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Kessler EC, Bruckmaier RM, Gross JJ. Kidney function, but not nitrogen excretion differs between Brown Swiss and Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00958-5. [PMID: 38908706 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Brown Swiss (BS) cows have greater urea concentrations in milk and blood compared with Holstein (HO) cows. We tested the hypothesis that BS and HO cows differ in kidney function and nitrogen excretion. Blood, saliva, urine, and feces were sampled in 31 multiparous BS and 46 HO cows kept under identical feeding and management conditions. Samples were collected at different lactational stages after the monthly DHIA control test-day. To test the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urea excretion, concentrations of creatinine and urea were measured in serum, urine, and saliva. As an additional marker to estimate GFR, we determined symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in serum. Feces were analyzed for dry matter content and nitrogen concentration. Data on milk urea and protein concentrations, and daily milk yield were obtained from the monthly DHIA test-day records. The effects of breed, time, and parity number on blood, saliva, urine, feces, and milk parameters were evaluated with the GLM procedure with breed, time, and parity number as fixed effects. Differences between BS and HO were assessed by the Tukey-corrected t-test at P < 0.05. Concentrations of urea, creatinine, and SDMA in serum, were greater in BS than in HO cows (P < 0.01): 5.46 ± 0.19 vs 4.72 ± 0.13 mmol/L (urea), 105.96 ± 2.23 vs 93.07 ± 1.50 mmol/l (creatinine), and 16.78 ± 0.69 vs 13.39 ± 0.44 µg/dL (SDMA). We observed a greater urea concentration in BS cows (25.8 ± 0.7 vs 21.8 ± 0.7 mg/dL) and protein content in milk (3.70 ± 0.08 vs 3.45 ± 0.07%) than in HO cows (P < 0.01). Urea and creatinine concentrations in urine and saliva did not differ among breeds. No differences between BS and HO were observed for milk yield, fecal DM, and fecal nitrogen content. Dry matter intake and body weight were similar in BS and HO cows (P > 0.05). Despite greater urea, creatinine, and SDMA concentrations in blood as well as a higher milk urea content in BS compared with HO, respective concentrations in urine did not differ between breeds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a lower renal GFR in BS compared with HO cows, thereby contributing to the greater plasma urea concentration in BS cows. However, estimation of nitrogen excretion via milk, urine, and feces does not entirely reflect nitrogen turnover within the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Kessler
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J J Gross
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Ekici M, Koçkaya M, Baş-Ekici H. The influence of sex and age on bone turnover markers in the adult to geriatric Kangal shepherd dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:353-359. [PMID: 36740233 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this research was to learn more about bone metabolism in intact female and male Kangal shepherd dogs during the aging process following skeletal maturity. It also evaluated the potential application of biochemical bone indicators in veterinary clinical practice. METHODS Bone markers were determined as bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) in this study. Kangal shepherd dogs of different age (adult, senior, and geriatric) and sex (male and female) groups were split into six groups of equal numbers (n = 8/group). RESULTS In this study, the effect of age was observed on serum BALP, OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations. Specifically, BALP was highest in geriatric female Kangal shepherd dogs, while serum OC, CTX, and ICTP concentrations were highest in geriatric male Kangal shepherd dogs. However, no effects of sex and age-sex interactions were identified. Moreover, the effects of age, sex, and age-sex interactions had no significant effect on serum creatinine, CK, LDH, Mg, and P concentrations or ALT activities. However, only sex was found to affect serum AST activities and gradually decreased with age in females. The effect of age and age-sex interactions on serum Ca concentrations was significant (the lowest serum Ca concentrations were in geriatric females), but the effect of sex was not. CONCLUSIONS These results show the effect of age and sex on bone turnover in Kangal shepherd dogs and provide information about bone biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ekici
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Koçkaya
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hacer Baş-Ekici
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Selçuk University, Health Sciences Institute, Konya, Turkey
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Montoya Navarrete AL, Quezada Tristán T, Lozano Santillán S, Ortiz Martínez R, Valdivia Flores AG, Martínez Martínez L, De Luna López MC. Effect of age, sex, and body size on the blood biochemistry and physiological constants of dogs from 4 wk. to > 52 wk. of age. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:265. [PMID: 34362371 PMCID: PMC8349075 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02976-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood biochemistry and reference intervals help to differentiate between healthy and ill dogs as well as to provide information for the prognosis, evaluation, and monitoring; however, these intervals are often obtained from adult animals. It is essential to understand that puppies and adults are physiologically different, which justifies the need to obtain age-specific biochemical reference intervals. The aim of this research was to assess the potential effect of age, sex, body size, and their interaction on routine biochemical analytes and physiological constants (body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate). To carry out the research, we selected 197 healthy dogs of both sexes and different body sizes (small, medium and large) classified by age: group I (4-8 wk), group II (9-24 wk), group III (25-52 wk), and group IV (> 52 wk). The biochemical analysis included the measurement of the enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulins, glucose, urea, and creatinine. Statistical analyses used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a general linear model (GLM), which allows the comparison of multiple factors at two or more levels (p < 0.05). RESULTS The results of this study showed that ALT, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, and body temperature levels were lower in puppies than in adult dogs of group IV (p < 0.05), while the enzymatic activity of ALP, LDH, glucose concentration, and heart rate were higher. Whereas sex, body size and the interaction did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Some biochemical components are influenced by age. For this reason, this manuscript contributes with additional data for the clinical interpretation of blood biochemical results in puppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Montoya Navarrete
