1
|
Pugliese M, Napoli E, La Maestra R, Or ME, Bilgiç B, Previti A, Biondi V, Passantino A. Cardiac Troponin I and Electrocardiographic Evaluation in Hospitalized Cats with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Vet Sci 2023; 10:570. [PMID: 37756092 PMCID: PMC10538112 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies conducted on humans demonstrate the increase in cardiac troponins and the onset of arrhythmias in the course of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The aim of the current study was to assess the blood concentration of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and electrocardiographic findings in SIRS-affected cats. Seventeen shorthair cats hospitalized with SIRS were enrolled (Group 1). SIRS diagnosis was performed based on the detection of at least two of the four criteria such as abnormal body temperature, abnormal heart rate (i.e., tachycardia or bradycardia), abnormal respiratory rate (i.e., tachypnea or bradypnea), and alterations of white blood cell number (i.e., leukocytes or band neutrophils). Ten cats screened for elective surgery such as neutering or dental procedures were evaluated as a control population (Group 2). They were considered healthy based on history, physical examination, hematological and biochemical profile, urinalysis, coprological exam, thyroxine assay, blood pressure measurement, and echocardiography. A physical examination, complete blood cell count, biochemistry test (including an electrolyte panel), electrocardiographic examination, and cTnI assay were carried out in each cat enrolled. Traumatic events, gastrointestinal, neoplastic, respiratory, and neurological disorders were identified as causes of SIRS in Group 1. In Group 1, a significantly higher concentration of cTnI than that in Group 2 was recorded (p = 0.004). In 37.5% of cats with SIRS, ventricular premature complexes occurring in couplets with multiform configuration were detected. Similarly, to humans, data herein reported would indicate possible cardiac damage present in cats with SIRS diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Ettore Napoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Rocky La Maestra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Mehmet Erman Or
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.E.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Bengü Bilgiç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey; (M.E.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Annalisa Previti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Umberto Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.N.); (R.L.M.); (A.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davros AM, Gregory CW, Cockrell DM, Hall KE. Comparison of clinical outcomes in cases of blunt, penetrating, and combination trauma in dogs: A VetCOT registry study. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:74-80. [PMID: 36082427 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcome (survival to discharge) among trauma types (blunt, penetrating, both) in dogs. The secondary objective was to evaluate if other trauma registry parameters differ between trauma types and influence survival. DESIGN Retrospective evaluation of veterinary trauma registry data. SETTING Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) identified Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs). ANIMALS A total of 20,289 canine trauma patients with data entered in the VetCOT trauma registry from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data were obtained from the VetCOT database and included patient demographics, trauma type (blunt, penetrating, both), Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS), abdominal fluid score (AFS), loss of glide sign on thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma (TFAST), pleural effusion on TFAST, surgical procedure performed and in what location (emergency room vs operating room), and outcome. Data from 20,289 dogs were collected over a 30-month period. The most common type of trauma was penetrating (10,816, 53.3%), followed by blunt (8360, 41.2%) and then combined blunt and penetrating trauma (1113, 5.5%). Dogs suffering only penetrating trauma had a 96.5% survival rate, blunt trauma had an 89.5% survival rate, and combined trauma had an 86.3% survival rate. Dogs suffering from both types of trauma had higher ATT scores, lower mGCS scores, and were more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Trauma type, mGCS, and ATT score were found to be associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that dogs suffering from a combination of blunt and penetrating trauma are more likely to suffer moderate to severe injuries, have lower survival rates, and are more likely to be admitted to the ICU compared to dogs suffering from only blunt or penetrating trauma. Trauma type, mGCS, and ATT scores were found to be associated with survival in all groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akaterina M Davros
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carly W Gregory
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Darren M Cockrell
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly E Hall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalnins NJ, Gibson JS, Stewart AJ, Croton C, Purcell SL, Rajapaksha B, Haworth M. Antimicrobials in dog‐to‐dog bite wounds: A retrospective study of 1526 dog bite events (1999‐2019). J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:2028-2041. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J. Kalnins
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Justine S. Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Allison J. Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Catriona Croton
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
- School of Sciences, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences University of Southern Queensland Darling Heights Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah L. Purcell
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Bandula Rajapaksha
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| | - Mark Haworth
