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Paul F, Alef M. Variation of rectal temperature in dogs undergoing 3T-MRI in general anesthesia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1156773. [PMID: 37559890 PMCID: PMC10409483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1156773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Managing body temperature during MRI scanning under general anesthesia poses challenges for both human and veterinary patients, as many temperature monitoring devices and patient warming systems are unsuitable for the use inside an MRI scanner. MRI has the potential to cause tissue and body warming, but this effect may be counteracted by the hypothermia induced by general anesthesia and the low ambient temperature usually encountered in scanner rooms. This study aimed to observe temperature variations in dogs undergoing MRI under general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study, client-owned dogs scheduled for 3-Tesla MRI under anesthesia between February and October 2020 at a veterinary teaching hospital were eligible for enrollment. Recorded data included breed, body mass, body condition score, age, fur quality, pre- and post-MRI rectal temperatures, time in the MRI room, scan area and coil used, application of contrast medium, choice of anesthetic agents, use of blankets, and infusion therapy. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS In total 171 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The median body temperature at admission was 38.4°C (IQR 38.1-38.7°C). The median body temperature before MRI was 38.2°C (IQR 37.8-38.6°C), and the median temperature after the MRI scan was 37.7°C (IQR 37.238.2°C) resulting in a median temperature difference (∆T) before and after MRI of - 0.6°C (IQR -0.8--0.1°C). The median duration of MRI scans was 49 min (IQR 38-63 min). A temperature loss of more than 0.1°C was observed in 121 (70.8%) dogs, 29 (16.9%) dogs maintained their temperature within 0.1°C, and 21 (12.3%) dogs experienced a temperature increase of more than 0.1°C. Factors associated with a higher post-MRI temperature included greater body mass, medium or long fur, and the application of α2- receptor-agonists. CONCLUSION Dogs undergoing MRI under general anesthesia are likely to experience temperature loss in the given circumstances. However, in larger dogs and those with much fur, an increase in body temperature is possible and more common than generally anticipated, although clinically insignificant in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Paul
- Department for Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Johnson KA, Sutherland-Smith J, Oura TJ, Sato AF, Barton B. Rapid brain MRI protocols result in comparable differential diagnoses versus a full brain protocol in most canine and feline cases. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:86-94. [PMID: 35969218 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of brain disease in veterinary patients uses a wide variety of MRI sequences. A shortened protocol that maintains consistency of interpretation would reduce radiologist reporting time, patient anesthetic time, and client cost. The aims of this retrospective, methods comparison, observer agreement study were to evaluate whether abbreviated MRI protocols alter differential diagnoses and recommendations compared to our institution's standard protocol; evaluate interobserver agreement on standard brain MRIs; and assess whether differential diagnoses change after postcontrast images. Normal and pathologic canine and feline brain MRIs were retrieved from hospital archives. Three protocols were created from each: a 5-sequence noncontrast enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 1 (FBP1); a 6-sequence contrast-enhanced Fast Brain Protocol 2 (FBP2); and an 11-sequence standard brain protocol (SBP). Three blinded veterinary radiologists interpreted FBP images for 98 cases (1 reader/case) and SBP images for 20 cases (3 readers/case). A fourth observer compared these interpretations to the original MRI reports (OMR). Overall agreement between FBPs and OMR was good (k = 0.75) and comparable to interobserver agreement for multiple reviews of SBP cases. Postcontrast images substantially altered conclusions in 17/97 cases (17.5%), as well as improved interobserver agreement compared to noncontrast studies. The conclusions reached with shortened brain protocols were comparable to those of a full brain study. The findings supported the use of a 6-sequence brain MRI protocol (sagittal T2-weighted [T2w] TSE; transverse T2w turbo spin echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo, T1-weighted spin echo, and diffusion weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient; and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted spin echo) for dogs and cats with suspected intracranial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Sutherland-Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Trisha J Oura
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy F Sato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation St, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Greco A, Meomartino L, Gnudi G, Brunetti A, Di Giancamillo M. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine . Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 10:100467. [PMID: 36570419 PMCID: PMC9768321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, to a lesser extent, Nuclear Medicine (MN) are increasingly used. As we said in the previous article, all the Diagnostic Imaging techniques are actually "indispensable" in Veterinary Medicine, where many patients do not show any symptoms.This second part describes Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine techniques in Veterinary Medicine are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy,Corresponding author.