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Teódulo Quezada Tristán
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Lozano Santillán
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Raúl Ortiz Martínez
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Arturo Gerardo Valdivia Flores
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Martínez Martínez
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - María Carolina De Luna López
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, La Posta Zootécnica, Jesús María, C.P.20908, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on hematology, blood chemistry, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:200-208. [PMID: 33684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines are antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Effects on the immune system and inflammatory response, including effects on blood leukocytes proliferation and function and in cytokines synthesis, have been described. Chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) have lost their antimicrobial activity, but maintain these other properties. This study analyzes the effect of chemically modified tetracycline-8 (CMT-8) on the evolution of complete blood count, blood chemistry, the mRNA expression of selected cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations distribution in healthy dogs. CMT-8 at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily was administered per os to six healthy dogs. A control group of five healthy dogs, living in the same conditions than dogs treated with CMT-8, received placebo with an identical therapeutic regimen. When given at the doses used in this study, no side effects of CMT-8 were detected, suggesting a good tolerance and a limited toxicity of the drug. Dogs treated with CMT-8 showed a gradual increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The administration of CMT-8 in healthy dogs did not affect blood mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40 and IL-13. However, the lymphocytes expressing class II MHC on their surface decreased during the first two weeks of CMT-8 treatment and subsequently increased for the next three months. Considering the absence of antimicrobial properties of the drug, the effects of CMT-8 detected in this study seem to be unrelated to the classical antimicrobial activity attributed to tetracyclines.
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Sargent HJ, Elliott J, Jepson RE. The new age of renal biomarkers: does SDMA solve all of our problems? J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:71-81. [PMID: 33184865 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Within clinical small animal practice, diagnosis of both chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury is common. To assess renal function, measurement of glomerular filtration rate is considered the gold standard. Currently, routine tests of kidney function include surrogate markers of glomerular filtration rate such as serum creatinine, and urea, each with their own limitations, whilst urine protein to creatinine ratio gives an indication of glomerular and tubular handling of protein, and urine specific gravity information about urine concentrating ability by the kidney. These parameters are used together with historical and physical examination data to give a diagnosis of kidney disease following which creatinine, proteinuria and blood pressure are used to stage chronic kidney disease and, together with urine output, grade acute kidney injury according to the International Renal Interest Society. However, there has been much concern that creatinine is insensitive when used to indicate early decline in renal function and this has highlighted the need for additional methods of diagnosing and monitoring these patients, with the potential to allow earlier therapeutic intervention. Symmetric dimethylarginine is a novel biomarker, which has been shown to perform as a surrogate marker of glomerular filtration rate in small animals. This article will review current research on symmetric dimethylarginine and the ways in which it may be utilised in small animal practice; current research supports the use of symmetric dimethylarginine as a screening test for detection of early chronic kidney disease according to International Renal Interest Society guidelines, but further research is required in to the usefulness of symmetric dimethylarginine as a tool for monitoring disease and the effect of non-renal influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Sargent
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - R E Jepson
- Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
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Yeh SY, Sung CH, Lin TL, Cheng TL, Chou CC. The effects of crossbreeding, age, and sex on erythrocyte indices and biochemical variables in crossbred pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 48:469-480. [PMID: 31556159 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) breeds exist, and the pet rabbit population consists of a variety of pure- and crossbred animals. However, the reference intervals (RIs) for rabbits are limited by outdated methods and a single-breed source. