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Pearson J, Denley T, Blubaugh A, Kim SJ, Fogle JE, Leon R, Goss C, Banovic F. Characterisation of the pruritus responses and pruritic behaviours in an interleukin 31-induced canine model of pruritus. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:296-304. [PMID: 38149639 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous administration of interleukin (IL)-31 in healthy dogs has been used as a model to assess antipruritic drugs. However, there is no known in-depth characterisation of pruritic behaviours, and the repeatability of the IL-31-induced pruritus in the individual dogs is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the immediate/delayed pruritus responses and the pruritic behaviours observed in the IL-31-induced pruritic model in healthy dogs after repeated IL-31 injections. ANIMALS Fifteen healthy laboratory beagles. METHODS All dogs were video-recorded for 270 min after two intravenous recombinant IL-31 injections (1.75 μg/kg) and vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, control) injections, respectively; interventions were randomised and performed with a 2 week wash-out period. Two blinded investigators reviewed the pruritic behaviours of all video recordings. RESULTS Both canine IL-31 (IL-31_01, IL-31_02) injections significantly increased pruritic seconds and categorical minutes ('YES'/'NO' behaviour per discrete 1 min interval) in healthy dogs compared with both vehicle groups (Vehicle_01, Vehicle_02). The second intravenous canine IL-31 (IL-31_02) administered 14 days after the first IL-31 injection induced a significant increase in pruritic seconds (p = 0.021) and not pruritic categorical minutes (p = 0.231). An increase in pruritic seconds was observed in both IL-31 groups in the first 30 min post-administration, while there was no significant difference between IL-31 and vehicle groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In conclusion, intravenous IL-31 reproducibly induces itch responses in dogs. Future evaluations of the canine IL-31 pruritic model should assess total pruritic behaviours in seconds rather than using a biased 'YES/NO' behaviour per 1 min scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pearson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tara Denley
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda Blubaugh
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sujung Jun Kim
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Renato Leon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Caleb Goss
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Drechsler Y, Dong C, Clark DE, Kaur G. Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Prevalence, Impact, and Management Strategies. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:15-29. [PMID: 38371487 PMCID: PMC10874193 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s412570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease in humans and dogs worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD is multifactorial, immunologically complex, and may involve genetic factors, epidermal barrier dysfunction, microbiome changes, immune dysregulation, and allergic sensitization. Across species, prevalence of AD is on the rise. At present, there is no cure for canine AD (CAD). The treatment for CAD is multifaceted and aimed at controlling the pruritus, associated inflammation, and infections, repairing the skin barrier function, and dietary management. This review presents data on prevalence, impact, and complex immunological interactions in AD with a focus on subsequent management of the disease in the canine population. A multimodal approach for management of CAD to address varying clinical signs and responses to therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Charli Dong
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David E Clark
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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3
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Chen J, Zheng Y, Wang L, Pang X, Gao F, Xiao H, Huo N. Expression, purification, and biological characterization of recombinant human interleukin-31 protein. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1731-1740. [PMID: 37096330 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31), belonging to the IL-6 cytokine family, is involved in skin inflammation and pruritus, as well as some tumors' progression. Here, we reported the expression and purification of recombinant human IL-31 (rhIL-31) using a prokaryotic system. This recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies, refolded and purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Circular dichroism analysis revealed that the secondary structure of rhIL-31 was mainly composed of alpha-helix, which is in consistence with the 3D model structure built by AlphaFold server. In vitro studies showed that rhIL-31 exhibited a good binding ability to the recombinant hIL-31 receptor alpha fused with human Fc fragment (rhIL-31RA-hFc) with EC50 value of 16.36 µg/mL in ELISA assay. Meanwhile, flow cytometry demonstrated that rhIL-31 was able to bind to hIL-31RA or hOSMRβ expressed on the cell surface, independently. Furthermore, rhIL-31 could induce the phosphorylation of STAT3 in A549 cells. In conclusion, the prepared rhIL-31 in this study possesses the binding ability to its receptors, and can activate the signal pathway of JAK/STAT. Thus, it can be applied in further studies, including investigation of hIL-31-related diseases, structural analysis, and development of therapeutic drugs, and monoclonal antibodies targeting hIL-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefei Pang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nairui Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Meason C, Salazar R, Gentry CM. Alfaxalone provides reliable sedation for intradermal allergen testing in dogs and does not significantly affect results when compared to dexmedetomidine. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:404-414. [PMID: 37286524 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine (Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride-Dexdomitor; Zoetis) is the preferred sedative used for canine intradermal allergen testing (IDT) in the United States. Alfaxalone (Alfaxan Multidose; Jurox Animal Health) is a neuroactive steroid, and its effect on sedation and allergen reactivity scores is unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES We hypothesised that alfaxalone would produce an adequate level of sedation with fewer cardiovascular adverse effects and would not affect allergen reactivity scores or histamine wheal size compared to dexmedetomidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty client-owned dogs were included in two groups: 10 atopic and 10 nonatopic. In a randomised, controlled, blinded, cross-over design all dogs underwent two modified IDT, 1-4 weeks apart, using intravenous dexmedetomidine (2.87-5.22 μg/kg) or alfaxalone (1.8-2.4 mg/kg). Anaesthetic parameters and sedation level were recorded over 25 min using a validated canine sedation scale described by Grint et al. (Small Anim Pract, 2009, 50, 62). Simultaneously, both objective and subjective reactivity scores were measured in technical triplicates at 10, 15 and 20 min. The modified IDT included eight allergens, histamine-positive and saline-negative controls. RESULTS Alfaxalone produced a significantly higher sedation score across all time points (p < 0.05). All objective scores were significantly correlated to the corresponding subjective scores (Spearman R = 0.859, p < 0.0001). Sedative used did not significantly affect subjective allergen scores for nine atopic dogs (p > 0.05, 15 min). Sedative used did not affect the diameter of objective scores for individual allergens and histamine wheals (p > 0.05, 15 min). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intravascular alfaxalone is an alternative sedative for IDT in dogs. Alfaxalone may be preferred to dexmedetomidine in some clinical scenarios as a result of having fewer cardiovascular adverse effects.