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Isaac I, Richardson J, Liuti T, Longo M. Safety of intravenous iodinated contrast medium injection in rabbits undergoing conscious computed tomography. Vet Rec Open 2022; 9:e31. [PMID: 35282422 PMCID: PMC8897658 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contrast media in CT is widely used in dogs and cats to provide superior tissue delineation and increase the diagnostic capabilities. These contrast-enhanced imaging techniques are gaining popularity in rabbits; published studies reporting the safety of doing so are lacking. Methods This retrospective observational study aimed to determine the incidence of adverse events following the intravenous administration of iodinated non-ionic contrast medium in 350 rabbits. The medical records of this subset of rabbits admitted between January 2009 and November 2018, that underwent CT examination and received intravenous contrast media, were evaluated. Results From the 350 rabbits, 342 rabbits were still alive 7 days after the scan. A total of eight rabbits died within 7 days of the scan, seven of which within the first 24 h. All deaths were presumed to be sequelae to the diseases they were being investigated for and not thought to be related to the administration of intravenous contrast medium. Conclusions The results indicated that the use of intravenous non-iodinated contrast medium was well tolerated and safe in rabbits undergoing conscious CT examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Isaac
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Jenna Richardson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin InstituteThe University of EdinburghRoslinUK
- Department of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of MilanLodiItaly
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5
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Loomes K. Cardiorespiratory findings during iohexol contrast myelography in horses under total intravenous anaesthesia. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Loomes
- Rainbow Equine Hospital Malton, North Yorkshire UK
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6
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Kneissl S. Grand Challenge in Veterinary Imaging: Nothing Is More Constant Than Change. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:936754. [PMID: 35812874 PMCID: PMC9263969 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.936754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lee M, Ko M, Ahn J, Ahn J, Yu J, Chang J, Oh S, Chang D. Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta and External Iliac Arteries Using Three-Dimensional Time-of-Flight, Three Dimensional Electrocardiograph-Gated Fast Spin-Echo, and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Clinically Healthy Cats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:819627. [PMID: 35782562 PMCID: PMC9249124 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.819627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial thromboembolism is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in cats. Definitive diagnosis requires advanced imaging modalities, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). However, CTA involves exposure to a large amount of ionized radiation, and CE-MRA can cause systemic nephrogenic fibrosis. Non-contrast-enhanced (NE) MRA can help accurately diagnose vascular lesions without such limitations. In this study, we evaluated the ability of NE-MRA using three-dimensional electrocardiograph-gated fast spin-echo (3D ECG-FSE) and 3D time-of-flight (3D TOF) imaging to visualize the aorta and external iliac arteries in clinically healthy cats and compared the results with those obtained using CE-MRA. All 11 cats underwent 3D ECG-FSE, 3D TOF, and CE-MRA sequences. Relative signal intensity (rSI) for quantitative image analysis and image quality scores (IQS) for qualitative image analysis were assessed; the rSI values based on the 3D TOF evaluations were significantly lower than those obtained using 3D ECG-FSE (aorta 3D TOF: 0.57 ± 0.06, aorta 3D ECG-FSE: 0.83 ± 0.06, P < 0.001; external iliac arteries 3D TOF: 0.45 ± 0.06, external iliac arteries 3D ECG-FSE:0.80 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and similar to those obtained using CE-MRA (aorta: 0.58 ± 0.05, external iliac arteries: 0.57 ± 0.03). Moreover, IQS obtained using 3D TOF were significantly higher than those obtained using 3D ECG-FSE (aorta 3D TOF: 3.95 ± 0.15, aorta 3D ECG-FSE: 2.32 ± 0.60, P < 0.001; external iliac arteries 3D ECG-FSE: 3.98 ± 0.08, external iliac arteries 3D ECG-FSE: 2.23 ± 0.56, P < 0.001) and similar to those obtained using CE-MRA (aorta: 3.61 ± 0.41, external iliac arteries: 3.57 ± 0.41). Thus, 3D TOF is more suitable and produces consistent image quality for visualizing the aorta and external iliac arteries in clinically healthy cats and this will be of great help in the diagnosis of FATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Lee
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Minjung Ko
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Ahn
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Jinhwa Chang