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish more complete, updated erythrocytic and biochemical RIs for the crossbred pet rabbit population to improve routine diagnostic accuracy in clinical practice, and to examine the effects of crossbreeding on erythrocytic and biochemical parameters. METHODS Blood specimens were collected from 85 clinically healthy crossbred pet rabbits representing a wide range of breeds. RIs for the erythrocyte indices and 12 chemistry analytes were determined as recommended by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The results were compared with four widely used RIs. Age and sex differences for all variables were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The results diverged from the RIs for New Zealand white rabbits, indicating that not all RIs from this species are appropriate for use in exotic animal practices. Breed-associated variations were evident for aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose, while crossbreed effects were found for total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, and phosphate. Statistically significant differences and clinical relevance among age groups were detected for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and creatinine. CONCLUSIONS Establishing RIs specifically for crossbred pet rabbits is desirable for clinicians treating pet rabbits of various breeds and ages. Age-specific RIs for this population warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Yu Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Lu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Li Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Gomez-Fernandez-Blanco C, Peeters D, Moyse E, Farnir F, Höglund K, Gouni V, Wiberg M, Lundgren Willesen J, Hanås S, McEntee K, Tiret L, Häggström J, Lohi H, Chetboul V, Fredholm M, Seppälä EH, Lequarré AS, Merveille AC. Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:582-588. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katja Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Vassiliki Gouni
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Maria Wiberg
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Sofia Hanås
- Evidensia Animal Clinic Västerås; Västerås Sweden
| | | | - Laurent Tiret
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - Jens Häggström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Valérie Chetboul
- U955 - IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort; Maisons-Alfort France
| | | | - Eija H Seppälä
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Pelander L, Häggström J, Ley CJ, Ljungvall I. Cardiac Troponin I and Amino-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Dogs With Stable Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:805-813. [PMID: 28370332 PMCID: PMC5435054 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased concentrations of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in dogs with azotemia have been documented. Knowledge of mechanisms behind increased concentrations of cardiac biomarkers in dogs with azotemia is warranted for correct interpretation of test results. Objectives The aim of the article was to investigate possible associations between plasma concentrations of cTnI and NT‐proBNP, respectively, and patient characteristics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a plasma volume factor (PVF) derived from scintigraphic examination (PVf), systolic blood pressure (SBP), selected hematologic and biochemical variables, and echocardiographic measurements in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in healthy dogs. Animals Fifty student‐, staff‐, and client‐owned dogs were included. Twenty‐three of the dogs were healthy and 27 were diagnosed with CKD. Methods In this cross‐sectional observational study, dogs with a previous diagnosis of CKD and healthy control dogs were included. At inclusion, all dogs were characterized by physical examination, repeated blood pressure measurements, complete urinalysis, hematology and biochemistry panel, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound examination of the entire urinary tract, and scintigraphic examination for measurement of GFR. Results Plasma volume factor and PCV were independently associated with NT‐proBNP (Radj2 = 0.42; P < .0001). Age, body weight (BW), and SBP were independently associated with cTnI (Radj2 = 0.50; P < .0001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Neither NT‐proBNP nor cTnI concentrations were independently associated with measured GFR. Thus, findings were not suggestive of passive accumulation of either marker, suggesting that increased circulating concentrations of cTnI and NT‐proBNP can be interpreted similarly in dogs with stable CKD as in dogs without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C J Ley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Radakovich LB, Truelove MP, Pannone SC, Olver CS, Santangelo KS. Clinically healthy overweight and obese dogs differ from lean controls in select CBC and serum biochemistry values. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:221-226. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Radakovich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Matthew P. Truelove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Stephen C. Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Christine S. Olver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO USA
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10
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Radakovich LB, Pannone SC, Truelove MP, Olver CS, Santangelo KS. Hematology and biochemistry of aging-evidence of "anemia of the elderly" in old dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:34-45. [PMID: 28195648 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of aging on hematologic and biochemical variables are well described in people. Anemia of the elderly is attributed to iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, chronic kidney disease, myelodysplasia, or idiopathic causes. Limited studies have examined these variables in aging dogs, but they have typically examined single breeds in research settings. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify differences in CBC and biochemistry values between adult and aged dogs of many breeds. METHODS Dogs presenting for wellness examinations and minor dental/elective surgeries that were otherwise clinically healthy were retrospectively identified. Dogs were categorized by age: adult (1-7.9 years), senior (8-11.9 years), and geriatric (12+ years). Standard CBC and biochemistry data were collated. Asian breeds, Greyhounds, and dogs with data indicating overt underlying disease were excluded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare groups with statistical significance set at P ≤ .05. RESULTS Hematocrit, MCV, and serum iron decreased with age, indicating possible iron-restricted erythropoiesis (IRE), due to iron deficiency or low-grade chronic inflammation. Total proteins, globulins, and platelet counts increased with age while albumin decreased, suggesting low-grade inflammation. Urea was increased in older dogs without a concurrent increase in creatinine, which points toward gastrointestinal bleeding or dehydration. CONCLUSION Clinically healthy, aging dogs have changes in laboratory variables that indicate altered physiologies compared to younger adult animals, including evidence of IRE, inflammation, and potential gastrointestinal bleeding, suggesting a similar trend to that of elderly human beings. Future studies will examine markers of iron metabolism and inflammation in aging dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Radakovich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stephen C Pannone
