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Ekici YE, Ok M. Investigation of the relationship between atopic dermatitis of dogs and intestinal epithelial damage. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1453. [PMID: 38648253 PMCID: PMC11034634 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant association between atopic dermatitis and leaky gut syndrome has been demonstrated in humans. No studies have been conducted to determine whether there is an association between atopic dermatitis and intestinal damage in dogs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between canine atopic dermatitis and intestinal damage using selected intestinal-related biomarkers. METHODS Twenty-six dogs with atopic dermatitis and 10 healthy dogs were included. Moderate-to-severe pruritus, erythema, erosion and alopecia on different parts of the body were sought in dogs to suspect atopic dermatitis. The presence of atopic dermatitis was confirmed by an allergic skin test. Serum biomarkers including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples. RESULTS Of the 26 dogs tested for allergens, 16 were found to be sensitive to mould mites, 10 to vernal grass, eight to house dust mites, five to wheat dust and five to grass pollen mix allergens. Significant increases in serum IAP, TFF-3, IgE, IL-4 and IL-13 concentrations were determined. CONCLUSION It was thought that the increase in TFF-3 and IAP concentrations may be due to the presence of intestinal epithelial damage and the repair of this damage. In addition, the development of atopic dermatitis may be predisposed to the entry of allergens into the body through sites of intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Emre Ekici
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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Qin JJ, Zhu H, Song ZW, Hou XJ, Wang XM, Wang L, Li JX. A randomized double-blind clinical trial: Comparison of oclacitinib with a traditional Chinese herbal medicine product (Dihuang Guiqin capsule) in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105221. [PMID: 38490043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, which seriously affects the quality of life for both dogs and their owners. Currently, the common therapeutic drugs in the clinic have disadvantages such as obvious adverse effects and high prices. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCHM) has great potential for the treatment of cAD. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different doses of the TCHM product (Dihuang Guiqin capsule) and oclacitinib in the treatment of cAD through a randomized, double-blind trial. Sixty dogs diagnosed with AD were randomly and evenly divided into four groups (n = 15). The TCHM treatment group consisted of three subgroups that received three different oral doses (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg BW), while the control group received 0.5 mg/kg BW of oclacitinib. Each group was administered twice daily for 14 consecutive days. The results showed that both TCHM and oclacitinib significantly improved cAD-induced itching (evaluated by pVAS) and skin lesions (evaluated by CADESI-04), while interleukin 31 (IL-31) concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and serum biochemical indicators returned to normal. In particular, The therapeutic effects of TCHM medium- and high-dose groups were similar to those of oclacitinib (P > 0.05). The preliminary recommended dose of Dihuang Guiqin capsule for the treatment of cAD has been determined to be 40-60 mg/kg BW twice daily for 14 consecutive days, which can be reduced to once daily as appropriate. Dihuang Guiqin capsule was safe and well tolerated, which may be a new option for the treatment of cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China; Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Zhe-Wen Song
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Hou
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Xiu-Min Wang
- Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jian-Xi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Santoro D, Saridomikelakis MN, Eisenschenk MNC, Hensel P, Pucheu-Haston C. Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:25-39. [PMID: 37485553 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD. OBJECTIVES To summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on cytokines and chemokines relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. RESULTS Advances in technologies have allowed the simultaneous analysis of a broader range of cytokines and chemokines, which revealed an upregulation of a multipolar immunological axis (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22) in cAD. Most studies focused on specific cytokines, which were proposed as potential novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for cAD, such as interleukin-31. Most other cytokines and chemokines had inconsistent results, perhaps as a consequence of their varied involvement in the pathogenesis of different endotypes of cAD. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inconsistent results for many cytokines and chemokines illustrate the difficulty of studying the complex cytokine and chemokine networks in cAD, and highlight the need for more comprehensive and structured studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cherie Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Bradley CW, Mauldin EA, Morris DO. A review of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in dogs: A diagnostician's guide to allergy. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:783-795. [PMID: 37515434 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231189298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergic dermatoses are common in people and domestic animals. Resultant lesions are routinely biopsied and submitted for histological examination to confirm a diagnosis or rule out diseases with overlapping or atypical clinical features. Diagnostic pathologists and clinicians are often faced with the difficult task of determining whether an allergic reaction pattern is present on both the microscopic and macroscopic levels and correlating histopathologic findings with clinical and historical data to achieve a precise clinical diagnosis. The bulk of the current veterinary literature on allergic dermatoses focuses on atopic dermatitis in dogs, distantly followed by cats, horses, and other animals. The objectives of this review are to demonstrate the key histopathologic and clinical diagnostic features of the various allergy-mediated reaction patterns, and to provide diagnosticians with a practical guide for clinicopathological correlations. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, with a focus on atopic dermatitis, are discussed. Points of potential histopathologic overlap between the "classic" allergic reaction pattern and less common inflammatory, predominately eosinophilic, conditions that may mimic this pattern will be discussed with the goal of highlighting the critical need for collaboration between pathologists and clinicians in furthering patient care.
