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Jackson HA, Dembele V. Conducting a successful diet trial for the diagnosis of food allergy in dogs and cats. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38956779 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A limited antigen diet trial and subsequent food provocation is currently the optimal method of confirming a diagnosis of food allergy in dogs and cats. However, performing an effective diet trial can be challenging as it requires a high level of client and pet compliance, appropriate diet selection and correct interpretation of the provocative challenge. This narrative guides the clinician through the process, highlights potential pitfalls and specifies how these can be avoided to achieve a successful outcome.
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Noli C, Varina A, Barbieri C, Pirola A, Olivero D. Analysis of Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways before and after a 2-Month-Long Hydrolyzed Fish and Rice Starch Hypoallergenic Diet Trial in Pruritic Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:478. [PMID: 37505882 PMCID: PMC10384699 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota alterations were described in allergic individuals and may improve with diets. Farmina Ultra Hypo (FUH), a hydrolyzed fish/rice starch hypoallergenic diet, is able to improve clinical signs in allergic dogs. Study objectives were to determine microbiota differences in allergic dogs before and after feeding with FUH for eight weeks. Forty skin allergic dogs were evaluated clinically before and after the diet. Unresponsive dogs were classified as canine atopic dermatitis (CAD); responsive dogs relapsing after challenge with previous foods were classified as being food reactive (AFR), and those not relapsing as doubtful (D). Sequencing of feces collected pre- and post-diet was performed, with comparisons between and within groups, pre- and post-diet, and correlations to possible altered metabolic pathways were sought. Microbiota in all dogs was dominated by Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, albeit with large interindividual variations and with some prevalence changes after the diet. In general, bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids were increased in all samples. CAD dogs showed pre-and post-diet microbiota patterns different from the other two groups. Bacteria taxa were enriched post-diet only in the AFR group. Changes in metabolic pathways were observed mainly in the CAD group. FUH may be able to improve intestinal microbiota and thus clinical signs of skin allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016 Peveragno, Italy
| | - Antonella Varina
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Varina-Ghidella-Scarfone, Via Fréjus 54, 10139 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Olivero
- Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie BiEsseA Scilvet, Via Amedeo d'Aosta 7, 20129 Milano, Italy
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Shimakura H, Nasukawa T, Uchiyama J, Sugimoto R, Imanishi I, Oota S, Mizukami K, Fujimura M, Sakaguchi M. IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1509-1512. [PMID: 34373420 PMCID: PMC8569881 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112
dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific
IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein,
bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%,
39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with
CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled
serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it.
Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for
predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Shimakura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Tadahiro Nasukawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Jumpei Uchiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Ryosuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Sumire Oota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | - Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
| | | | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology I, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University
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Noli C, Beltrando G. The usefulness of a hydrolysed fish and rice starch elimination diet for the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in cats: an open clinical trial. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:326-e90. [PMID: 34033172 PMCID: PMC8361712 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of adverse food reaction (AFR) is based on an eight week elimination diet (ED) and is confirmed by relapse upon re-challenge with the previously fed diet. Hydrolysed EDs are commonly used for this purpose. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the commercially available hydrolysed fish protein and rice starch ED Farmina UltraHypo (FUH) for the diagnosis of feline AFR. ANIMALS Thirty-two nonseasonally pruritic cats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Pruritus was assessed with a new dual Visual Analog Scale, lesions with the Scoring Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale and Quality of Life with a validated questionnaire on days 0 and 56. Short-acting corticosteroids or oclacitinib were permitted during the first six weeks. Cats showing 50% pruritus and/or lesional improvement were separately challenged with their prior diet, fish and rice. Cats not responding to the study diet were fed another hydrolysed diet for two months. RESULTS Twenty-five cats completed the ED: four dropped out due to vomiting and/or diarrhoea, one owing to low palatability and two were lost to follow-up. In 17 cats, pruritus improved by >50% and these underwent dietary challenges. Of these, nine reacted to their prior diet and/or fish and/or rice and were diagnosed with AFR, while eight did not relapse (and a diagnosis of AFR was considered to be doubtful). Of the eight cats in which pruritus did not improve, four underwent a second ED with no improvement. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE FUH may be a useful ED for the diagnosis of feline AFR, even in cats reacting to fish or rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Noli
- Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, Peveragno (CN), 12016, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beltrando
- Student Veterinary Faculty, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), 10095, Italy
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Cong Y, Li Y, Li L. Immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G cross-reactive allergens and epitopes between cow milk α S1-casein and soybean proteins. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9815-9824. [PMID: 32896409 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Some infants allergic to cow milk-based formula are also sensitive to soybean-based formula. This paper aimed to explore the association of IgE and IgG cross-reactivity between αS1-casein in cow milk (CM) and soybean proteins. The IgE and IgG cross-reactive allergens and epitopes were identified using sera from infants allergic to CM or mice monoclonal antibodies. The AA sequence alignment was performed using bioinformatics software. Finally, the digestion and heating stability of the cross-reactive allergen were explored by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the IgE and IgG cross-reactive allergen was α subunit of β-conglycinin named Gly m Bd 60K. The IgE and IgG epitopes were the sequences at AA 319-341 and AA 164-182. No intact Gly m Bd 60K allergen could be observed after 2 min in simulated gastric fluid by SDS-PAGE. Heating did not change IgE and IgG cross-reactivity by Western blotting. Therefore, the existence of cross-reactivity between CM αS1-casein and soybean proteins possibly contributes to the frequently observed cosensitization for these allergens in cow milk-allergic patients. The same IgE- and IgG-binding epitopes of cross-reactive allergens may provide important information for elucidation of the association between IgG and IgE antibody generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Cong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China.
| | - Ye Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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Forsyth J, Halliwell RE, Harrand R. Co-reactivity between related and unrelated environmental allergens in equine allergen-specific IgE serology testing in the UK. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:544-e165. [PMID: 31464011 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of environmental allergens in horses with allergic disease facilitates allergen avoidance and targeted immunotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate allergenic co-reactivity between 44 environmental allergens. ANIMALS Horses with suspected allergic disease (n = 344) whose sera were submitted for environmental allergen testing. METHODS AND MATERIALS Allergen-specific IgE serological assays were performed using 44 allergens divided into six taxonomically related groups: house dust/storage mites, moulds, insects, grass, tree and weed pollens. Using pairwise comparisons, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each environmental pair to determine if there was increased or decreased likelihood of a positive result for one allergen, given a positive result to another. The OR significance was set (using Holm-Bonferroni correction) at P < 0.00006 for all horses (n = 344) and P < 0.00005 for horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239). Using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests (significance at P < 0.05), differences in mean log e ORs between three groups, taxonomically related allergens with a statistically significant association (related-associated), related allergens lacking a significant association (related-nonassociated) and unrelated allergens were tested. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found between both related and unrelated allergen pairs, the former being more frequent. For all horses (n = 344) and horses with at least one positive reaction (n = 239), co-reactivity ranged from 100% (grasses) to 0% (moulds). The weeds group was exceptional in having more co-reactions with another group (grasses). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Co-reactivity was shown within and between certain related allergen groups. Further studies are required to determine whether this is the result of antigenic cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Forsyth
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Richard E Halliwell
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Harrand
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