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Michels GM, Honsberger NA, Walters RR, Kira S Tena J, Cleaver DM. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multisite, parallel-group field study in dogs with osteoarthritis conducted in the United States of America evaluating bedinvetmab, a canine anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:446-458. [PMID: 37541934 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bedinvetmab, a fully canine anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody, was evaluated in dogs for control of osteoarthritis-related pain in a study conducted to support registration in the USA. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study. ANIMALS General practice client-owned dogs with osteoarthritis (n = 272). METHODS Dogs were block randomized 1:1 to placebo (saline, n = 137) or bedinvetmab (n = 135; 0.5-1.0 mg kg-1) administered subcutaneously, once monthly. The primary end point, day 28 Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) treatment success (TS), required pain severity score (PSS; 0-10) decrease ≥1 and pain interference score (PIS; 0-10) decrease ≥ 2. CBPI TS rates [and number needed to treat (NNT)], change in scores [and standardized effect size (ES)], change in quality of life (QoL) and bedinvetmab half-life were calculated. RESULTS Significant (p < 0.05) improvement with bedinvetmab over placebo occurred (days 28, 42, 56, 84) for CBPI TS. Of cases evaluable for day 28 CBPI TS (placebo, n = 131; bedinvetmab, n = 128), success rates were 36.6% and 47.4%, respectively (p = 0.0410) (NNT, 9.3; PSS and PIS ES, 0.3). CBPI TS increased after the second dose in both groups, plateaued for bedinvetmab at day 42 and decreased for placebo beginning day 84. Day 84 NNT (4.3), PSS (0.4) and PIS (0.5) showed continued improvement with monthly dosing. After the first dose, mean (± standard deviation) bedinvetmab half-life was 19.1 (8.3) days. Adverse events were similar between groups and not considered treatment-related. There was a significant effect of bedinvetmab versus placebo on all CBPI components (PIS, PSS, QoL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results corroborated those previously reported and provide further support of safety and effectiveness of bedinvetmab (0.5-1.0 mg kg-1) administered subcutaneously at monthly intervals to dogs for control of osteoarthritis-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Michels
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | - Nicole A Honsberger
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Rodney R Walters
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | | | - Dawn M Cleaver
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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Starr H, Howerth E, Gogal R, Barber J, Leon R, Blubaugh A, Banovic F. Characterization of the serum and skin inflammatory profile in canine pemphigus foliaceus using multiplex assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 262:110631. [PMID: 37473673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a common autoimmune skin disease characterized by autoantibodies binding to epithelial adhesion molecules resulting inflammatory response. The immune network of cytokine and chemokine abnormalities that characterize the immune response in canine PF are poorly explored. This study evaluated serum and lesional skin cytokine and chemokine profiles of dogs diagnosed with PF compared to healthy control dogs. Serum samples obtained from 11 PF dogs and 16 healthy control dogs were analyzed using commercially available canine multiplex assay for 13 biomarkers (Canine Milliplex assay). Eight lesional skin samples from seven PF dogs and five healthy site-matched samples from five healthy dogs were evaluated for 20 immune markers using quantitative real-time PCR. Immunomodulating medications were suspended for at least four weeks in all dogs before obtaining serum and skin samples. PF patients showed significantly higher serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-8, IL-18, CCL2, KC-like, and granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor when compared to healthy controls (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05 for all). Lesional PF skin exhibited significant expression and upregulation of pro-inflammatory/T helper (Th1) 1 markers IL-1β, MX1, GZMB, OAS1, and IFN-γ as well as Th2 cytokines IL-13, IL-33, TSLP, IL-31 and Th17/22 markers IL-17A and IL-22 (Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05 for all). Taken together, the findings from this study describe the role of numerous cytokines and chemokines associated with immune response in the skin and serum of canine PF patients. Further larger-sample proteomics and RNA-sequencing transcriptomics studies are needed to understand the immune pathogenesis of canine PF skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Starr
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Gogal
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Barber
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Renato Leon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amanda Blubaugh
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Krautmann M, Walters RR, King VL, Esch K, Mahabir SP, Gonzales A, Dominowski PJ, Sly L, Mwangi D, Foss DL, Rai S, Messamore JE, Gagnon G, Schoell A, Dunham SA, Martinon OM. Laboratory safety evaluation of lokivetmab, a canine anti-interleukin-31 monoclonal antibody, in dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 258:110574. [PMID: 36842258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Lokivetmab (Cytopoint®, Zoetis) is a canine monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and neutralizes interleukin (IL)-31. Lokivetmab is approved for use in dogs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic dermatitis. The laboratory safety of lokivetmab was evaluated in 2 studies by adapting the science-based, case-by-case approach used for preclinical and early clinical safety evaluation of human biopharmaceuticals. The main objectives were to demonstrate the safety of lokivetmab in healthy laboratory Beagle dogs by using integrated clinical, morphologic, and functional evaluations. In Study 1, dogs were treated s.c. with saline or lokivetmab at 3.3 mg/kg (1X, label dose) or 10 mg/kg (3X intended dose) for 7 consecutive monthly doses, with terminal pathology and histology assessments. In Study 2, the functional immune response was demonstrated in naïve dogs using the T-cell dependent antibody response (TDAR) test with 2 different dose levels of unadjuvanted keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as the model immunogen. The primary endpoint was anti-KLH IgG antibody titer, and secondary endpoints were ex vivo IL-2 enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell lymphoproliferation assays. Both studies included monitoring general health, periodic veterinary clinical evaluations, serial clinical pathology and toxicokinetics, and monitoring for anti-drug antibodies. In both studies, the health of dogs receiving lokivetmab was similar to controls, with no treatment-related changes uncovered. Extensive pathology evaluations of immune tissues (Study 1) revealed no lokivetmab-related morphologic changes, and in dogs treated at 10 mg/kg lokivetmab, immunization with the model antigen KLH did not impair the functional antibody or T-cell recall responses. There were no immunogenicity-related or hypersensitivity-related responses observed in either study. These studies in healthy laboratory dogs showed that lokivetmab was well-tolerated, did not produce any treatment-related effects, and had no effect on immune system morphology or its functional response. These studies also demonstrated the utility of a science-based case-by-case approach to the safety evaluation of a veterinary biopharmaceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vickie L King
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Kevin Esch
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | | | | | - Laurel Sly
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Duncan Mwangi
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Dennis L Foss
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Sharath Rai
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Schoell
- Zoetis Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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8
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Nanamiya R, Ohishi T, Suzuki H, Mizuno T, Yoshikawa T, Asano T, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Defucosylated Mouse-Dog Chimeric Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Monoclonal Antibody (H77Bf) Exerts Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Canine Osteosarcoma. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2023; 42:27-33. [PMID: 36399552 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2022.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been studied in many human cancer types, and its overexpression and/or gene mutation contribute to the poor prognosis. Therefore, HER2 is an important therapeutic target in various cancer types, including breast and gastric cancers. We previously developed an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), H2Mab-77 (mouse IgG1, kappa), which detects HER2 and dog HER2 (dHER2) with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we produced a defucosylated mouse-dog chimeric anti-HER2 mAb (H77Bf), and investigated the reactivity against canine osteosarcoma D-17 cells by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we showed that H77Bf exerted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against D-17 cells in vitro and exhibited the potent antitumor activity in vivo. These results suggest that H77Bf exerts antitumor effects against dHER2-expressing canine tumors and could be valuable as part of an antibody treatment regimen for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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9
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Takeuchi H, Nakajima C, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Okagawa T, Usui M, Tamura Y, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Characterization of SpsQ from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius as an affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281171. [PMID: 36701408 PMCID: PMC9879442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive Staphylococci express protein A, which binds to host antibodies, to evade the immune system. Taking advantage of its specific binding to antibodies, protein A from Staphylococcus aureus, which is called SpA, is commonly used as an affinity chromatography ligand for human therapeutic antibodies. However, among four canine IgG subclasses (A, B, C, and D), only IgG-B binds to SpA strongly and establishing an efficient and robust purification scheme for canine therapeutic antibodies whose IgG subclass is A, C, or D remains difficult and depends on finding a suitable substitute to SpA. S. pseudintermedius, a major coagulase-positive Staphylococci found in dogs, expresses spsQ gene which is orthologous to S. aureus spa. We hypothesized that to serve S. pseudintermedius to better adapt to the dog immune system, SpsQ would bind to canine IgGs stronger than SpA, making it a better affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies. To characterize SpsQ, we first determined the spsQ nucleotide sequence from S. pseudintermedius isolates. Based on the identified sequence, we prepared recombinant proteins containing the immunoglobulin-binding domains of SpA (r-SpA) and SpsQ (r-SpsQ) and determined their binding capacity for each canine IgG subclass. The binding capacity of r-SpsQ for IgG-B was almost as high as that of r-SpA. Interestingly, while both r-SpsQ and r-SpA showed no binding to IgG-C, the binding capacity of r-SpsQ for IgG-A and IgG-D was significantly higher than that of r-SpA. Finally, we performed affinity chromatography using r-SpsQ- or r-SpA-immobilized resin and revealed that the recovery rates of IgG-A and IgG-D using r-SpsQ were significantly higher than those using r-SpA. Our findings indicate that SpsQ has a strong potential to be used as an affinity chromatography ligand for canine therapeutic antibodies of subclass A, B, and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takeuchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Affairs Office, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Gober M, Hillier A, Vasquez-Hidalgo MA, Amodie D, Mellencamp MA. Use of Cytopoint in the Allergic Dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:909776. [PMID: 35928119 PMCID: PMC9343842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.909776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic dermatitis is the most common type of skin disease in dogs. Of all dogs, 20 to 30% present with some type of allergic dermatitis. Pruritus is one of the most important signs of allergic dermatitis and is often the most challenging to control. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) has been found to be one of the main initiators of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis. Cytopoint®, a caninized monoclonal anti-IL-31 antibody, has been shown to be effective for the treatment of dogs against allergic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis. US label indication. A recent retrospective study reported that Cytopoint achieved treatment success in 87.8% of the cases with allergic dermatitis. No prospective cohort studies have been performed investigating the effects of Cytopoint in dogs with allergic dermatitis using the dosing protocol prescribed on the product label in the United States. In this study, our objectives were to assess the efficacy of Cytopoint for treatment of canine allergic dermatitis of variable etiologies and management of the associated pruritus, and add to the body of evidence available to the veterinarian as they make treatment recommendations. Dogs included in this study had moderate to severe pruritus according to the Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS; ≥ 50 mm) and a history of likely continuation of pruritus at the time of presentation. On day 0, investigators recorded the initial body weight and every patient received one dose of Cytopoint (minimum 2 mg/kg SQ) and an isoxazoline product for parasite control. Treatment success for this study was defined as a ≥20 mm reduction in PVAS from Day 0. On Day 7, 94% of the dogs had achieved treatment success. On Day 28, 98% had achieved treatment success and cumulatively by day 56, 100% of the dogs achieved treatment success. This prospective study provides evidence that Cytopoint effectively treats dogs with allergic dermatitis of different types and the associated pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gober
- Zoetis, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Margaret Gober
| | | | - Manuel A. Vasquez-Hidalgo
- Zoetis, Inc., Parsippany, NJ, United States
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Chiocchetti R, De Silva M, Aspidi F, Cunha RZ, Gobbo F, Tagliavia C, Sarli G, Morini M. Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors in Keratinocytes of Healthy Dogs and Dogs With Atopic Dermatitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:915896. [PMID: 35873682 PMCID: PMC9305491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.915896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that some form of skin barrier dysfunction is present in canine atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common cutaneous pruritic inflammatory diseases of dogs. The impaired skin barrier function facilitates the penetration of allergens and subsequently stronger sensitization responses. The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the physiology and pathology of the skin is becoming increasingly established. It has been demonstrated that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in healthy and diseased skin and, based on current knowledge, it could be stated that cannabinoids are important mediators in the skin. The present study has been designed to immunohistochemically investigate the expression of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and 2 (CB2R) and the cannabinoid-related receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and serotoninergic receptor 1a (5-HT1aR) in keratinocytes of healthy dogs and of dogs with AD. Samples of skin tissues were collected from 7 healthy controls (CTRL-dogs) and from 8 dogs with AD (AD-dogs). The tissue samples were processed using an immunofluorescence assay with commercially available antibodies, and the immunolabelling of the receptors studied was quantitatively evaluated. The keratinocytes of the CTRL- and the AD-dogs showed immunoreactivity for all the receptors investigated with a significant upregulation of CB2R, TRPA1, and 5-HT1aR in the epidermis of the AD-dogs. The presence of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in healthy keratinocytes suggested the possible role of the ECS in canine epidermal homeostasis while their overexpression in the inflamed tissues of the AD-dogs suggested the involvement of the ECS in the pathogenesis of this disease, having a possible role in the related skin inflammation and itching. Based on the present findings, the ECS could be considered a potential therapeutic target for dogs with AD.
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12
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Bruet V, Mosca M, Briand A, Bourdeau P, Pin D, Cochet-Faivre N, Cadiergues MC. Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Antipruritic Drugs in the Control of the Most Frequent Pruritic Skin Diseases in Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040149. [PMID: 35448647 PMCID: PMC9030482 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a common clinical sign in many skin disorders and is currently the main complaint in canine dermatology. Pruritic skin diseases can affect the quality of life of dogs and their owners. Several families of antipruritic drugs are available to help control pruritus in dogs. The aim of this review is to help practitioners select the most appropriate symptomatic treatment in the most frequent situations of dermatological pruritus in dogs. The molecules reviewed here are systemic and topical glucocorticoids, antihistamines, ciclosporin, oclacitinib and lokivetmab. A level of evidence (1, 2 or 3) has been established according to a detailed algorithm for each individual study in the literature published between 1990 and March 2021. The guidelines result from evidence grading using the strength of recommendation taxonomy (SoRT) and clinical recommendations using a thorough methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bruet
- Veterinary Dermatology Referral Services, 44100 Nantes, France;
| | - Marion Mosca
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interactions Cells Environment, UPSP 2016.A104, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Amaury Briand
- Department of Dermatology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.B.); (N.C.-F.)
| | - Patrick Bourdeau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, ENVN (Oniris) Université de Nantes, 44307 Nantes, France;
| | - Didier Pin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Interactions Cells Environment, UPSP 2016.A104, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France; (M.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Noëlle Cochet-Faivre
- Department of Dermatology, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.B.); (N.C.-F.)
- UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Christine Cadiergues
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, UPS, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-561-193268
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13
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Inai K, Kitagawa K, Murakami M, Iwasaki T. Lokivetmab improved pruritus in a dog with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:36-39. [PMID: 34866072 PMCID: PMC8810324 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 13-year-old spayed female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel presented with chronic swelling and pruritus on the palmar aspect of the left forepaw and on the tail. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) was diagnosed by histopathology and immunocytochemistry. Prednisolone was initially used alone as an alternative treatment for CEL. Despite long-term corticosteroid therapy, the patient’s physiological (pruritus) and dermatological signs (alopecia, erythema, erosion, and ulceration with crust) progressed and showed no evidence of improvement. To address the worsening condition of pruritus, lokivetmab was started in combination with prednisolone. Once on lokivetmab, the pruritus steadily improved and was effective in resolving and maintaining remission. Further investigation on the critical role of IL-31 in the pruritus pathway of dogs with CEL is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keita Kitagawa
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Integrated Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University
| | - Mami Murakami
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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14
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Olivry T. IL-31 and IL-31 receptor expression in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:631-e169. [PMID: 34796564 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To optimise the interleukin (IL)-31-blocking therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD), an understanding of the chronology in the expression of IL-31 and its receptor (IL-31RA) is needed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES (i) To assess the chronological expression of IL-31 in canine AD skin lesions, (ii) to compare it with serum IL-31 levels and macroscopic skin lesion scores, and (iii) to determine the identity of IL-31- and IL-31RA-positive cells. ANIMALS Four atopic dogs sensitised to house dust mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Skin and blood samples were obtained 0 h, 24 h, 48 and 96 h after allergen provocation. IL-31 and IL-31RA single-staining immunofluorescence (IF), as well as IL-31/CD3, IL-31/CD4 and IL-31RA/β3-tubulin double-staining IF were performed. The IL-31-positive cells were counted subjectively. RESULTS The peak IL-31 expression for three of four dogs occurred 24 h or 48 h postchallenge; it started to decrease at 96 h. There was no significant correlation between the IL-31 expression scores and the serum IL-31 concentrations or the macroscopic skin lesion scores (P = 0.35 and P = 0.36, respectively). The majority of IL-31-positive cells were positive for CD3 (range 91-100%) and CD4 (range 63-100%), indicating that they were helper T (Th) cells. Unexpectedly, sebaceous glands were strongly immunolabelled with IL-31; the extinction of this positivity after immunoabsorption with IL-31 further supported the validity of this immunostaining. The IL-31RA was visualised on keratinocytes and a small proportion of dermal nerves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The early and transient production of IL-31 by Th cells supports the concept of using IL-31 inhibiting strategies as a proactive therapy to prevent flares of AD skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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15
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Datsi A, Steinhoff M, Ahmad F, Alam M, Buddenkotte J. Interleukin-31: The "itchy" cytokine in inflammation and therapy. Allergy 2021; 76:2982-2997. [PMID: 33629401 DOI: 10.1111/all.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-31 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple atopic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis, and airway hyper-reactivity. In AD, IL-31 has been identified as one of the main "drivers" of its cardinal symptom, pruritus. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which IL-31 modulates inflammatory and allergic diseases. TH 2 cells play a central role in AD and release high levels of TH 2-associated cytokines including IL-31, thereby mediating inflammatory responses, initiating immunoregulatory circuits, stimulating itch, and neuronal outgrowth through activation of the heterodimeric receptor IL-31 receptor A (IL31RA)/Oncostatin M receptor (OSMRβ). IL31RA expression is found on human and murine dorsal root ganglia neurons, epithelial cells including keratinocytes and various innate immune cells. IL-31 is a critical cytokine involved in neuroimmune communication, which opens new avenues for cytokine modulation in neuroinflammatory diseases including AD/pruritus, as validated by recent clinical trials using an anti-IL-31 antibody. Accordingly, inhibition of IL-31-downstream signaling may be a beneficial approach for various inflammatory diseases including prurigo. However, as to whether downstream JAK inhibitors directly block IL-31-mediated-signaling needs to be clarified. Targeting the IL-31/IL31RA/OSMRβ axis appears to be a promising approach for inflammatory, neuroinflammatory, and pruritic disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantational Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics University Hospital Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Dermatology Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Department of Dermatology Weill Cornell Medicine‐Qatar Doha Qatar
