curve was determined for each test and the time to 25%, 50% and 75% gastric emptying was calculated for each method. Friedman test was used to compare gastric emptying times. Results: With both methods, no difference for gastric emptying times was observed for any treatment. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Neither maropitant nor cisapride were shown to have an effect on gastric emptying in healthy beagles using radioscintigraphy or breath test when compared to placebo. Consequently, neither drug can be recommended as a gastric prokinetic in dogs.
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Sanderson JJ, Boysen SR, McMurray JM, Lee A, Stillion JR. The effect of fasting on gastrointestinal motility in healthy dogs as assessed by sonography. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:645-650. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian J. Sanderson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Søren R. Boysen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Jantina M. McMurray
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Albert Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
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25
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Balsa IM, Culp WTN, Drobatz KJ, Johnson EG, Mayhew PD, Marks SL. Effect of Laparoscopic-assisted Gastropexy on Gastrointestinal Transit Time in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1680-1685. [PMID: 28940749 PMCID: PMC5697196 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic gastropexy has been promoted as a means of preventing gastric volvulus during gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Little is known about the impact of gastropexy on gastrointestinal transit time. Hypothesis Laparoscopic‐assisted gastropexy (LAG) will not alter gastrointestinal transit times when comparing gastric (GET), small and large bowel (SLBTT), and whole gut transit times (TTT) before and after surgery. Animals 10 healthy client‐owned large‐breed dogs. Methods Prospective clinical trial. Before surgery, all dogs underwent physical examination and diagnostic evaluation to ensure normal health status. Dogs were fed a prescription diet for 6 weeks before determination of gastrointestinal transit with a wireless motility capsule. LAG was then performed, and dogs were fed the diet for 6 additional weeks. Measurement of transit times was repeated 6 weeks after surgery. Results Ten dogs of various breeds at‐risk for GDV were enrolled. No complications were encountered associated with surgery or capsule administration. There were no significant differences in GET 429 [306–1,370] versus 541 [326–1,298] (P = 0.80), SLBTT 1,243 [841–3,070] versus 1,540 [756–2,623] (P = 0.72), or TTT 1,971 [1,205–3,469] versus 1,792 [1,234–3,343] minutes (median, range) (P = 0.65) before and after LAG. Conclusions and Clinical Importance An effect of LAG on gastrointestinal transit time was not identified, and wireless motility capsule can be safely administered in dogs after LAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Balsa
- Departments of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, (Balsa, Culp, Johnson, Mayhew), and Medicine and Epidemiology (Marks), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - W T N Culp
- Departments of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, (Balsa, Culp, Johnson, Mayhew), and Medicine and Epidemiology (Marks), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - K J Drobatz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E G Johnson
- Departments of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, (Balsa, Culp, Johnson, Mayhew), and Medicine and Epidemiology (Marks), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - P D Mayhew
- Departments of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, (Balsa, Culp, Johnson, Mayhew), and Medicine and Epidemiology (Marks), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - S L Marks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Warrit K, Boscan P, Ferguson LE, Bradley AM, Dowers KL, Rao S, Twedt DC. Minimally invasive wireless motility capsule to study canine gastrointestinal motility and pH. Vet J 2017; 227:36-41. [PMID: 29031328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility of using a gastrointestinal tract wireless motility capsule (WMC) that measured intraluminal pressure, pH and transit time through the gastrointestinal tract, in dogs in their home environment. Forty-four adult healthy dogs, eating a standard diet, were prospectively enrolled. The WMC was well tolerated by all dogs and provided data from the different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Median gastric emptying time was 20h (range, 6.3-119h), demonstrating a large range. The gastric pressure pattern and pH depended on the phase of food consumption. The small bowel transit time was 3.1h (range, 1.6-5.4h) with average contraction pressures of 6.5mmHg (range, 1.1-21.4mmHg) and pH 7.8 (range, 7-8.9). The large bowel transit time was 21h (range, 1-69h) with average contractions pressures of 0.9mmHg (range, 0.3-2.7mmHg) and pH 6.4 (range, 5.3-8.2). There was considerable individual variation in motility patterns and transit times between dogs. No difference was observed between the sexes. No relationships between any transit time, bowel pH or pressure pattern and bodyweights were identified. The WMC likely represents movement of a large non-digestible particle rather than normal ingesta. Due to its large size, the WMC should not be use in smaller dogs. The WMC is a promising minimally invasive tool to assess GIT solid phase transit times, pressures and pH. However, further studies are necessary due to the current limitations observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Warrit