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Pucheu-Haston CM, Mougeot I. Serum IgE and IgG responses to dietary antigens in dogs with and without cutaneous adverse food reactions. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:116-127. [PMID: 31749195 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is suspected that many canine cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) are true immunological hypersensitivities; however, few specific dietary allergens have been identified. OBJECTIVE To compare serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG reactivity to specific food antigens in privately owned dogs with and without CAFR. ANIMALS Eighteen adult dogs with nonseasonal pruritus recruited from a hospital population. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were fed an extensively hydrolysed poultry-based diet exclusively for 12 weeks. Serum was collected at the beginning of the trial. Canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index and pruritus Visual Analog Scale scoring were performed at the beginning and end of the trial. Immunoblotting was performed to identify IgE and/or IgG binding to specific proteins in beef, egg, milk, chicken, pork, soy and wheat extracts. RESULTS A CAFR (defined as an unequivocal relapse of pruritus after dietary challenge) was diagnosed in 10 dogs, with 60% relapsing when fed chicken-based diets. Binding of subjects' IgG to almost all proteins in all extracts was seen regardless of reported dietary history. Few proteins were exclusively or predominantly bound by IgE in CAFR dogs. Exceptions included a 42 kDa band (chicken), a 52 kDa band (beef), a 46 kDa band (beef and milk) and a poorly defined high molecular weight protein or proteins (beef and milk). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated three protein bands and a poorly defined band predominantly recognized by sera from dogs with CAFR relative to non-CAFR dog sera. Almost all proteins were bound by IgG in all dogs, suggesting prior exposure to unreported foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Isabelle Mougeot
- CanCog Technologies, 120 Carlton Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5A 4K2
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Bexley J, Kingswell N, Olivry T. Serum IgE cross-reactivity between fish and chicken meats in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2018; 30:25-e8. [PMID: 30378189 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, a cross-reactive clinical allergy has been reported between three chicken and fish meat proteins: beta-enolase, aldolase A and parvalbumin. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if IgE cross-reactivity between chicken and fish also existed in the dog. ANIMALS Sera from dogs with suspected allergic skin disease and with IgE against chicken and fish. METHODS AND MATERIALS Sera were analysed by ELISA and immunoblotting with chicken, white fish (haddock and cod) and salmon extracts. Reciprocal inhibition ELISAs and inhibition immunoblots were then performed. Protein sequencing of bands identified on multiple extracts was determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Out of 53 archived canine sera tested by ELISA against chicken, white fish or salmon, 15 (28%), 12 (23%) and 26 (49%), respectively, had elevated IgE against one, two or all three of these extracts. Seven of the triple-reactive sera were subjected to reciprocal inhibition ELISAs. A >50% inhibition was found between chicken-fish, chicken-salmon and fish-salmon in seven, four and five of seven dogs, respectively. Immunoblotting identified multiple IgE-binding proteins of identical molecular weights in the three extracts; these were partially to fully cross-reactive by inhibition immunoblotting. Mass spectrometry identified nine cross-reactive proteins as: pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, alpha-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-enolase, aldolase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and triose-phosphate isomerase 1. All of these have been reported previously as fish, shellfish and/or chicken allergens for humans. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Whether any of these newly identified IgE cross-reactive chicken-fish allergens is the cause of clinical allergy needs to be determined in dogs reacting to at least two of these common food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bexley
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Nicola Kingswell
- Avacta Animal Health, Unit 651, Street 5, Thorp Arch Estate, Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 7FZ, UK
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Tarpataki N, Thuróczy J, Fischer N, Jacquenet S, Rostaher A, Richard C, Zwickl L, Olivry T, Favrot C. A pilot study of total and allergen-specific IgE serum levels during anestrous, estrous and pregnancy in healthy female dogs. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:329. [PMID: 29687519 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific IgE serology is used for the determination of sensitization status in dogs with atopic dermatitis; the influence of the female reproductive cycle on the results of such methods has not been studied in dogs. OBJECTIVES To compare the total and allergen-specific IgE of healthy bitches during anestrous, estrous and pregnancy. ANIMALS Eight privately owned, healthy bitches. METHODS Total and allergen-specific IgE levels were determined in eight bitches at three different time-points of their reproductive cycle: anestrous, estrous and pregnancy. RESULTS Total IgE was significantly decreased (median: 74%) in female dogs during pregnancy when compared to anestrous. In 14 of 216 (6%), allergen-specific IgE test results were variably positive and negative at different stages of the reproductive cycle. This variation, however, was not related to changes in total serum IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Total IgE serum levels are reduced during pregnancy in female dogs. However, results of one allergen-specific IgE test did not appear to be markedly altered by the reproductive cycle in healthy bitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Tarpataki