- Qatar UniversityCollege of Medicine Doha Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Dermatology Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Dermatology Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Translational Research InstituteAcademic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Dermatology Institute Academic Health SystemHamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
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16
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Older CE, Diesel AB, Heseltine JC, Friedeck A, Hedke C, Pardike S, Breitreiter K, Rossi MA, Messamore J, Bammert G, Gonzales AJ, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. Cytokine expression in feline allergic dermatitis and feline asthma. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:613-e163. [PMID: 34519120 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of feline allergic dermatitis (FAD) is unclear, with several differences from allergic dermatitis in dogs and humans. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To survey cytokine expression levels in healthy cats and cats affected with allergic dermatitis or asthma. ANIMALS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsies from 22 cats with allergic dermatitis and 21 cats without allergic dermatitis were used for cutaneous assays. Serum was obtained from 17 healthy cats, 18 cats with allergic dermatitis, and 18 cats with a presumptive diagnosis of asthma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cutaneous mRNA expression was evaluated with quantitative PCR [interleukin (IL)-31 and IL-31 Receptor A] and RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) [IL-5, IL-31, IL-31RA, IL-33 and Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR)-β]. IL-31 protein concentrations were evaluated in serum with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of 19 additional cytokines were evaluated using a Luminex panel. RESULTS IL-31, IL-31RA, IL-5 and IL-33 mRNA expression were either expressed in low quantities or undetectable in most samples. By contrast, OSMR-β expression was significantly higher in the skin of allergic versus healthy cats (P < 0.0001). Although serum IL-31 was detected in a larger number of cats with allergic dermatitis than healthy cats, and concentrations appeared to be higher in cats with allergies, this difference was not statistically significant. Cats affected by asthma also exhibited insignificantly higher concentrations of IL-31 in the serum. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that feline allergic diseases may exhibit different pathomechanisms from allergic diseases affecting other species. These findings are useful in guiding further therapeutic development toward targets that may have a role in the pathogenesis of feline allergic skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Older
- Department of, Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alison B Diesel
- Department of, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Johanna C Heseltine
- Department of, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Friedeck
- Department of, Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn Hedke
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Stephanie Pardike
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | | | - Michael A Rossi
- Coastal Veterinary Dermatology & Ear Clinic, Houston, TX, 77059, USA
| | - James Messamore
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Gary Bammert
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Global Therapeutics Research, Zoetis Inc, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of, Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Tateyama N, Nanamiya R, Ohishi T, Takei J, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Hosono H, Saito M, Asano T, Tanaka T, Sano M, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Defucosylated Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody 134-mG 2a-f Exerts Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Dog Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Overexpressed Cells. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:177-183. [PMID: 34424762 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a type I transmembrane protein, which is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. EGFR is a crucial mediator of cell growth and differentiation and forms homodimers or heterodimers with other HER family members to activate downstream signaling cascades. We previously established an anti-human EGFR (hEGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb), clone EMab-134 (mouse IgG1), by immunizing mice with the ectodomain of hEGFR. In this study, the subclass of EMab-134 was converted from IgG1 to IgG2a (134-mG2a) and further defucosylated (134-mG2a-f) to facilitate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Although 134-mG2a-f was developed against hEGFR, it was shown to cross-react with dog EGFR (dEGFR) using flow cytometry. The dissociation constant (KD) of 134-mG2a-f against dEGFR-overexpressed CHO-K1 (CHO/dEGFR) cells was determined by flow cytometry to be 3.3 × 10-9 M, indicating that 134-mG2a-f possesses a high binding affinity to dEGFR. Analysis in vitro revealed that 134-mG2a-f contributed to high levels of ADCC and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in experiments targeting CHO/dEGFR cells. Furthermore, the in vivo administration of 134-mG2a-f significantly inhibited the development of CHO/dEGFR in comparison with the results observed in response to control mouse IgG. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that 134-mG2a-f could be useful as part of a therapeutic regimen for dEGFR-expressing canine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tateyama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Hosono
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Bensignor E, Videmont E. Weekly topical therapy based on plant extracts combined with lokivetmab in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:68-e22. [PMID: 34414621 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lokivetmab is an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. The aim of this prospective study was to determine if topical products containing plant extracts could enhance the clinical efficacy of lokivetmab. ANIMALS Thirty atopic dogs were included. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs were allocated randomly to be treated either with a single injection of lokivetmab (mean dose 1.34 mg/kg; Group A) or to a single injection (mean dose 1.28 mg/kg) coupled with a weekly topical treatment using a shampoo and a spot-on specifically designed to improve skin barrier defect (Group B). Clinical parameters evaluated included pruritus (pruritus Visual Analog Scale) and skin lesions (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index, CADLI); cosmetic evaluation, and owner and investigator global assessment of efficacy (OGATE) also were carried out. Dogs were re-examined after 10, 17 and 31 days, and until a clinical relapse occurred. RESULTS An improvement was noted for all dogs, with scores being significantly better in dogs in Group B than in those in Group A; after 10 days for cosmetic evaluation, 17 days for pruritus (P = 0.039) and OGATE, and 31 days for CADLI (P = 0.043). A longer-lasting remission was noted in Group B compared to Group A; dogs receiving the combined treatment showed an extended time to flare compared to dogs treated with lokivetmab alone (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study suggests that combining lokivetmab with topical therapies designed to repair the skin barrier potentially have value in the treatment of AD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology Service, Oniris, Nantes Veterinary School, Nantes, 44307, France
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19
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Boehm TMSA, Klinger CJ, Udraite-Vovk L, Navarro C, Mueller RS. Clinical effects of 2 commercially available diets on canine atopic dermatitis. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:256-261. [PMID: 34425605 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease in dogs. Prior studies were able to determine beneficial effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the clinical signs of CAD. The aim of this study was set to evaluate the effects of a newly designed, EFA-enriched diet on the clinical signs of CAD compared to another EFA-enriched diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study, 31 privately owned dogs with atopic dermatitis received either the control diet (diet A, Hill's Prescription Diet™ d/d™ Salmon & Rice, n = 17) or the test diet (diet B, Veterinary HPM™ Dermatology Support D1, Virbac, n = 14) for 12 weeks. At the beginning of the study as well as after 4, 8 and 12 weeks, skin lesions and pruritus were evaluated via validated scores and the administered medication was documented. At the same time, the dogs' coat quality was evaluated via a distinct scoring system. In both groups, a total of 7 dogs each completed the entire study. RESULTS After 12 weeks, there was a mild improvement in lesion scores, pruritus and coat quality with both diets. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, both diets improved the patients' skin lesions pruritus and coat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University
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20
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Apostolopoulos N, Mitropoulou A, Foerster G, Failing K, Moritz A, Mayer U. In vitro evaluation of potential interference of lokivetmab with protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:278-283. [PMID: 34425606 DOI: 10.1055/a-1519-3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In humans, misdiagnoses of monoclonal gammopathy after use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has been documented. This triggers concerns for similar misdiagnoses in animals treated with monoclonal antibodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate if lokivetmab interferes with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Residual sera from 25 client-owned, healthy blood donor dogs from 2 veterinary hospitals in Germany were used. The residual sera were analysed with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis before and after being spiked with lokivetmab at a concentration of 10 µg/ml (corresponding to the mean peak serum concentration after a subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg lokivetmab). RESULTS No monoclonal gammopathy was observed on serum protein electrophoresis and all proteins had a normal distribution pattern without any pathologic bands on immunofixation electrophoresis. The absolute γ-globulin values of spiked samples, however, were significantly higher than in the native sera although they remained within the reference interval. No other globulin fractions were significantly different. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that lokivetmab at a dose of 2 mg/kg is not detected as a monoclonal peak on serum protein electrophoresis or immunofixation electrophoresis, and thus is unlikely to lead to a misdiagnosis of other diseases that are characterised by monoclonal gammopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig University
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21
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Chang CY, Wang YS, Wu JF, Yang TJ, Chang YC, Chae C, Chang HW, Hsu STD. Generation and Characterization of a Spike Glycoprotein Domain A-Specific Neutralizing Single-Chain Variable Fragment against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080833. [PMID: 34451958 PMCID: PMC8402611 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the genotype (G) 2 and re-emergence of the G1 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused severe economic impacts in the past decade. Developments of efficient vaccines against new variants of PEDV have been challenging, not least because of the difficulties in eliciting mucosal and lactogenic immunity. A single-chain fragment variable (scFv) capable of efficient antigen recognition is an alternative to vaccination and treatment of a viral infection. In the present study, the variable regions of the light chain and the heavy chain of a G2b PEDV spike domain A (S1A)-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) were sequenced, constructed with a (G4S) x3 linker, and produced by a mammalian protein expression system. Our results demonstrated that the PEDV S1A domain scFv was able to bind to S proteins of both G1 and G2b PEDVs. Nevertheless, the scFv was only capable of neutralizing the homologous G2b PEDV but not the G1 PEDV. The binding ability of the G2b-specific neutralizing scFv was not able to predict the neutralizing ability toward heterologous PEDV. The anti-PEDV S1A scFv presented herein serves as a potential therapeutic candidate against the virulent G2b PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-S.W.); (T.-J.Y.)