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthew P Truelove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Christine S Olver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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11
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Friedrichs KR. Can evidence-based medicine be applied to the theory of reference intervals? Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:529-530. [PMID: 27977058 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Friedrichs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
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13
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Höglund K, Lequarré AS, Ljungvall I, Mc Entee K, Merveille AC, Wiberg M, Gouni V, Lundgren Willesen J, Hanås S, Wess G, Mejer Sørensen L, Tiret L, Kierczak M, Forsberg SKG, Seppälä E, Lindblad-Toh K, Lohi H, Chetboul V, Fredholm M, Häggström J. Effect of Breed on Plasma Endothelin-1 Concentration, Plasma Renin Activity, and Serum Cortisol Concentration in Healthy Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:566-73. [PMID: 26812988 PMCID: PMC4913606 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are breed differences in several blood variables in healthy dogs. OBJECTIVE Investigate breed variation in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) concentration, plasma renin activity, and serum cortisol concentration. ANIMALS Five-hundred and thirty-one healthy dogs of 9 breeds examined at 5 centers (2-4 breeds/center). METHODS Prospective observational study. Circulating concentrations of ET-1 and cortisol, and renin activity, were measured using commercially available assays. Absence of organ-related or systemic disease was ensured by thorough clinical investigations, including blood pressure measurement, echocardiography, ECG, blood and urine analysis. RESULTS Median ET-1 concentration was 1.29 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.97-1.82) pg/mL, median cortisol concentration 46.0 (IQR, 29.0-80.8) nmol/L, and median renin activity 0.73 (IQR, 0.48-1.10) ng/mL/h in all dogs. Overall, breed differences were found in ET-1 and cortisol concentrations, and renin activity (P < .0001 for all). Pair-wise comparisons between breeds differed in 67% of comparisons for ET-1, 22% for cortisol, and 19% for renin activity, respectively. Within centers, breed differences were found at 5/5 centers for ET-1, 4/5 centers for cortisol, and 2/5 centers for renin activity. Newfoundlands had highest median ET-1 concentration, 3 times higher than Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Doberman Pinschers, and Dachshunds. Median renin activity was highest in Dachshunds, twice the median value in Newfoundlands and Boxers. Median cortisol concentration was highest in Finnish Lapphunds, almost 3 times higher than in Boxers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Breed variation might be important to take into consideration when interpreting test results in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Höglund
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-S Lequarré
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I Ljungvall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Mc Entee
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A-C Merveille
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Wiberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Gouni
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 3, Créteil, France
| | - J Lundgren Willesen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Hanås
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Evidensia Animal Clinic, Västerås, Sweden
| | - G Wess
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - L Mejer Sørensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Tiret
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955 IMRB, Equipe 10 BNMS, Créteil, France
| | - M Kierczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S K G Forsberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Seppälä
- University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Lindblad-Toh
- Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - H Lohi
- University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V Chetboul
- Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 3, Créteil, France
| | - M Fredholm
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Häggström
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pelander L, Ljungvall I, Egenvall A, Syme H, Elliott J, Häggström J. Incidence of and mortality from kidney disease in over 600,000 insured Swedish dogs. Vet Rec 2015; 176:656. [PMID: 25940343 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Knowledge about the epidemiology of kidney disease in the dog population is valuable and large-scale epidemiological studies are needed. The aim of the present study was to use insurance data to estimate kidney-related morbidity and mortality in the Swedish dog population. Insurance company data from insured dogs during the years 1995-2006 were studied retrospectively. Incidence and mortality were calculated for the whole group of dogs as well as divided by sex and breed. The total number of veterinary care insured dogs was 665,245. The total incidence of kidney disease in this group of dogs was 15.8 (15.3-16.2) cases/10,000 dog-years at risk. The number of dogs in the life insurance was 548,346 and in this group the total kidney-related mortality was 9.7 (9.3-10.2) deaths/10,000 dog-years at risk. The three breeds with the highest incidence of kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, miniature schnauzer and boxer. The three breeds with the highest mortality caused by kidney disease were the Bernese mountain dog, Shetland sheepdog and flat-coated retriever. In conclusion, the epidemiological information provided in this study concerning kidney disease in dogs can provide valuable information for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Egenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Syme
- Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, UK
| | - J Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - J Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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