- Korea Animal Medical Center, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sukhoon Oh
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dongwoo Chang
- Section of Medical Imaging, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dongwoo Chang
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Prüllage ML, Schwendenwein I, Eberspächer-Schweda E, Kneissl S. Does intravenous contrast medium administration result in altered renal biomarkers? A study in clinically stable cats with and without azotemia. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:565-579. [PMID: 34493101 PMCID: PMC11104225 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211038535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-contrast acute kidney injury or comparable side effects on kidney function in cats receiving the non-ionic, iodinated agent ioversol and/or paramagnetic agent gadoteric acid. METHODS Fifty-two animals were divided into four groups on the basis of contrast medium administration for imaging: ioversol (n = 27), gadoteric acid (n = 12), dual contrast media (n = 4) or control, which received an infusion of isotone intravenous fluids only during anaesthesia (n = 9). Blood and urine samples were obtained three times after contrast administration and compared with values obtained prior to administration of the contrast medium. Creatinine (<1.60 mg/dl), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA; ⩽14 μg/dl), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC; <0.2) and critical differences for creatinine (<0.3 mg/dl) and SDMA (<5.98 μg/dl) were measured. RESULTS No significant short-term effects on mean creatinine, SDMA and UPC measurements were seen. Borderline proteinuria (UPC, 0.2-0.4) was detected in 11.4% of cases after contrast media administration. A UPC of more than 0.2 in five cases indicated that contrast media may affect kidney function, leading to (transient) proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found no side effect on renal function following the administration of ioversol or gadoteric acid, provided patients were adequately hydrated. However, the clinical relevance of proteinuria in some cats needs to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Prüllage
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Clinical Pathology Platform, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Eberspächer-Schweda
- Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care Medicine, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Besuden KT, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Brühschwein A. Computed tomography venography description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb venous system. Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:459-467. [PMID: 35510896 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to provide a description of the normal anatomy of the canine hindlimb veins using helical CT images. The studies of 30 dogs that underwent CT venography with a 64-slice helical CT scanner were retrospectively reviewed. The dogs were positioned in a head-first prone or head-first supine body position. A topogram CT scan was performed from the pelvic limbs cranial to the iliac wings to the tips of the paws. Bolus-tracking software was used for the dual-phase angiogram, and contrast medium was administered in a cephalic vein. The venous phase was scanned after a delay time of a few seconds after the arterial phase in a caudocranial direction. Three-dimensional images were generated using maximum intensity projections and volume rendering technique. Representative images of three of the 30 dogs were selected and anatomic structures labelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Theresia Besuden
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Brühschwein
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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10
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Bartholomew KJ, Loeber SJ, Johnson RA. Anesthesia Case of the Month. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-4. [PMID: 35298407 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.07.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Bartholomew
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Samantha J. Loeber
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rebecca A. Johnson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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11
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Stieger-Vanegas SM, Hanna AL. The Role of Computed Tomography in Imaging Non-neurologic Disorders of the Head in Equine Patients. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:798216. [PMID: 35321060 PMCID: PMC8936190 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.798216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the head in equine patients is now commonly performed as CT scanners are more readily available. Head CT has proven valuable in evaluating spatially complex anatomic structures, where radiographic superimposition, or restricted access via endoscopy or ultrasound, limit complete evaluation of the disease process. Head CT has been demonstrated to be incredibly valuable in the evaluation of dental and paranasal sinus disease, disease of the hyoid apparatus and ear, and in evaluation of skull trauma. CT is an excellent modality for assessment of both osseous and soft tissue structures; however, evaluation of complex vascular anatomy and determination of tissue viability is limited without the use of contrast agents. Therefore, various contrast agent protocols including intravenous and intraarterial iodinated contrast administration techniques have been established. CT also has limitations in the evaluation of brain and spinal cord disease, for which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has major advantages. Head CT images are most commonly evaluated in transverse planes. However, standard multiplanar reconstructions of the head including dorsal and parasagittal planes improve the understanding of spatially complex disease processes. These reconstructions can be crucial for accurate identification of diseased teeth and determination of the extent and severity of osseous and paranasal sinus disease. Head CT examinations are becoming an increasingly important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of horses with head disorders, and CT imaging findings are an important aspect in the clinical decision-making process. The following review discusses the indications, benefits, and technical considerations for the use of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating non-neurologic head pathologies in equine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M. Stieger-Vanegas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Susanne M. Stieger-Vanegas
| | - Ashley L. Hanna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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12
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Hecht S, Cushing AC, Williams-Hagler DA, Craig LE, Thomas WB, Anderson KM, Ramsay EC, Conklin GA. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 50 Captive Non-domestic Felids - Technique and Imaging Diagnoses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827870. [PMID: 35211543 PMCID: PMC8861525 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the recognized gold standard for diagnostic imaging of the central nervous system in human and veterinary patients. Information on the use of this modality and possible imaging abnormalities in captive non-domestic felids is currently limited to individual case reports or small case series. This retrospective study provides information on technique and imaging findings in a cohort of cases undergoing MRI at an academic Veterinary Medical Center. The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine MRI database was searched for non-domestic felids undergoing MRI of the brain or spine from 2008 to 2021. Medical record data were recorded, and MRI studies were reviewed. Fifty animals met the inclusion criteria. The most common brain diseases were Chiari-like malformation (n = 8) and inflammatory conditions (n = 8). Other abnormalities included pituitary lesions (n = 5), brain atrophy (n = 2), and one each of metabolic and traumatic conditions. Fourteen animals had a normal brain MRI study. The most common spinal abnormality was intervertebral disc disease (n = 7). Other disorders included vertebral dysplasia (n = 2), presumptive ischemic myelopathy (n = 1), subdural ossification causing spinal cord compression (n = 1), and multiple myeloma (n = 1). Spinal cord swelling of undetermined cause was suspected in two animals, and seven patients had a normal MRI study of the spine. MRI is a valuable tool in the diagnostic workup of non-domestic felids with presumptive neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Silke Hecht
| | - Andrew C. Cushing
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Linden E. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - William B. Thomas
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Anderson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Edward C. Ramsay
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gordon A. Conklin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Taylor O, Knight R, Genain M, Owen L. Ultrasonography as a sensitive and specific diagnostic modality for the detection of ectopic ureters in urinary incontinent dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:328-336. [PMID: 35064712 PMCID: PMC9306744 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography is a widely available diagnostic modality for the identification of dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia; however published studies detailing its sensitivity and specificity are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, descriptive, diagnostic accuracy study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of ureteral ectopia in incontinent dogs presenting to a referral institution, using cystoscopy as the gold standard. Medical records of urinary incontinent dogs presenting to a single institution (n = 38) were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of ureteric insertion abnormalities and concurrent urinary tract abnormalities. Ultrasonographic findings were compared with those from cystoscopic examination to determine diagnostic accuracy. The relationship between