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Marsella R, White S, Fadok VA, Wilson D, Mueller R, Outerbridge C, Rosenkrantz W. Equine allergic skin diseases: Clinical consensus guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:175-208. [PMID: 37154488 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic skin diseases are common in horses worldwide. The most common causes are insect bites and environmental allergens. OBJECTIVES To review the current literature and provide consensus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed the literature up to November 2022. Results were presented at North America Veterinary Dermatology Forum (2021) and European Veterinary Dermatology Congress (2021). The report was available to member organisations of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology for feedback. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the best characterised allergic skin disease. An immunoglobulin (Ig)E response against Culicoides salivary antigens is widely documented. Genetics and environmental factors play important roles. Tests with high sensitivity and specificity are lacking, and diagnosis of IBH is based on clinical signs, seasonality and response to insect control. Eosinophils, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-31 are explored as therapeutic targets. Presently, the most effective treatment is insect avoidance. Existing evidence does not support allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using commercially available extracts of Culicoides. Hypersensitivity to environmental allergens (atopic dermatitis) is the next most common allergy. A role for IgE is supported by serological investigation, skin test studies and positive response to ASIT. Prospective, controlled, randomised studies are limited, and treatment relies largely on glucocorticoids, antihistamines and ASIT based on retrospective studies. Foods are known triggers for urticaria, yet their role in pruritic dermatitis is unknown. Recurrent urticaria is common in horses, yet our understanding is limited and focussed on IgE and T-helper 2 cell response. Prospective, controlled studies on treatments for urticaria are lacking. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are primary reported treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - V A Fadok
- Zoetis, US PET CARE, Bellaire, Texas, USA
| | - D Wilson
- School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Mueller
- Medizinische Keleintierklinik, Zentrum für klinische Tiermedizin, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - C Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Kim SW, Kim JH. Establishing an experimental model for canine atopic dermatitis through epicutaneous application of Dermatophagoides farinae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1015915. [PMID: 36337184 PMCID: PMC9632614 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1015915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no established protocol for the development of an experimental canine atopic dermatitis model in laboratory beagles. This study aimed to establish an experimental model that mimics spontaneous canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically, by repeated epicutaneous applications of mite antigens and to describe the entire process including sensitization and provocation in detail for reproducibility. Six intact male laboratory beagle dogs aged 14 months were included in this study. During the sensitization and provocation phase, the house dust mite (HDM) paste consisted of Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f ) and mineral oil, which was applied focally to the 10 × 10 cm area of the right groin as evenly as possible. Further, 120 mg of Der f was applied to each dog twice a week for 12 weeks during the sensitization phase and 25 mg and 120 mg was applied to each dog for the first 2 weeks and subsequent 2 weeks, respectively, during the provocation phase. Thereafter, the applied area was covered with a dressing. Skin lesions including erythema, hyperpigmentation, excoriation, and lichenification were induced and exacerbated gradually through the experimental time course in all six dogs. The canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI) score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) significantly increased after sensitization and provocation. IL-13 and IL-31 levels increased significantly after provocation as a result of the activation of the T helper-2 (Th2) response. On the contrary, the IL-10 levels decreased significantly after sensitization, which suggested a suppression of Tregs activity. After the completion of provocation, skin microbiome analysis showed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, which indicated bacterial dysbiosis. This study demonstrated that epicutaneous application of HDM in beagle dogs resulted in the elevation of serum HDM-specific IgE levels and clinical atopic scores, a high TEWL, and microbiome dysbiosis resembling spontaneous CAD. These results suggest that this tailored protocol of epicutaneous exposure to Der f may provide support for the development of the experimental CAD model in laboratory beagles.