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-S.W.); (T.-J.Y.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Fei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.-F.W.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Tzu-Jing Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-S.W.); (T.-J.Y.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.-F.W.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea;
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.-F.W.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-W.C.)
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.-S.W.); (T.-J.Y.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2785-5696 (ext. 5120)
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22
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Van Brussel L, Moyaert H, Escalada M, Mahabir SP, Stegemann MR. A masked, randomised clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab compared to saline control in client-owned dogs with allergic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:477-e131. [PMID: 34180084 PMCID: PMC8519066 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐31 is an important mediator in canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and also may be dysregulated in other allergic diseases. Hypothesis/Objectives To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab (canine anti‐IL‐31 monoclonal antibody) for treatment of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis in dogs. Animals Dogs that were at least moderately pruritic with a presumptive diagnosis of allergic dermatitis were enrolled in Portugal, Hungary, France and Germany by 12 primary care practitioners and two veterinary dermatology referral specialists. Methods and materials Dogs were randomised to receive either placebo (saline) or lokivetmab (1.0–3.3 mg/kg) by subcutaneous injection on Day (D)0. Owners evaluated pruritus using a validated Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) daily until D7 and then weekly until D28. The severity of dermatitis was assessed by the investigators using a modified VAS on D0, D7, D14 and D28. Results Beginning at D1, owner‐assessed pVAS least square means were significantly reduced in the treatment group versus the placebo group (57.7% versus 21.8% reduction on D28). For all time points, investigator‐assessed VAS means were significantly reduced in the lokivetmab group versus the placebo group (57.1% versus 20.5% reduction on D28). Overall, the occurrence of adverse health events during the evaluation period was comparable between the two groups. Conclusions and clinical importance Lokivetmab is a safe and efficacious treatment for dogs with allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Van Brussel
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Hilde Moyaert
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Monica Escalada
- Zoetis Belgium SA, VMRD, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- Zoetis Inc, VMRD, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
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23
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Interleukin-31 and Pruritic Skin. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091906. [PMID: 33924978 PMCID: PMC8124688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin inflammation often evokes pruritus, which is the major subjective symptom in many inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Pruritus or itch is a specific sensation found only in the skin. Recent studies have stressed the pivotal role played by interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the sensation of pruritus. IL-31 is produced by various cells including T helper 2 cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and eosinophils. IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and oncostatin M receptor β. Recent clinical trials have shown that the anti-IL-31RA antibody nemolizumab can successfully decrease pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. The IL-31 pathway and pruritic skin are highlighted in this review article.
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24
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Roh YS, Choi J, Sutaria N, Belzberg M, Kwatra MM, Kwatra SG. IL-31 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Approach for the Management of Chronic Pruritic Dermatoses. Drugs 2021; 81:895-905. [PMID: 33881741 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a debilitating symptom with limited treatment options. Identifying molecular targets underlying chronic pruritic dermatoses is essential for the development of novel, targeted therapies. IL-31 is an important mediator of itch by integrating dermatologic, neural, and immune systems. IL-31 helps induce and maintain chronic pruritus via both indirect stimulation of inflammatory cells and through direct neural sensitization. IL-31 is overexpressed in various chronic pruritic skin conditions, and exogenous IL-31 induces itch and scratching behavior. Studies have demonstrated that IL-31R and IL-31 antagonism significantly reduces itch in patients with atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis, two extremely pruritic skin conditions. Emerging evidence, including recent phase II clinical trials of IL-31R antagonists, demonstrates that IL-31 plays an important role in itch signaling. Additional studies are ongoing to evaluate IL-31R and IL-31 antagonism as treatments of chronic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkyung S Roh
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Micah Belzberg
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Madan M Kwatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II Suite 206, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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25
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Fleck TJ, Norris LR, Mahabir S, Walters RR, Martinon O, Dunham SA, Gonzales AJ. Onset and duration of action of lokivetmab in a canine model of IL-31 induced pruritus. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:681-e182. [PMID: 33830571 PMCID: PMC9291138 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐31 is a cytokine involved in allergic inflammation which induces pruritus across species including dogs. Using recombinant canine IL‐31 we have developed a model of pruritus in the dog to evaluate onset of action and duration of effect of therapeutic drugs. Objective To assess the onset of action and duration of effect of lokivetmab (Cytopoint) in the IL‐31‐induced pruritus model. Animals Twenty‐four purpose‐bred beagle dogs (neutered males, spayed and intact females) 1.5–4.7 years old and weighing between 6 and14 kg. Methods and materials Randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled studies were designed to evaluate the antipruritic properties of lokivetmab. Laboratory beagle dogs were given either placebo, 0.125, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, subcutaneously. IL‐31 then was administered to evaluate pruritus 3–5 h post‐placebo or ‐lokivetmab administration as well as one, seven, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post‐dosing. Pruritus was evaluated over a 2 h window in animals by video monitoring and scored using a categorical scoring system. Results When animals were given 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, a significant reduction in pruritus was observed at 3–4, 4–5 and 3–5 h post‐treatment (P ≤ 0.0001). When animals were given either 0.125, 0.5 or 2 mg/kg lokivetmab, the duration of effect was dose‐dependent and statistically significant for 14, 28 and 42 days, respectively (P ≤ 0.0288). Conclusion These data indicate that a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg lokivetmab produces a significant suppression of pruritus starting 3 h post‐treatment that can be sustained for 42 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Fleck
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Lori R Norris
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Sean Mahabir
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Rodney R Walters
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Olivier Martinon
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Steven A Dunham
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Andrea J Gonzales
- Veterinary Medicine Research & Development, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
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26
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Saridomichelakis MN, Favrot C, Jackson HA, Bensignor E, Prost C, Mueller RS. A proposed medication score for long-term trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis sensu lato. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e19. [PMID: 33666961 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of concurrent medications is necessary in trials of treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to use the best available evidence to construct and then to validate a medication score (MS) formula that will estimate the impact of concurrent medications on trial outcomes. METHODS Trials of 15 interventions were scrutinized to find those that were consistent in terms of specific medication, administration route and dosage regimen. A MS was constructed in five steps, starting from assigning a score of 1 for each day on oral prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone at 0.5-1.0 mg/kg. The MS score was validated using the clinical records of 35 dogs with atopic dermatitis that had been treated for a period of 12 ± 2 weeks with six of these medications and compared with a previously published non-validated MS. RESULTS A MS could be assigned to eight treatments, six of which had been administered to the 35 dogs. A positive correlation was seen with the previously published MS and a negative correlation with changes in lesional and pruritus scores. CONCLUSION This MS may be a useful tool in new studies evaluating the efficacy of treatments in canine atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,'Attiko' Animal Hospital, Paiania, Attiki, Greece
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology Referral Service, Clinique Vétérinaire, Rennes-Cesson, France
| | | | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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27
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Fettelschoss V, Olomski F, Birkmann K, Kündig TM, Bergvall K, Fettelschoss‐Gabriel A. Interleukin 31 and targeted vaccination in a case series of six horses with chronic pruritus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | - F. Olomski
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | | | - T. M. Kündig
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agriculture Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Fettelschoss‐Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
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28
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A pilot clinical study of the therapeutic antibody against canine PD-1 for advanced spontaneous cancers in dogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18311. [PMID: 33110170 PMCID: PMC7591904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of programmed death 1 (PD-1), expressed on activated T cells, can break through immune resistance and elicit durable responses in human melanoma as well as other types of cancers. Canine oral malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors bearing poor prognosis due to its high metastatic potency. However, there are few effective treatments for the advanced stages of melanoma in veterinary medicine. Only one previous study indicated the potential of the immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-canine PD-L1 therapeutic antibody in dogs, and no anti-canine PD-1 therapeutic antibodies are currently available. Here, we developed two therapeutic antibodies, rat-dog chimeric and caninized anti-canine PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and evaluated in vitro functionality for these antibodies. Moreover, we conducted a pilot study to determine their safety profiles and clinical efficacy in spontaneously occurring canine cancers. In conclusion, the anti-canine PD-1 monoclonal antibody was relatively safe and effective in dogs with advanced oral malignant melanoma and other cancers. Thus, our study suggests that PD-1 blockade may be an attractive treatment option in canine cancers.