the presence of concurrent urinary tract abnormalities and ureteral ectopia was assessed using an independent samples t‐test and Mann–Whitney test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 95% when identifying dogs with ureteral ectopia. When classifying individual ureters as ectopic or non‐ectopic, sensitivity was 87.8% and specificity was 86.7%. Dogs with ureteral ectopia had significantly more concurrent urinary tract abnormalities on ultrasound than unaffected dogs (P = 0.004). Ectopic ureters were associated with significantly more concurrent ipsilateral upper urinary tract ultrasonographic abnormalities than unaffected ureters (P < 0.001). Ultrasonography performed by an experienced ultrasonographer is a sensitive and specific screening tool for canine ureteral ectopia, which eliminates the need for heavy sedation, general anesthesia, and advanced imaging, although it should not be relied upon as the sole diagnostic modality for the assessment of individual ureters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Taylor
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals Royal Veterinary College Hatfield UK
| | - Rebekah Knight
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Marie‐Aude Genain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
| | - Laura Owen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital Cambridge UK
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Kan J, Milne M, Tyrrell D, Mansfield C. Lean body weight-adjusted intravenous iodinated contrast dose for abdominal CT in dogs reduces interpatient enhancement variability while providing diagnostic quality organ enhancement. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:719-728. [PMID: 35687840 PMCID: PMC9796484 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is increasingly used to screen for abdominal pathology in dogs, and the contrast dose used is commonly calculated as a linear function of total body weight (TBW). Body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting contrast medium (CM) in the blood. This prospective, analytic, cross-section design pilot study aimed to establish the feasibility of intravenous CM dosed according to lean body weight (LBW) for abdominal CECT in dogs compared to TBW. We hypothesized that when dosing intravenous CM according to LBW, studies will remain at diagnostic quality, there will be a reduced interindividual contrast enhancement (CE) variability, and there will be less change to heart rate and blood pressure in dogs compared to when administering CM calculated on TBW. Twelve dogs had two CECT studies with contrast doses according to TBW and LBW at least 8 weeks apart. Interindividual organ and vessel CE variability, diagnostic quality of the studies, and changes in physiological status were compared between protocols. The LBW-based protocol provided less variability in the CE of most organs and vessels (except the aorta). When dosed according to LBW, liver enhancement was positively associated with grams of iodine per kg TBW during the portal venous phase (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in physiological parameters after CM administration between dosing protocols. Our conclusion is that a CM dose based on LBW for abdominal CECT lowers interindividual CE variability and is effective at maintaining studies of diagnostic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marjorie Milne
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dayle Tyrrell
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
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Sun TC, Schier M, Lau MPY, Martinez-Taboada F. Mathematical Models for the Skin to Lumbosacral Epidural Distance in Dogs: A Cadaveric Computed-Tomography Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102974. [PMID: 34679993 PMCID: PMC8532872 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate previously published computed tomography (CT) derived mathematical equations with the true skin to lumbosacral epidural distance (SLED) in dog cadavers. Phase 1: The lumbar region of 11 dog cadavers were scanned in sternal recumbency to determine the effect of cranial, neutral, and caudal pelvic limb positioning on the CT derived lumbosacral epidural distance (CLED). Phase 2: The epidural space was determined using contrast epidurography, and the SLED was analysed against the mathematical equations using a body condition score (BCS) and either the cadaveric occipital-coccygeal length (OCL) (Equation (1): = 7.3 + 0.05*OCL + 16.45*BCS) or the ilium wing distance (IWD) (Equation (2): = 3.5 + 0.56*IWD + 16.6*BCS). There were no differences detected between the pelvic limb positions and the CLED. Both equations demonstrated strong correlations (Equation (1): r = 0.7196; Equation (2): r = 0.7590) with the SLED. The level of agreement was greater for Equation (1) than with Equation (2) (concordance coefficient 0.6061 and 0.3752, respectively). Equation (1) also demonstrated a closer fit to the concordance line compared with Equation (2) (bias correction factor 0.8422 and 0.4960, respectively). Further studies in live anaesthetised dogs will help to determine the usefulness of the pre-procedural knowledge when performing lumbosacral epidurals.