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Campanati A, Orciani M, Marani A, Di Vincenzo M, Magi S, Gregoriou S, Diotallevi F, Martina E, Radi G, Offidani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Profile in Adult Atopic Dermatitis and Effect of IL4-IL13 Inflammatory Pathway Inhibition In Vivo: Prospective Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164759. [PMID: 36013001 PMCID: PMC9409772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory disease that typically begins in childhood and may persist into adulthood, becoming a lifelong condition. The major inflammatory mediators of AD are known to be interleukin IL4 and IL13, so Dupilumab, which is able to inhibit both interleukins by blocking the shared IL4Rα subunit, has become an attractive option for treating AD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the onset and development of AD by secreting specific interleukins. The aim of this study was to isolate MSCs from healthy controls (C-MSCs) and patients with AD before (AD-MSCs T0) and after 16 weeks of treatment with Dupilumab (AD-MSCs T16); to evaluate the expression mainly of IL4 and IL13 and of other inflammatory cytokines in C-MSCs, AD-MSCs at T0 and at T16; and to evaluate the efficacy of Dupilumab on MSCs immunobiology. C- and AD-MSCs (T0, T16) were isolated from skin specimens and characterized; the expression/secretion of IL4 and IL13 was evaluated using immuno-cytochemistry (ICC), indirect immune-fluorescence (IIF) and an ELISA test; secretion of IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10, IL12, IL13, IL17A, Interferon gamma (IFNγ), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), and Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGFβ1) were measured with ELISA. IL13 and IL6 were over-expressed, while IL4 was down-regulated in AD-MSCs at T0 compared to C-MSCs. IL6 and IL13 expression was restored after 16 weeks of Dupilumab treatment, while no significant effects on IL4 expression were noted. Finally, IL2, IL5, IL10, IL12, IL17A, INFγ, TNFα, G-CSF, and TGFβ1 were similarly secreted by C- and AD-MSCs. Although Dupilumab blocks the IL4Rα subunit shared by IL4 and IL13, it is evident that its real target is IL13, and its ability to target IL13 in MSCs reinforces the evidence, already known in differentiated cells, of the central role IL13 rather than IL4 in the development of AD. The inflammatory cascade in AD begins at the mesenchymal level, so an upstream therapeutic intervention, able to modify the immunobiology of atopic MSCs, could potentially change the natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Campanati
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Orciani
- Histology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Marani
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-5963433
| | - Mariangela Di Vincenzo
- Histology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Magi
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stamatios Gregoriou
- Faculty of Medicine, 1st Department of Dermatology-Venereology at Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University in Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
| | - Federico Diotallevi
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martina
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
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Verde MT, Villanueva-Saz S, Loste A, Marteles D, Pereboom D, Conde T, Fernández A. Comparison of circulating CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes and cytokine profiles between dogs with atopic dermatitis and healthy dogs. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Tamamoto-Mochizuki C, Olivry T. IL-31 and IL-31 receptor expression in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:631-e169. [PMID: 34796564 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To optimise the interleukin (IL)-31-blocking therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD), an understanding of the chronology in the expression of IL-31 and its receptor (IL-31RA) is needed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES (i) To assess the chronological expression of IL-31 in canine AD skin lesions, (ii) to compare it with serum IL-31 levels and macroscopic skin lesion scores, and (iii) to determine the identity of IL-31- and IL-31RA-positive cells. ANIMALS Four atopic dogs sensitised to house dust mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Skin and blood samples were obtained 0 h, 24 h, 48 and 96 h after allergen provocation. IL-31 and IL-31RA single-staining immunofluorescence (IF), as well as IL-31/CD3, IL-31/CD4 and IL-31RA/β3-tubulin double-staining IF were performed. The IL-31-positive cells were counted subjectively. RESULTS The peak IL-31 expression for three of four dogs occurred 24 h or 48 h postchallenge; it started to decrease at 96 h. There was no significant correlation between the IL-31 expression scores and the serum IL-31 concentrations or the macroscopic skin lesion scores (P = 0.35 and P = 0.36, respectively). The majority of IL-31-positive cells were positive for CD3 (range 91-100%) and CD4 (range 63-100%), indicating that they were helper T (Th) cells. Unexpectedly, sebaceous glands were strongly immunolabelled with IL-31; the extinction of this positivity after immunoabsorption with IL-31 further supported the validity of this immunostaining. The IL-31RA was visualised on keratinocytes and a small proportion of dermal nerves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The early and transient production of IL-31 by Th cells supports the concept of using IL-31 inhibiting strategies as a proactive therapy to prevent flares of AD skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tamamoto-Mochizuki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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Outerbridge CA, Jordan TJ. Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. ADVANCES IN SMALL ANIMAL CARE 2021; 2:101-115. [PMID: 35721364 PMCID: PMC9204668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95691, USA,