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - P Boscan
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - L E Ferguson
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - A M Bradley
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K L Dowers
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - S Rao
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - D C Twedt
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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27
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Warrit K, Boscan P, Ferguson LE, Bradley AM, Dowers KL, Twedt DC. Effect of hospitalization on gastrointestinal motility and pH in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Torrente C, Vigueras I, Manzanilla EG, Villaverde C, Fresno L, Carvajal B, Fiñana M, Costa-Farré C. Prevalence of and risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux and postanesthetic vomiting and diarrhea in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:397-408. [PMID: 28544250 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and postanesthetic vomiting and diarrhea, and to evaluate risk factors associated with these gastrointestinal disorders (GID) in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Two hundred thirty-seven client-owned dogs undergoing general inhalant anesthesia for diagnostic or surgical purposes. INTERVENTIONS None MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patient, surgical, and anesthetic variables, and postanesthetic treatments administered in the immediate postanesthesia period were evaluated in relation to GID using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05). Seventy-nine of the 237 (33.4%) dogs developed GID during the perianesthetic period. The prevalences of GER, vomiting, and diarrhea were 17.3%, 5.5%, and 10.5%, respectively. Intraabdominal surgery (P = 0.016; odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-6.62), changes in body position (P = 0.003; OR 3.17, 95% CI: 1.47-6.85), and length of anesthesia (P = 0.052; OR 1.006, 95% CI: 1.000-1.013) were associated with GER. Changes in the ventilation mode during surgery (P = 0.011; OR 6.54, 95% CI: 1.8-23.8), length of anesthesia (P = 0.024; OR 1.001, 95% CI: 1.001-1.020), and rescue synthetic colloid support due to hypotension (P = 0.005; OR 6.9, 95% CI: 1.82-26.3) were positively associated with postanesthetic vomiting. On the contrary, dogs that received acepromazine as premedication were significantly less likely (P < 0.019; OR 12.3, 95% CI: 1.52-100) to vomit. Finally, length of anesthesia, changes in body position, changes in ventilation mode, or hypoxemia during the procedure tended to increase the risk (univariate model) of diarrhea during the recovery phase. CONCLUSIONS GID are common in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. Duration and characteristics of the procedure, anesthetic management, and changes in certain patient variables are significant risk factors for the presence of GID in the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrente
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals
| | - Isabel Vigueras
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals
| | - Edgar G Manzanilla
- Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona 08193, Spain; and, the Teagasc Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland
| | | | - Laura Fresno
- Servei d'Anestèsia i Cirurgia, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals
| | | | | | - Cristina Costa-Farré
- Servei d'Anestèsia i Cirurgia, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals
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29
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Wrigglesworth DJ, Bailey MQ, Colyer A, Hughes KR. PILOT STUDY TO ASSESS MEAL PROGRESSION THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF HABITUATED DOGS DETERMINED BY FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING WITHOUT SEDATION OR PHYSICAL RESTRAINT. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 57:565-571. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Q. Bailey
- Banfield Pet Hospital; PO Box 13998, 8000 NE Tillamook St Portland OR 97213-0998
| | - Alison Colyer
- WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition; Waltham on the Wolds; Leicestershire LE14 4RT UK
| | - Kevin R. Hughes
- WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition; Waltham on the Wolds; Leicestershire LE14 4RT UK
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30
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Sevoflurane-induced pica in female rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 131:68-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Abstract
Accurately measuring the complex motor behaviors of the gastrointestinal tract has tremendous value for the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. This review synthesizes the literature regarding current tests that are used in both humans and animals. There remains further opportunity to enhance such tests, especially when such tests are able to provide value in both the preclinical and the clinical settings.