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29
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Nuttall TJ, Marsella R, Rosenbaum MR, Gonzales AJ, Fadok VA. Update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:1291-1300. [PMID: 31067173 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.11.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in dogs has led to more effective treatment plans, including skin barrier repair and new targeted treatments for management of allergy-associated itch and inflammation. The intent of this review article is to provide an update on the etiologic rationale behind current recommendations that emphasize a multimodal approach for the management of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Increasing knowledge of this complex disease process will help direct future treatment options.
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30
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Medina-Cucurella AV, Bammert GF, Dunkle W, Javens C, Zhu Y, Mutchler VT, Teel JT, Stein CA, Dunham SA, Whitehead TA. Feline Interleukin-31 Shares Overlapping Epitopes with the Oncostatin M Receptor and IL-31RA. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2171-2181. [PMID: 32459958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a major protein involved in severe inflammatory skin disorders. Its signaling pathway is mediated through two type I cytokine receptors, IL-31RA (also known as the gp130-like receptor) and the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR). Understanding molecular details in these interactions would be helpful for developing antagonist anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as potential therapies. Previous studies suggest that human IL-31 binds to IL-31RA and then recruits OSMR to form a ternary complex. In this model, OSMR cannot interact with IL-31 in the absence of IL-31RA. In this work, we show that feline IL-31 (fIL-31) binds independently with feline OSMR using surface plasmon resonance, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and yeast surface display. Moreover, competition experiments suggest that OSMR shares a partially overlapping epitope with IL-31RA. We then used deep mutational scanning to map the binding sites of both receptors on fIL-31. In agreement with previous studies of the human homologue, the binding site for IL31-RA contains fIL-31 positions E20 and K82, while the binding site for OSMR comprises the "PADNFERK" motif (P103-K110) and position G38. However, our results also revealed a new overlapping site, composed of positions R69, R72, P73, D76, D81, and E97, between both receptors that we called the "shared site". The conformational epitope of an anti-feline IL-31 mAb that inhibits both OSMR and IL-31RA also mapped to this shared site. Combined, our results show that fIL-31 binds IL-31RA and OSMR independently through a partially shared epitope. These results suggest reexamination of the putative canonical mechanisms for IL-31 signaling in higher animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica V Medina-Cucurella
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Engineering Building, 428 South Shaw Lane, Room 2100, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Gary F Bammert
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - William Dunkle
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Christopher Javens
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Veronica T Mutchler
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Janet T Teel
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Caitlin A Stein
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Engineering Building, 428 South Shaw Lane, Room 2100, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Steve A Dunham
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis Global Therapeutic Research, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Timothy A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Engineering Building, 428 South Shaw Lane, Room 2100, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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31
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Prelaud P, Laprais A. What Can We Learn from Canine Atopic Dermatitis History? CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-020-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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High EJ, Olivry T. Development and validation of a graphic 2D investigator's global assessment instrument for grading the overall severity of atopic dermatitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:207-e43. [PMID: 31833143 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) use validated instruments that aggregate the extent and severity of selected skin lesions; none of these provides a global assessment of the severity of all lesions. OBJECTIVES To validate an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) instrument to globally evaluate the severity of skin lesions in dogs with AD. ANIMALS Forty dogs with AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS A 2D graphic IGA (2D-IGA) instrument was created to subjectively score, with a single dot, the overall extent and severity of all canine AD lesions. This tool was tested for its validity (content, construct and criterion), reliability (inter- and intraobserver) and sensitivity to change. RESULTS The content of the 2D-IGA was first validated by a supportive vote by the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) membership. Its construct was verified by positive correlations between the 2D-IGA scores and those of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) (Spearman's rank-order correlation, P < 0.0001). The positive correlation (P < 0.0001) between an Owner Global Assessment of Disease Severity (OGADS) and the 2D-IGA indirectly satisfied its criterion. Scores graded by the same investigator hours apart and those between investigators were positively correlated (P < 0.0001), thereby validating this scale's intra- and interobserver reliabilities. Finally, the changes in 2D-IGA values during treatment were correlated positively with scores of an Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE; P < 0.0001), thus showing its sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This novel 2D-IGA is a simple static graphic instrument that could be useful for clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions for canine AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endya J High
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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33
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Cobiella D, Gram D, Santoro D. Noninvasive evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) protein concentrations in the stratum corneum and serum of healthy and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 31:102-105. [PMID: 31696573 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a cytokine involved primarily in angiogenesis. In human atopic dermatitis (AD), VEGF has been detected in the stratum corneum and blood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate VEGF-A expression in the serum and stratum corneum of healthy and atopic dogs, and its possible correlation with disease severity in atopic dogs. ANIMAL Fifteen atopic and 15 healthy, privately owned dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS The severity of clinical signs associated with AD was evaluated with the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-04). For all dogs, a single blood sample was performed and serum collected. Tape stripping (15 times) was performed on the left periocular area (lesional skin). A commercially available canine-specific VEGF-A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed with all samples. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was undetectable in the serum. In the stratum corneum, there was no significant difference in VEGF-A concentrations between healthy (mean 89.4 ± 59.5 pg/ml) and atopic dogs (mean 100.3 ± 77.1pg/ml) (P = 0.71). There was no correlation between stratum corneum VEGF-A concentrations and CADESI-04 scores. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The role of VEGF in canine AD is unclear. Because of many variants, VEGF-C and VEGF-D or VEGF-A isotopes should be explored in the skin to better evaluate the role of VEGF in canine atopy. Full-thickness skin biopsy, molecular biology and histopathological investigation may be necessary to further assess cutaneous VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cobiella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Dunbar Gram
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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34
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Dias IE, Pinto PO, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Dias IR, Carvalho PP. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy in companion animals: useful for immune-mediated diseases? BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:358. [PMID: 31640767 PMCID: PMC6805418 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells, with capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin. These cells are possible therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders, since they present remarkable immunomodulatory ability. The increase of immune-mediated diseases in veterinary medicine has led to a growing interest in the research of these disorders and their medical treatment. Conventional immunomodulatory drug therapy such as glucocorticoids or other novel therapies such as cyclosporine or monoclonal antibodies are associated with numerous side effects that limit its long-term use, leading to the need for developing new therapeutic strategies that can be more effective and safe. The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview about the therapeutic potential of these cells in the treatment of some autoimmune disorders (canine atopic dermatitis, feline chronic gingivostomatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and feline asthma) compared with their conventional treatment. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in autoimmune diseases has been showing that this approach can ameliorate clinical signs or even cause remission in most animals, with the exception of canine atopic dermatitis in which little to no improvement was observed. Although mesenchymal stem cells present a promising future in the treatment of most of these disorders, the variability in the outcomes of some clinical trials has led to the current controversy among authors regarding their efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is currently requiring a deeper and detailed analysis that allows its standardization and better adaptation to the intended therapeutic results, in order to overcome current limitations in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Esteves Dias
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Olivério Pinto
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra University Veterinary Hospital, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Carlos Barros
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ribeiro Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pires Carvalho
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Vetherapy, 479 St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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35