| | - Tyler J.M. Jordan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Local and Systemic Changes in Lipid Profile as Potential Biomarkers for Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100670. [PMID: 34677385 PMCID: PMC8541266 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a critical role in the skin as components of the epidermal barrier and as signaling and antimicrobial molecules. Atopic dermatitis in dogs is associated with changes in the lipid composition of the skin, but whether these precede or follow the onset of dermatitis is unclear. We applied rapid lipid-profiling mass spectrometry to skin and blood of 30 control and 30 atopic dogs. Marked differences in lipid profiles were observed between control, nonlesional, and lesional skin. The lipid composition of blood from control and atopic dogs was different, indicating systemic changes in lipid metabolism. Female and male dogs differed in the degree of changes in the skin and blood lipid profiles. Treatment with oclacitinib or lokivetmab ameliorated the skin condition and caused changes in skin and blood lipids. A set of lipid features of the skin was selected as a biomarker that classified samples as control or atopic dermatitis with 95% accuracy, whereas blood lipids discriminated between control and atopic dogs with 90% accuracy. These data suggest that canine atopic dermatitis is a systemic disease and support the use of rapid lipid profiling to identify novel biomarkers.
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Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk A, Jaroszewski JJ, Maślanka T. Oclacitinib, a Janus Kinase Inhibitor, Reduces the Frequency of IL-4- and IL-10-, but Not IFN-γ-, Producing Murine CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells and Counteracts the Induction of Type 1 Regulatory T Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:5655. [PMID: 34577127 PMCID: PMC8472008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to broaden the knowledge and understanding of the effects of oclacitinib (OCL), a Janus kinase inhibitor, on T cells in the context of both the immune mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the drug and its safety. The results indicate that beneficial effects of OCL in the treatment of skin allergic diseases may be partially mediated by the inhibition of IL-4 production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. To a certain extent, the antiproliferative effect of OCL on CD8+ T cells may also contribute to its therapeutic effect. The study found that OCL does not affect the proliferation of CD4+ T cells or the number of IFN-γ- and IL-17-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, OCL was found to counteract the induction of type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and to act as a strong inhibitor of IL-10 production in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Thus, these results indicate that beneficial effects of OCL in the treatment of skin allergic diseases are not mediated through: (a) the abolishment of IFN-γ and IL-17-production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; (b) generation of Tr1 cells; (c) inhibition of CD4+ T cell proliferation; (d) induction of IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells. The results of this study strongly suggest that, with respect to the evaluated parameters, OCL exerts a suppressive effect on Th2- but not Th1-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jasiecka-Mikołajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.J.J.); (T.M.)
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Shin N, Jung N, Lee SE, Kong D, Kim NG, Kook MG, Park H, Choi SW, Lee S, Kang KS. Pimecrolimus interferes the therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells in atopic dermatitis by regulating NFAT-COX2 signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:482. [PMID: 34454603 PMCID: PMC8399851 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) therapy has recently been considered a promising treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) due to their immunomodulation and tissue regeneration ability. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that hMSCs alleviate allergic inflammation in murine AD model by inhibiting the activation of mast cells and B cells. Also our phase I/IIa clinical trial showed clinical efficacy and safety of hMSCs in moderate-to-severe adult AD patients. However, hMSCs therapy against atopic dermatitis have had poor results in clinical field. Therefore, we investigated the reason behind this result. We hypothesized that drug–cell interaction could interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, and investigated whether coadministration with pimecrolimus, one of the topical calcineurin inhibitors, could influence the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) in AD. Methods hUCB-MSCs were subcutaneously injected to AD-induced mice with or without pimecrolimus topical application. To examine whether pimecrolimus influenced the immunomodulatory activity of hUCB-MSCs, hUCB-MSCs were treated with pimecrolimus. Results Pimecrolimus disturbed the therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSCs when they were co-administered in murine AD model. Moreover, the inhibitory functions of hUCB-MSCs against type 2 helper T (Th2) cell differentiation and mast cell activation were also deteriorated by pimecrolimus treatment. Interestingly, we found that pimecrolimus decreased the production of PGE2, one of the most critical immunomodulatory factors in hUCB-MSCs. And we demonstrated that pimecrolimus downregulated COX2-PGE2 axis by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NFAT3. Conclusions Coadministration of pimecrolimus with hMSCs could interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of hMSCs in atopic dermatitis, and this is the first study that figured out the interaction of hMSCs with other drugs in cell therapy of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, this study might give rise to improvement of the clinical application of hMSCs therapy and facilitate the widespread application of hMSCs in clinical field. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02547-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Jung
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd., Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyo Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Kook
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Park
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd., Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Bioengineering Institute, Global R&D Center, Kangstem Biotech Co. Ltd., Ace Highend Tower 8, 84, Gasan digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08590, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070124. [PMID: 34357916 PMCID: PMC8310319 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals. Dogs closely mimic the complexity of the human skin disease, and much progress has been made in recent years in terms of our understanding of the role of skin impairment and the identification of new treatments. Cats and horses also develop atopic syndromes which include both cutaneous and respiratory signs, yet studies in these species are lagging. It is now recognized that atopic dermatitis is not a single disease but a multifaceted clinical syndrome with different pathways in various subgroups of patients. Appreciating this complexity is clinically relevant as we develop more targeted treatments which may work well in some patients but not in others. Different phenotypes of atopic dermatitis have been described in dogs, and it is possible that phenotypes related to breed and age may exist in other animals similar to how they are described in people. The awareness of different mechanisms of disease leads to the desire to correlate different phenotypes with specific biomarkers and responses to treatment. In this review, the current understanding and updated information on atopic syndrome in animals are described, highlighting opportunities for further studies in the future.
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Kanwal S, Singh SK, Soman SP, Choudhury S, Kumari P, Ram PK, Garg SK. Expression of barrier proteins in the skin lesions and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11418. [PMID: 34075152 PMCID: PMC8169657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases of dogs. Defects in the skin barrier and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines may be the pathogenesis of canine AD. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the gene expression of certain skin barrier proteins and inflammatory cytokines in dogs with AD. Eleven dogs with AD and three healthy dogs were included in the present study. The skin barrier proteins, namely Filaggrin (FLG) and Involucrin (IVL), gene expression was quantified by Real-time PCR in the lesional skin tissues of the atopic dogs and normal skin of the healthy dogs. In addition to the skin proteins, the gene expressions of the interleukin (IL)-13, IL-31, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also quantified in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of these dogs. Compared to the healthy dogs, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) FLG gene expression and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower expression of the IVL gene were quantified in the skin of atopic dogs. Further, the dogs with AD revealed significantly higher expression of TNF-α (P ≤ 0.01), IL-31 (P ≤ 0.05), and IL-13 (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to the healthy dogs. The findings of our present study evidently suggest significantly increased and decreased expressions of FLG and IVL genes, respectively, which may be responsible for disruption of the skin barrier in dogs with AD. While, the over-expressions of TNF-α, IL-31, and IL-13 genes might be attributed to the clinical pathology and manifestations of AD in dogs. However, further studies are warranted to substantiate our hypothesis about pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of AD in dogs by including a large number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kanwal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Shanker K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India.