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Key Words
- acute pancreatitis
- biliary pancreatitis
- necroptosis
- apoptosis
- pancreatic cell death
- ac, ascending colon
- cf6, filling the colon at 6 hours
- ct, computed tomography
- gebt, gastric emptying breath test
- hdam, high-definition anorectal pressure manometry/topography
- hram, high-resolution anorectal manometry
- ht, hydroxytryptophan
- iqr, interquartile range
- mmc, migrating motor complex
- mri, magnetic resonance imaging
- 99mtc, technetium-99m
- spect, single-photon emission computed tomography
- 13c, carbon-13
- 3-d, 3-dimensional
- wmc, wireless motility capsule
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32
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Desmet M, Vander Cruyssen P, Pottel H, Carlier S, Devriendt D, Van Rooy F, De Corte W. The influence of propofol and sevoflurane on intestinal motility during laparoscopic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:335-42. [PMID: 26806956 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anaesthetics have an influence on small bowel peristalsis during laparoscopic surgery. A recent study concluded that desflurane increased intestinal motility compared to sevoflurane. Hence, a desflurane-based anaesthesia protocol may reduce surgical exposure during intestinal suturing or stapling due to small bowel hyperperistalsis. The effect of propofol on intestinal motility is not well studied. We tested the hypothesis that a propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia increases intestinal contractions in comparison with a sevoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia. METHODS Patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery were randomized in this single blind randomized controlled trial to receive remifentanil combined with sevoflurane or propofol (ISRCTN 12921661). Bispectral index monitoring was used to guide depth of anaesthesia. Visual observation of peristaltic waves was performed during 1 min at the planned site of the jejunostomy. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon two-sample test. RESULTS After obtaining written informed consent 50 patients were included. Groups were similar for demographic variables, and depth of anaesthesia during the observations. The median number of peristaltic waves was lower in the sevoflurane-remifentanil group compared to the propofol-remifentanil group (0 vs. 6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Propofol-remifentanil increases intestinal motility compared with sevoflurane-remifentanil during laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. A sevoflurane-based protocol can help to avoid disturbing peristalsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Desmet
- Department of Anaesthesiology; AZ Groeninge Hospital; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - P. Vander Cruyssen
- Department Cardiovascular Sciences; KU Leuven; Leuven Belgium
- Department of Anaesthesiology; UZ Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - H. Pottel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care; KU Leuven Campus Kulak; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - S. Carlier
- Department of Anaesthesiology; AZ Groeninge Hospital; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - D. Devriendt
- Department of Abdominal Surgery; AZ Groeninge Hospital; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - F. Van Rooy
- Department of Abdominal Surgery; AZ Groeninge Hospital; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - W. De Corte
- Department of Anaesthesiology; AZ Groeninge Hospital; Kortrijk Belgium
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33
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Li P, Kothari V, Terry BS. Design and Preliminary Experimental Investigation of a Capsule for Measuring the Small Intestine Contraction Pressure. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2702-8. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2444406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Keuchel M, Kurniawan N, Baltes P, Bandorski D, Koulaouzidis A. Quantitative measurements in capsule endoscopy. Comput Biol Med 2015; 65:333-47. [PMID: 26299419 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes several approaches for quantitative measurement in capsule endoscopy. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) typically provides wireless imaging of small bowel. Currently, a variety of quantitative measurements are implemented in commercially available hardware/software. The majority is proprietary and hence undisclosed algorithms. Measurement of amount of luminal contamination allows calculating scores from whole VCE studies. Other scores express the severity of small bowel lesions in Crohn׳s disease or the degree of villous atrophy in celiac disease. Image processing with numerous algorithms of textural and color feature extraction is further in the research focuses for automated image analysis. These tools aim to select single images with relevant lesions as blood, ulcers, polyps and tumors or to omit images showing only luminal contamination. Analysis of motility pattern, size measurement and determination of capsule localization are additional topics. Non-visual wireless capsules transmitting data acquired with specific sensors from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are available for clinical routine. This includes pH measurement in the esophagus for the diagnosis of acid gastro-esophageal reflux. A wireless motility capsule provides GI motility analysis on the basis of pH, pressure, and temperature measurement. Electromagnetically tracking of another motility capsule allows visualization of motility. However, measurement of substances by GI capsules is of great interest but still at an early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keuchel
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Glindersweg 80, 21029 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - N Kurniawan
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Glindersweg 80, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Baltes
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Glindersweg 80, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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