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Szczepanik M, Wilkołek P, Gołyński M, Sitkowski W, Taszkun I, Toczek W. The influence of treatment with lokivetmab on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dogs with spontaneously occurring atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:330-e93. [PMID: 31090122 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment may include assessment of lesion severity by use of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI), assessment of pruritus and measurement of biophysical parameters of the skin. HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to assess changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) during 12 weeks of treatment with lokivetmab and its correlation with the CADESI-04 and the severity of pruritus. ANIMALS Ten client-owned dogs with canine AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS The animals were administered lokivetmab three times at four week intervals. Pruritus and CADESI-04 were assessed, and TEWL was measured at six body regions, on Day 0 and repeated at weeks 4, 8 and 12. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the CADESI-04 score, the severity of pruritus and the mean TEWL between baseline and each of the time points. TEWL also decreased in the majority of body sites examined. Significant correlations between the CADESI-04 and mean TEWL (r = 0.519, P = 0.0003), and between pruritus severity and mean TEWL (r = 0.517, P = 0.0003), were found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall TEWL decreased during lokivetmab treatment but not at all body sites. If TEWL is used to assess the effectiveness of a treatment, a mean TEWL score should be calculated from several areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szczepanik
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wilkołek
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Sitkowski
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Toczek
- Private veterinary practice ul, Straconki 177, 43-300, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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36
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Kim D, Kobayashi T, Nagao K. Research Techniques Made Simple: Mouse Models of Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:984-990.e1. [PMID: 31010529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired barrier function, eczematous dermatitis, and chronic pruritus. Mouse models have been heavily used to deepen our understanding of complicated disease mechanisms in AD and to provide a preclinical platform before performing clinical interventional research on novel therapeutic agents in humans. However, what aspects of human AD these mouse AD models faithfully recapitulate is insufficiently understood. We categorized mouse AD models into three groups: (i) inbred models, (ii) genetically engineered mice in which genes of interest are overexpressed or deleted in a specific cell type, and (iii) models induced by topical application of exogenous agents. To maximize benefits from current murine AD models, understanding the strengths and limitations of each model is essential when selecting a system suitable for a specific research question. We describe known and emerging AD mouse models and discuss the usefulness and pitfalls of each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kim
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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37
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Paps JS, Olivry T. Proactive maintenance therapy of canine atopic dermatitis with the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab. Can a monoclonal antibody blocking a single cytokine prevent allergy flares? Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:98. [PMID: 30672050 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once the signs of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) are controlled, the proactive application of topical glucocorticoids can delay disease flares. OBJECTIVES We wished to determine if the proactive administration of the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab would prevent or delay flares of canine AD. ANIMALS We tested this strategy in four Maltese-beagle atopic dogs before enrolling 21 dogs with spontaneous AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS In our acute AD model, house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized dogs were injected once with lokivetmab. After seven days, an HDM suspension was applied epicutaneously, and both skin lesions and pruritus manifestations were quantified for 24 h. In a second study, 21 dogs with spontaneous AD controlled with anti-allergic drugs were treated with lokivetmab per manufacturer's recommendations; all anti-allergic drugs were discontinued within four weeks after the first injection. All dogs were followed prospectively for at least one year and the time-to-flare (TTF) of AD after the last day of anti-allergic treatment was determined. RESULTS In the experimental study, one injection of lokivetmab prevented nearly all expected allergen-induced pruritus manifestations but not skin lesion development. In dogs with spontaneous AD, the median TTF after lokivetmab proactive therapy was 63 days. One-fourth of dogs did not exhibit a flare for at least one year while receiving lokivetmab monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Although lokivetmab seems more effective to prevent pruritus than skin lesions in dogs with experimental AD' it also can delay disease flares in some dogs with the spontaneous disease. Studies are needed to identify those patients most likely to respond to such a proactive regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Judy S Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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38
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Schreeg ME, Marr HS, Tarigo JL, Sherrill MK, Outi HK, Scholl EH, Bird DM, Vigil A, Hung C, Nakajima R, Liang L, Trieu A, Doolan DL, Thomas JE, Levy MG, Reichard MV, Felgner PL, Cohn LA, Birkenheuer AJ. Identification of Cytauxzoon felis antigens via protein microarray and assessment of expression library immunization against cytauxzoonosis. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:44. [PMID: 30618510 PMCID: PMC6310948 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytauxzoonosis is a disease of felids in North America caused by the tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasite Cytauxzoon felis. Cytauxzoonosis is particularly virulent for domestic cats, but no vaccine currently exists. The parasite cannot be cultivated in vitro, presenting a significant limitation for vaccine development. Methods Recent sequencing of the C. felis genome has identified over 4300 putative protein-encoding genes. From this pool we constructed a protein microarray containing 673 putative C. felis proteins. This microarray was probed with sera from C. felis-infected and naïve cats to identify differentially reactive antigens which were incorporated into two expression library vaccines, one polyvalent and one monovalent. We assessed the efficacy of these vaccines to prevent of infection and/or disease in a tick-challenge model. Results Probing of the protein microarray resulted in identification of 30 differentially reactive C. felis antigens that were incorporated into the two expression library vaccines. However, expression library immunization failed to prevent infection or disease in cats challenged with C. felis. Conclusions Protein microarray facilitated high-throughput identification of novel antigens, substantially increasing the pool of characterized C. felis antigens. These antigens should be considered for development of C. felis vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-018-9218-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Schreeg
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building Room 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Henry S Marr
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building Room 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Jaime L Tarigo
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building Room 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA.,2College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Meredith K Sherrill
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Hilton K Outi
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Elizabeth H Scholl
- 4College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, 2501 Founders Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - David M Bird
- 4College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, 2501 Founders Dr, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Adam Vigil
- 5School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Chris Hung
- 5School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- 5School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Li Liang
- 5School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Angela Trieu
- 6QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane City, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- 6QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane City, QLD 4006 Australia.,7Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Dr, Douglas, QLD 4814 Australia
| | - Jennifer E Thomas
- 8Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 208 S McFarland St, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Michael G Levy
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building Room 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - Mason V Reichard
- 8Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 208 S McFarland St, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- 5School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Adam J Birkenheuer
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Research Building Room 464, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
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Klinger C. Mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapy for canine atopic dermatitis? Vet Rec 2018; 183:651-653. [PMID: 30504161 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klinger
- DVM, Residency ACVD / ECVD completed, Tierklinik Stuttgart Plieningen, Hermann-Fein-Strasse 15, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Meichner K, Kiupel M, Kasantikul T, Rakich P, Banovic F. Lokivetmab therapy for pruritus in a dog with cutaneous mastocytosis. Vet Dermatol 2018; 30:73-e22. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; 501 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations and Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; 4125 Beaumont Road Lansing MI 48910 USA
| | - Tanit Kasantikul
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations and Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine; Michigan State University; 4125 Beaumont Road Lansing MI 48910 USA
| | - Pauline Rakich
- Department of Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; 501 D.W. Brooks Drive Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; 2200 College Station Road Athens GA 30602 USA
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41
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Nakahara T, Furue M. Nemolizumab and Atopic Dermatitis: the Interaction Between Interleukin-31 and Interleukin-31 Receptor as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Pruritus in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-018-0191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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42
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Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 30323921 PMCID: PMC6172809 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Katharina Yvonne Gedon