| | - Sandeep P Soman
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Priyambada Kumari
- College of Biotechnology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Pradeep K Ram
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sanstahan (DUVASU), Mathura, U.P., 281 001, India
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Shiomitsu S, Gillen J, Frasca S, Santoro D. Evaluation of the cutaneous expression of IL-17, IL-22, IL-31, and their receptors in canine atopic dermatitis. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:74-80. [PMID: 33588097 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukins (IL)-17, IL-22, and IL-31 play roles in human atopic dermatitis (AD), but scant information is available on canine AD. Histopathological assessment for interleukin expression is a challenge due to a lack of canine specific antibodies. To evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of IL-17 and IL-22, and mRNA expression of IL-31 and their receptors in the skin of healthy and atopic dogs, seventeen atopic (10 with and 7 without an active infection) and 13 healthy privately owned dogs were sampled. RNAscope® In situ hybridization (ISH) for IL-17, IL-22, IL-31, and their receptors was performed on archived canine skin samples. Simultaneously, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) was performed for IL-17 and IL-22. RNAscope® ISH probes were validated by RT-PCR and RNAscope® ISH on cytospin preparations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic dogs. IL-17, IL-22, IL-31, and their receptors were successfully detected by RNAscope® ISH and by IIF (IL-17 and IL-22) in both atopic and healthy canine skin. There was no significant difference in the expression of interleukins and their receptors between healthy and atopic skin with or without active infection. Data from both methodologies were similar. The role and the relationship among those proteins in atopic skin is unclear from this study results. Data from IIF and ISH were overlapping and support each other. Fresh skin samples taken at different times during the development of atopic dermatitis might better assess the role that interleukins and their receptors play in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - James Gillen
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Salvatore Frasca
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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17
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Interleukin-31 and Pruritic Skin. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091906. [PMID: 33924978 PMCID: PMC8124688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin inflammation often evokes pruritus, which is the major subjective symptom in many inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Pruritus or itch is a specific sensation found only in the skin. Recent studies have stressed the pivotal role played by interleukin-31 (IL-31) in the sensation of pruritus. IL-31 is produced by various cells including T helper 2 cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and eosinophils. IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor composed of IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) and oncostatin M receptor β. Recent clinical trials have shown that the anti-IL-31RA antibody nemolizumab can successfully decrease pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. The IL-31 pathway and pruritic skin are highlighted in this review article.
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Marsella R. Advances in our understanding of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:547-e151. [PMID: 33891338 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically inherited clinical syndrome that encompasses a diversity of mechanisms and can have a variety of triggers. Development of clinical disease is the result of genetic factors and environmental conditions, which shape the resulting immunological response. Clinical disease becomes evident once a threshold of inflammatory response is achieved. Skin barrier impairment plays a role in promoting cutaneous dysbiosis and increased allergen penetration. Keratinocytes shape the response of dendritic cells and subsequent lymphocytic response. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin is one of the links between the damaged skin barrier and the modulation of a T-helper (Th)2 response. It is still unclear whether mutations in skin barrier genes exist in atopic dogs, as they do in humans, or whether the observed alterations are purely secondary to inflammation. A dysregulated immune response with increased Th2, Th17 and CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells has been reported. A variety of cytokines [interleukin(IL)-31, IL-34, Macrophage migration inhibitory factor] are proposed as potential biomarkers and treatment targets because they are increased in the serum of atopic dogs when compared to controls, although a correlation between serum levels of these factors and severity of disease is not always present. The main issue with many published studies is that atopic dogs are always only compared to normal controls. Thus, it is unclear whether the changes that we find are truly a signature of cAD or merely a manifestation of nonspecific broad inflammatory responses. Studies considering comparison with other inflammatory diseases different from cAD are urgently needed to correctly identify what is specific to this complicated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Herrmann I, Kradischnig C, Skor O, Pakozdy A, Panakova L. Higher prevalence of seizure activity in a small population of atopic dogs: a retrospective breed- and age-matched study. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:126-e27. [PMID: 33245178 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered to be a systemic disease in people shown to have an association with epilepsy. However, so far, no data about the association of epilepsy and atopy have been reported in dogs. OBJECTIVES Given the homology between human and canine AD, and the increased incidence of epilepsy in atopic people, we investigated the association between AD and seizure-associated activity in a small canine population. ANIMALS We included 34 atopic dogs and 34 breed- and age range-matched nonatopic dogs. METHODS AND MATERIALS We investigated the association between canine AD and signs of seizures in a retrospective, breed- and age range-matched, case-controlled study. Dog owners were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The presence or absence of signs of seizure activity and possible comorbidities were questioned. RESULTS Seven of the 34 atopic dogs also suffered from seizure activity. By contrast, only one dog affected with seizure signs could be identified among the 34 nonatopic dogs. Atopic dermatitis was associated with a higher frequency of seizure activity (McNemar test, P = 0.035; one-sided) and atopic dogs had a higher odds ratio to develop seizures [(95% CI) 7 (0.9-56.9)] compared to the age- and breed-matched nonatopic control group. No other comorbidities were detected. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE In our small retrospective study, we observed an increased prevalence of seizure activity in the atopic dog population. Further larger and prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Herrmann