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Julianna Thuróczy
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Jacquenet
- Genclis, 15 rue du bois de la Champelle, 54500, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Richard
- Genclis, 15 rue du bois de la Champelle, 54500, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Lena Zwickl
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Marlon M, Andres S, Jorge S, Yuliana E. In <i>Silico</i> Analysis of Cross Reactivity between Lipocalin of Domestic Animals*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/oji.2018.84006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pali‐Schöll I, De Lucia M, Jackson H, Janda J, Mueller RS, Jensen‐Jarolim E. Comparing immediate-type food allergy in humans and companion animals-revealing unmet needs. Allergy 2017; 72:1643-1656. [PMID: 28394404 DOI: 10.1111/all.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse food reactions occur in human as well as veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in both. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on immediate-type food allergy vs other food adverse reactions in companion animals, and compare this to the human situation. While the prevalence of food allergy in humans has been well studied for some allergens, this remains to be investigated for animal patients, where owner-reported as well as veterinarian-diagnosed food adverse reactions are on the increase. The characteristics of the disease in humans vs dogs, cats, and horses are most often caused by similar, but sometimes species-dependent different pathophysiological mechanisms, prompting the specific clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and treatments. Furthermore, little is known about the allergen molecules causative for type I food allergy in animals, which, like in human patients, could represent predictive biomarkers for risk evaluation. The definite diagnosis of food allergy relies-as in humans-on elimination diet and provocation tests. Besides allergen avoidance in daily practice, novel treatment options and tolerization strategies are underway. Taken together, numerous knowledge gaps were identified in veterinary food allergy, which need to be filled by systematic comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Pali‐Schöll
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - M. De Lucia
- Clinica Veterinaria Privata San Marco Padova Italy
| | - H. Jackson
- Dermatology Referral Services LTD Glasgow Scotland UK
| | - J. Janda
- Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - R. S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Munich Germany
| | - E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Allergy Care Allergy Diagnosis and Study Center Vienna Austria
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Olivry T, Bexley J, Mougeot I. Extensive protein hydrolyzation is indispensable to prevent IgE-mediated poultry allergen recognition in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:251. [PMID: 28818076 PMCID: PMC5561598 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The central premise for the commercialization of diets with hydrolyzed ingredients is that the small-sized digested peptides would be unable to crosslink allergen-specific IgE at the surface of tissue mast cells and induce their degranulation. Evidence for the validity of this concept to diagnose food allergies in dogs and cats is limited, however. Our objectives were to study the recognition of standard and variably hydrolyzed poultry extracts by sera from dogs and cats with elevated chicken-specific serum IgE. Results Forty sera from dogs and 40 from cats with undetectable, low, medium or high serum levels of chicken-specific IgE were tested by ELISA on plates coated with the positive controls chicken, duck and turkey meat extracts and the negative controls beef meat (dogs) or wheat (cats). Plates were also coated with a non-hydrolyzed chicken meal, and mildly- or extensively-hydrolyzed poultry feather extracts. The frequencies of dogs with positive IgE against the various extracts were: chicken meat: 100%, duck and turkey meats: 97%, beef meat: 3%, non-hydrolyzed chicken meal: 73%, mildly-hydrolyzed poultry feathers: 37% and extensively-hydrolyzed poultry feathers: 0%. For cats, these respective percentages were (with wheat replacing beef as a negative control): 100, 84, 97, 7, 7, 0 and 0%. To detect any allergenic cross-reactivity between poultry meat-based and feather hydrolysate-derived extracts, an IgE ELISA inhibition was also done. Ten canine sera with the highest level of anti-poultry IgE in the previous experiment were incubated overnight with a previously optimized 50 μg amount of each of the extracts used above. We performed ELISA on plates coated with chicken, duck or turkey meats with or without inhibitors. The median inhibition percentages after incubation with the non-hydrolyzed chicken meal were ~22%, with the mildly-hydrolyzed poultry feathers: 14–22%, and those with the extensively-hydrolyzed poultry feathers: 5 to 10%; the last inhibition level was similar to that of the beef meat negative control. Conclusions Altogether, these results suggest that an extensive—but not partial—hydrolyzation of the poultry feather extract is necessary to prevent the recognition of allergenic epitopes by poultry-specific IgE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1183-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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