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Alterations of Serum Biochemical and Urinary Parameters in a Canine Population before and after Intravenous Contrast Administration. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8080146. [PMID: 34437469 PMCID: PMC8402808 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous iodinated contrast (IVIC) medium is routinely administered to dogs. Scattered information exists regarding the serum biochemical or urinary profiles associated with the administration of IVIC in dogs. The aim of the study was to describe, compare, and discuss from the perspective of previous studies the alterations in serum biochemical and urinary parameters before (T0) and within one week (T1) of the IVIC administration during routine computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation of 22 dogs. Mature dogs presenting for CT scan evaluation for preoperative oncology staging/surgical planning were included. T1 evaluation was performed within one week of IVIC administration. Statistically significant differences in serum total protein, albumin, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations, urine protein to creatinine ratio, and urine specific gravity were found between T1 and T0. At T1, the serum creatinine concentration was within reference ranges in all dogs but one. An increase in the urine protein to creatinine ratio was observed in four samples, one of which was non-proteinuric at T0. Changes in biochemistry and urine parameters between T0 and T1 were not considered clinically significant.
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17
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McCready JE, Gardhouse SM, Appleby R, Beaufrěre H. Mortality rate of birds following intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium for computed tomography. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 259:77-83. [PMID: 34125610 DOI: 10.2460/javma.259.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential risk factors for death following IV or intraosseous (IO) administration of contrast medium in birds undergoing CT scans. ANIMALS 120 birds that underwent 134 contrast-enhanced CT scans. PROCEDURES Medical records of birds of any species that underwent a CT scan which included administration of nonionic iodinated contrast medium from June 2013 to February 2020 were included. Information on birds and use of contrast medium was extracted from the medical records as well as information on deaths following IV or IO administration of contrast medium. RESULTS 6 birds died shortly following administration of contrast medium. Necropsies were performed in 3 birds (2 cockatiels and 1 macaw), and all had lesions associated with the respiratory tract. When body weight was used as a binary variable to compare odds of death between small birds (≤ 150 g [0.33 lb]) and large birds (> 150 g), small birds had a 97-fold increased odds (OR, 97.5; 95% CI, 9.8 to 966.0) of dying following contrast medium administration. Following 131 CT scans with contrast medium administration (3 scans were excluded because of perivascular or subcutaneous leakage of contract medium), small birds had a mortality rate of 45.4% (5/11), compared with a mortality rate of 0.8% (1/120) for large (> 150 g) birds. Other variables (ie, sex, age, anesthesia or sedation, sedation protocol, and type of contrast medium) were not significantly associated with death after contrast medium administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although the administration of contrast medium cannot be conclusively confirmed as the cause of death in these birds, the high mortality rate for small birds coupled with the temporality of the event following contrast medium administration justifies the cautious use of contrast medium in small sick psittacine birds.