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.,Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Clarissa Kradischnig
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Ondrej Skor
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Akos Pakozdy
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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Asahina R, Ueda K, Oshima Y, Kanei T, Kato M, Furue M, Tsukui T, Nagata M, Maeda S. Serum canine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:446-455. [PMID: 32945018 PMCID: PMC7756442 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Serum TARC concentrations are a reliable biomarker for human atopic dermatitis; however, their potential as a biomarker for cAD has not been investigated. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate whether serum TARC concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD. Animals Thirty‐nine dogs with cAD and 42 healthy dogs were recruited. Methods and materials Serum TARC concentrations in dogs with cAD and healthy dogs were measured by sandwich ELISA with anti‐canine TARC antibodies. The clinical severity of cAD was scored using the validated Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04). Serum TARC concentrations were compared between dogs with cAD and healthy controls, and their relationship with CADESI‐04 was examined. Serum TARC concentrations also were measured in 20 dogs with cAD treated with prednisolone or oclacitinib for four weeks. Results Serum TARC concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with cAD than in healthy dogs (P < 0.001). In dogs with cAD, serum TARC concentrations correlated with CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.457, P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum TARC concentrations significantly decreased in treated dogs with the attenuation of clinical signs (P < 0.001). Changes in serum TARC concentrations before and after treatment correlated with those in CADESI‐04 scores (ρ = 0.746, P < 0.001). Conclusions and clinical relevance Serum TARC concentrations have potential as a clinical and research tool for the objective evaluation of disease severity and therapeutic responses for cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Asahina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog and Cat Medical Center, 27-4 Kashiwaba Naka-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-0866, Japan
| | - Yuri Oshima
- Dermatology Services for Dogs and Cats, TANDEM Hirano Bld. 1F 2-11-14 Hirano Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0023, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Kanei
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kato
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tsukui
- Animal Life Science Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., 1-1 Tairanoue Sasagawa Asaka-machi Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0196, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nagata
- Dermatology Service, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, 815 Ishigami Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0823, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Daltro SRT, Meira CS, Santos IP, Ribeiro dos Santos R, Soares MBP. Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Atopic Dermatitis: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:326. [PMID: 32478072 PMCID: PMC7240073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are stromal-derived non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that reside in and can be expanded from various tissues sources of adult and neonatal origin, such as the bone marrow, umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, placenta, dental pulp and skin. The discovery of the immunosuppressing action of MSCs on T cells has opened new perspectives for their use as a therapeutic agent for immune-mediated disorders, including allergies. Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic and relapsing skin disorder that affects up to 20% of children and up to 3% of adults worldwide, is characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions, impaired cutaneous barrier function, Th2 type immune hyperactivation and, frequently, elevation of serum immunoglobulin E levels. Although, in the dermatology field, the application of MSCs as a therapeutic agent was initiated using the concept of cell replacement for skin defects and wound healing, accumulating evidence have shown that MSC-mediated immunomodulation can be applicable to the treatment of inflammatory/allergic skin disorders. Here we reviewed the pre-clinical and clinical studies and possible biological mechanisms of MSCs as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Health Institute of Technology, National Industrial Learning Service - Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus (SENAI-CIMATEC), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Health Institute of Technology, National Industrial Learning Service - Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus (SENAI-CIMATEC), Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Antipruritic Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Fructus cnidii in Mice with 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6981386. [PMID: 32454868 PMCID: PMC7229549 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6981386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and skin lesions. The exact cause of AD is not yet known and the available therapeutic strategies for AD are limited. Fructus cnidii is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine as an herb for treating chronic itch. However, the mechanism underlying the antipruritic effects of Fructus cnidii is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the antipruritic effect of locally administered ethyl acetate extract from Fructus cnidii (EAEFC) to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene- (DNFB-) induced AD in a mouse model. The scratching behavior, skin thickness, dermatitis score, weight, blood immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, and itch-related cytokine levels were subsequently monitored and evaluated. Results showed that EAEFC treatment attenuated the DNFB-induced AD-like symptoms by alleviating the skin lesions and decreasing the dermatitis score. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining analyses demonstrated that EAEFC mitigated the DNFB-induced increase in skin thickness and prevented the infiltration of mast cells. Behavioral tests showed that EAEFC decreased the DNFB-induced acute and chronic scratching behaviors. Furthermore, EAEFC reduced the levels of itch-related cytokines, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin- (IL-) 17, IL-33, and IL-31, and the DNFB-induced boost in serum IgE. Collectively, these results suggest that EAEFC is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of chronic itch in AD.
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