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Steffen Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Olivry T, Bensignor E, Favrot C, Griffin CE, Hill PB, Mueller RS, Plant JD, Williams HC. Development of a core outcome set for therapeutic clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (COSCAD'18). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:238. [PMID: 30115047 PMCID: PMC6097451 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the efficacy of interventions in clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) relied on heterogeneous evaluations of skin lesions and pruritus using unvalidated tools. Although some instruments for clinical signs were validated later, there was little impact on standardizing outcome measures resulting in difficulties in comparing treatment efficacy between trials and impeding meta-analyses. RESULTS Participants in the Outcome Measures subcommittee of the International Committee of Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) collaborated for two years to develop a core outcome set (COS) for canine AD, the COSCAD. This project involved several steps, constantly-re-assessed during online exchanges, to define the scope of this COS, to identify the relevant stakeholders, the domains to be evaluated, the instruments available for measuring agreed-upon domains and how to express outcome measures. This COSCAD'18 was designed principally for therapeutic-but not preventive or proactive-clinical trials enrolling dogs with chronic, nonseasonal (perennial), moderate-to-severe AD. Selected domains were skin lesions, pruritus manifestations and perception of treatment efficacy. Instruments to evaluate these domains were the CADESI4 or CADLI, the 10-point pruritus visual analog scale (PVAS10) and the Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE), respectively. The COSCAD'18 has three outcome measures: the percentages of dogs with veterinarian-assessed skin lesions or owner-rated pruritus manifestation scores in the range of normal dogs or those with mild AD; the third is a good-to-excellent global assessment by the pet owners of their perception of treatment efficacy. Importantly, this COSCAD'18 is not meant to represent the sole-or primary-outcome measures evaluated in a trial; authors are always free to add any others, which they deem will best assess the efficacy of tested interventions. Benchmarks to define a threshold for treatment success were not set, as what constitutes a clinically-relevant therapeutic efficacy is expected to vary greatly depending interventions. CONCLUSIONS This COSCAD'18 should help veterinarians and owners compare the benefits of treatments in future trials. This COS should also facilitate the combination of trial results in future systematic reviews, thereby producing more reliable summary estimates of treatment effects and enhancing evidence-based veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Bensignor
- Dermatology for Animals, Rennes, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Paris, France.,Dermatology for Animals, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Favrot
- Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter B Hill
- Companion Animal Health Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ralf S Mueller
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hywel C Williams
- Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham Kings Meadow Campus, Lenton Lane, Nottingham, UK
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Furue M. T helper type 2 signatures in atopic dermatitis. JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cia2.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing; Department of Dermatology; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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45
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Furue M, Yamamura K, Kido‐Nakahara M, Nakahara T, Fukui Y. Emerging role of interleukin-31 and interleukin-31 receptor in pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2018; 73:29-36. [PMID: 28670717 DOI: 10.1111/all.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing, eczematous, severely pruritic skin disorder associated with skin barrier dysfunction. The lesional skin of AD exhibits T helper 2 (TH 2)-deviated immune reactions. Interleukin-31 (IL-31), preferentially produced from TH 2 cells, is a potent pruritogenic cytokine, and its systemic and local administration induces scratching behavior in rodents, dogs and monkeys. Recent clinical trials have revealed that administration of an anti-IL-31 receptor antibody significantly alleviates pruritus in patients with AD. In this review, we summarize recent topics related to IL-31 and its receptor with special references to atopic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Furue
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Skin Surface Sensing Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
- Research and clinical center for Yusho and dioxin Kyushu University Hospital Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - K. Yamamura
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Skin Surface Sensing Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - M. Kido‐Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Skin Surface Sensing Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology and Division of Skin Surface Sensing Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Y. Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Immunology Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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46
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Marsella R, Ahrens K, Sanford R. Investigation of the correlation of serum IL-31 with severity of dermatitis in an experimental model of canine atopic dermatitis using beagle dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 29:69-e28. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- UF Comparative Dermatology Laboratory; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Kim Ahrens
- UF Comparative Dermatology Laboratory; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
| | - Rachel Sanford
- UF Comparative Dermatology Laboratory; Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32608 USA
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47
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Moyaert H, Van Brussel L, Borowski S, Escalada M, Mahabir SP, Walters RR, Stegemann MR. A blinded, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab compared to ciclosporin in client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:593-e145. [PMID: 28906040 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lokivetmab is an injectable anti-canine-IL-31 monoclonal antibody to treat clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To characterize the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab, and to demonstrate its noninferiority to ciclosporin under field conditions. ANIMALS Dogs with chronic AD (n = 274) were enrolled from 40 practices in Belgium, The Netherlands, France and Germany. METHODS Animals were randomized (1:1) to oral ciclosporin (5 mg/kg/once daily) or monthly injectable lokivetmab (1-3.3 mg/kg) for three months. Eighty one animals that successfully completed the comparative phase were enrolled in a continuation phase receiving lokivetmab for an additional six months. Owners assessed pruritus on a Visual Analog Scale, skin lesions were assessed by veterinary investigators with a Canine AD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-03) scale. RESULTS Lokivetmab was noninferior to ciclosporin for pruritus reduction on Day 28 (51.90% versus 43.72%). For Day 28 CADESI-03 percentage reduction, noninferiority of lokivetmab (54.17) versus ciclosporin (56.86%) was not achieved. At none of the time points were mean CADESI-03 scores significantly different between groups. Continued efficacy towards pruritus and lesions was demonstrated in the continuation phase where 76.3% of animals (n = 45) were assessed as 'normal' for pruritus at study end. No abnormal health events associated with lokivetmab were observed during the initial three month phase (142 dogs) or during the subsequent six month phase (81 dogs). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Lokivetmab at a minimum monthly dose of 1 mg/kg provided quick onset (within one day) of a lasting effect in reducing pruritus and skin lesions with a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Moyaert
- VMRD, Zoetis Belgium SA, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Brussel
- VMRD, Zoetis Belgium SA, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Stasia Borowski
- VMRD, Zoetis Belgium SA, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Monica Escalada
- VMRD, Zoetis Belgium SA, Mercuriusstraat 20, Zaventem, 1930, Belgium
| | - Sean P Mahabir
- VMRD, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Rodney R Walters
- VMRD, Zoetis Inc., 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
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48
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DeBoer DJ. The future of immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: a review. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:25-e6. [PMID: 28133873 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a foundation treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), though few critical studies have documented its effectiveness as a disease-modifying treatment in dogs. The mechanisms by which ASIT works in dogs have not been elucidated, although they are likely to parallel those known for humans. Current ASIT approaches in CAD focus on either subcutaneous or sublingual administration. Greater knowledge of major allergens in dogs, ideal dosage regimes and details of allergen admixture are likely to lead to better efficacy in CAD. Evaluation of biomarkers for successful therapy may also be of benefit. Potentially important advances in human medicine, that have yet to be explored in dogs, include use of modified allergen preparations such as allergoids, recombinant major allergens or allergen peptides; modification with adjuvants; or packaging of the above in virus-like particles. Co-administration of immunomodulators such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or specific monoclonal antibodies might direct the immune response in the desired direction while calming the "cytokine storm" of active disease. Initial trials of alternative routes of administration such as intralymphatic immunotherapy have yielded exciting results in humans, and continuing study in dogs is underway. Progress in ASIT of human food allergy may provide clues that will assist with improved diagnosis and patient management of CAD. Importantly, further study must be undertaken to clarify the conditions under which ASIT is a valuable treatment modality for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J DeBoer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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49
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Laprais A, Dunston SM, Torres SMF, Favrot C, Olivry T. Evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibres in the skin of normal and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:355-e80. [PMID: 28133844 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in intraepidermal nerve fibres (IENFs) is rising in human medicine, because variations in fibre density occur in some diseases and these neurites might contribute to disease pathogenesis. An increase in IENF density is seen in human atopic dermatitis (AD); there are no such data in atopic dogs. OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of IENFs in normal and atopic canine skin. METHODS Eight millimetre skin punch biopsies were taken from six sites of 25 healthy dogs without dermatitis and compared to lesional and nonlesional skin samples of dogs with AD (23 and 14 dogs, respectively). Thirty micrometre-thick paraffin-embedded sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for neuronal beta-3 tubulin. Only sections with detectable dermal nerves were then screened for the presence of IENFs. RESULTS IENFs were identified in all 25 normal nasal planum sections, but in only one biopsy collected from each of the normal canine haired skin (NCHS) sites. As there was no significant difference in IENF prevalence between NCHS areas, they were grouped together. The rate of detection of IENFs was significantly higher (one-tailed Fisher's test, P = 0.004) in lesional AD specimens (18 of 23; 78%) than in nonlesional AD (four of 14; 29%) and NCHS specimens (four of 111; 4%, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of IENF detection in nonlesional AD samples was significantly higher than in normal canine skin (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE IENFs are detected more commonly in canine AD than in normal haired skin; these results are comparable to those seen for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Laprais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Stanley M Dunston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Sheila M F Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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