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18
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Frias JM, Michou J, Fadda A. Chlorphenamine for prolonged drug‐induced extrapyramidal side effects in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Miguel Frias
- Neurology and NeurosurgeryRoyal Veterinary College ‐ Hawkshead CampusHatfieldUK
- Neurology and NeurosurgeryLumbry Park Veterinary SpecialistsAltonUK
| | - Joanne Michou
- AnaesthesiaLumbry Park Veterinary SpecialistsAltonUK
| | - Angela Fadda
- Neurology and NeurosurgeryLumbry Park Veterinary SpecialistsAltonUK
- Neurology and NeurosurgeryLangford Veterinary ServicesBristolUK
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19
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Tamogi H, Itami T, Hori A, Oyama N, Sano T, Yamashita K. ST segment depression and ventricular fibrillation in a dog after contrast agent administration. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1714-1718. [PMID: 32963179 PMCID: PMC7719872 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old Toy Poodle underwent a computed tomography examination with contrast (iohexol) enhancement under anesthesia. Heart rate and R-wave amplitude on electrocardiogram (ECG) increased 2.5 min after iohexol administration, and end-tidal carbon dioxide decreased to 12 mmHg. A progressive ST segment depression was observed on ECG. Subsequently, the ECG waveform changed to ventricular fibrillation. However, spontaneous circulation returned following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Myocardial ischemia or anaphylactic shock was suspected in the dog, which explains the ST segment depression observed on ECG. When performing radiological examinations with a contrast agent, the ECG waveform changes, such as an increase in heart rate, R-wave amplitude, or ST segment depression, should be carefully monitored. This might enable early detection of cardiac dysfunction and the ensuing cardiac arrest in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tamogi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takaharu Itami
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ai Hori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Norihiko Oyama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamashita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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20
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Tucker PK, Macfarlane P. Severe bronchoconstriction as part of a suspected anaphylactic reaction in a dog following administration of gadobutrol. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Devriendt N, Velde N, Stock E, Bakker E, Rooster H. Suspected haemorrhagic cystitis in a dog as delayed complication after contrast‐enhanced computed tomography. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Norbert Velde
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Small Animal OrthopaedicsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Evelien Bakker
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Small Animal OrthopaedicsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Hilde Rooster
- Small Animal DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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22
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McNally JS, Jaffey JA, Kim SE, Alexander MD, Shumway KL, Cohn LA, Parker DL, Day RW. Methemoglobin Modulation as an Intravascular Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Proof of Concept. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:416. [PMID: 32039242 PMCID: PMC6988812 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this feasibility study was to investigate methemoglobin modulation in vivo as a potential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gadolinium based contrast agent (GBCA) alternative. Recently, gadolinium tissue deposition was identified and safety concerns were raised after adverse effects were discovered in canines and humans. Because of this, alternative contrast agents are warranted. One potential alternative is methemoglobinemia induction, which can create T1-weighted signal in vitro. Canines with hereditary methemoglobinemia represent a unique opportunity to investigate methemoglobin modulation. Our objective was to determine if methemoglobinemia could create high intravascular T1-signal in vivo with reversal using methylene blue. Methods: To accomplish this study, a 1.5-year-old male-castrated mixed breed canine with hereditary methemoglobinemia underwent 3T-MRI/MRA with T1-weighted sequences including 3D-T1-weighted Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echo (MPRAGE) and 3D-Time-Of-Flight (TOF). Images were acquired during baseline methemoglobinemia and rescued using intravenous methylene blue (1 mg/kg). Intravascular T1-signal was compared between baseline methemoglobinemia and post-methylene blue. N = 10 separate T1-signal measurements were acquired for each vascular structure, normalized to muscle. Significance was determined using paired two-tailed t-tests and threshold alpha = 0.05. Fold-change was also calculated using the ratio of T1-signal between methemoglobinemia and post-methylene blue states. Results: At baseline, methemoglobin levels measured 19.5% and decreased to 4.9% after methylene blue. On 3D-T1-weighted MPRAGE, visible signal change was present in internal vertebral venous plexus (IVVP, 1.34 ± 0.09 vs. 0.83 ± 0.05, p < 0.001, 1.62 ± 0.06-fold) and external jugular veins (1.54 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06, p < 0.001, 1.78 ± 0.10-fold). There was also significant change in ventral spinal arterial signal (1.21 ± 0.11 vs. 0.79 ± 0.07, p < 0.001, 1.54 ± 0.16-fold) but not in carotid arteries (2.12 ± 0.10 vs. 2.16 ± 0.11, p = 0.07, 0.98 ± 0.03-fold). On 3D-TOF, visible signal change was in IVVP (1.64 ± 0.14 vs. 1.09 ± 0.11, p < 0.001, 1.50 ± 0.11-fold) and there was moderate change in external jugular vein signal (1.51 ± 0.13 vs. 1.19 ± 0.08, p < 0.001, 1.27 ± 0.07-fold). There were also small but significant differences in ventral spinal arterial signal (2.00 ± 0.12 vs. 1.78 ± 0.10, p = 0.002, 1.13 ± 0.10-fold) but not carotid arteries (2.03 ± 0.17 vs. 1.99 ± 0.17, p = 0.15, 1.02 ± 0.04-fold). Conclusion: Methemoglobin modulation produces intravascular contrast on T1-weighted MRI in vivo. Additional studies are warranted to optimize methemoglobinemia induction, sequence parameters for maximal tissue contrast, and safety parameters prior to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott McNally
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew D Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kate L Shumway
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ronald W Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Argano M, Hewetson M, Kiviranta AM, Larenza Menzies MP. Seizure-like activity after gadolinium administration in an anaesthetised foal undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of MRI has been recently increasing in veterinary patients, and this modality has been adapted for use in large animals with the concurrent use of gadolinium-based contrast media. Possible adverse reactions to its administration have been described in human and veterinary medicine, but there are no reports in foals. This case report describes the occurrence of seizure-like activity following administration of gadolinium to a 1.5-month old Finnish warmblood foal that was admitted for an MRI scan and cerebral spinal fluid collection. After the administration of contrast media, severe muscle twitching was observed. Prompt intervention, facilitated by constant patient monitoring and administration of propofol and diazepam, resulted in the control of the seizure and a favourable outcome. Since no alterations were found during the diagnostic investigation, it was suspected that the seizure-like activity might have been an adverse reaction to the contrast medium.
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24
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Boehm I, Nairz K, Morelli J, Silva Hasembank Keller P, Heverhagen JT. General anaesthesia for patients with a history of a contrast medium-induced anaphylaxis: a useful prophylaxis? Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20160647. [PMID: 28876979 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced radiological examinations are important diagnostic tools in modern medicine. Currently, all approved and available iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents are safe and well-tolerated by most patients. However, approximately 2% of patients receiving iodinated contrast media exhibit hypersensitivity reactions. Patients with a history of such a reaction are at increased risk upon reexposure. Therefore, they are subjected to a prophylaxis such as injection of antiallergy drugs or general anaesthesia. The latter procedure is expensive, can burden the patients organism, and besides lacks objective verification. Therefore, the purpose of our review paper is to present and discuss the background and the previous practice, as well as to provide a proposal for a safe individual patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Boehm
- 1 Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,2 Radiology Laboratory, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Knud Nairz
- 1 Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John Morelli
- 3 Department of Radiology, St. John's Medical Center Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Johannes Thomas Heverhagen
- 1 Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,2 Radiology Laboratory, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Nelson BB, Goodrich LR, Barrett MF, Grinstaff MW, Kawcak CE. Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:410-424. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Nelson
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - L. R. Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. F. Barrett
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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26
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Adami C, Gendron K. What is the evidence? The issue of verifying correct needle position during epidural anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:212-218. [PMID: 28215814 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the methods for verifying the needle position while performing epidural anaesthesia in dogs, and to discuss the advantages, disadvantages, usefulness and reliability of each technique in the experimental and clinical research setting. DATABASES USED PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Basel University Library online catalogues; the latter, which was provided by the University of Berne, were used as databases. The results were filtered manually based on the titles and abstracts in order to narrow the field. CONCLUSIONS Besides some drawbacks, including the potential side effects of contrast medium injection, which may limit its routine use in clinical patients, epidurography should still be regarded as one of the most reliable techniques to verify needle position in dogs. Ultrasonography, electrical nerve stimulation, loss of resistance and the hanging drop technique are regarded as less invasive than epidurography and, for this reason, their use may be more applicable to clinical patients. However, these methods have been described in only a few published reports, all of which involved a limited number of dogs. Finally, the detection of epidural pressure waves has been investigated more extensively in dogs, and the findings of these studies suggest that this technique may be used to verify epidural needle placement for experimental and clinical research, on condition that all the negative subjects are excluded from the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Adami
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Karine Gendron
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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