- School of Veterinary Science University of Queensland Gatton Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bujok J, Wajman E, Trochanowska-Pauk N, Walski T. Evaluation of selected hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in stored canine CPDA-1 whole blood. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:255. [PMID: 35778742 PMCID: PMC9248166 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood transfusions are mainly given to intensive care patients; therefore, additional complications that could arise from storage lesions in preserved blood should be avoided. It has been shown that human stored red blood cells are subject to changes that are considered to be a number of interdependent processes involving metabolic disarrangement and oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to determine alterations in selected hematological and biochemical parameters and to assess whether and when oxidative stress is a significant phenomenon in stored dog CPDA-1 whole blood. Ten ½ unit bags of whole blood donated from dogs and preserved with CPDA-1 (anticoagulant containing citrate, phosphate, dextrose and adenine) were stored for 5 weeks. Each week, a 9 ml sample was drawn aseptically to measure hematological parameters, selected metabolites, free hemoglobin content, osmotic fragility, antioxidant enzyme activity, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration and protein carbonyl content. The results revealed an MCV decrease in the first week of storage and then a gradual increase; osmotic fragility decreased at that time and remained low throughout the study period. Leukodepletion became significant in the fourth week of storage. The free hemoglobin concentration continuously increased, with the greatest changes observed in the last two weeks of storage. The total antioxidant capacity changed in a reverse manner. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities decreased from week 0 to week 3, and catalase activity tended to decrease over time. The highest malondialdehyde concentrations in blood supernatant were measured in the first week of storage, and the carbonyl concentration increased after 35 days. Hematological changes and oxidative stress are already present in the first week of storage, resulting in depletion of the antioxidant system and subsequent accumulation of oxidation products as well as erythrocyte hemolysis, which are most pronounced at the end of the storage period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Division of Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Eliza Wajman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Trochanowska-Pauk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Walski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heyward C, Hazel S, Peacock R, Nielsen T. Full title: Characteristics and outcomes of dog attacks to dogs and cats in Melbourne, Australia: A retrospective study of 459 cases (2018). Prev Vet Med 2022; 201:105609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Donati P, Londoño LA, Tunes M, Villalta C, Guillemi EC. Retrospective evaluation of the use of quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) as predictor of mortality and length of hospitalization in dogs with pyometra (2013-2019): 52 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:223-228. [PMID: 35166423 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic utility of quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) for prediction of in-hospital mortality and length of hospitalization in dogs with pyometra. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study from February 2013 to April 2019 SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital ANIMALS: Fifty-two dogs referred with confirmed diagnosis of pyometra INTERVENTIONS: None MEASUREMENTS AND PRINCIPAL OUTCOMES: Sixty-five percent of dogs survived to discharge. A cut-off score of ≥2 for qSOFA was associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 6.51 [95% CI: 1.35 - 31.3]) P = 0.019. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for a qSOFA score ≥ 2 for mortality was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59-0.85), with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 66.7%. The mean ± SD number of organs with dysfunction was significantly higher in dogs with a qSOFA score ≥2 1.76 ± 0.83 compared to dogs with a qSOFA score < 2 1.08 ± 1.09, P = 0.015. The presence of a qSOFA score ≥ 2 was associated with a longer time of hospitalization in survivors with a median (interquartile range) length of stay in qSOFA < 2 (48 [33]) hours versus qSOFA score ≥ 2 (78 [52]) hours, P = 0.027. CONCLUSIONS In dogs with pyometra, the qSOFA score was associated with mortality and length of hospitalization. This score might be useful to improve the risk stratification in dogs with pyometra. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the predictive capacity of qSOFA in other septic patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonel A Londoño
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Cesar Villalta
- Clínica Veterinaria VET`S, Suecia 3580, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana C Guillemi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Young AA, Cooper E, Yaxley P, Habing G. Evaluation of geriatric trauma in dogs with moderate to severe injury (6169 cases): A VetCOT registry study. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:386-396. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anda A. Young
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Edward Cooper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Page Yaxley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Klainbart S, Shipov A, Madhala O, Oron LD, Weingram T, Segev G, Kelmer E. Dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 72 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:107-115. [PMID: 33980052 PMCID: PMC10812173 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211010735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bite wounds are a common cause of trauma in cats; nevertheless, large-scale studies of this trauma in cats are lacking. The aims of the present study were to characterise the clinical and clinicopathological findings in these cats, to assess the association of these variables and therapeutic measures with survival, and to assess the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and severity of injuries score (SS) at presentation with survival. METHODS The medical records of cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital and two large referral clinics were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The study included 72 cats diagnosed with canine bite wounds (with the dog attacks having been witnessed). Seventy-one percent of cats suffered multiple injuries, and there was a significant association between the number of injured body areas and survival, and between severity of injury and survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively). The median ATT scores and SSs for non-survivors were significantly higher compared with survivors (P <0.0001). There was a strong and significant correlation between ATT scores and SSs (r = 0.704, P <0.0001). Total protein and albumin were significantly lower and alanine aminotransferase significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P ⩽0.032). Fifty percent of cats were treated conservatively, 32% by local surgical debridement and 18% of cats required an exploratory procedure. Cats undergoing more aggressive treatments were significantly less likely to survive (P = 0.029). Fifty-seven cats (79%) survived to discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats sustaining canine bite wounds have a good overall prognosis for survival to discharge. High ATT score, high SS, multiple body area injuries, penetrating injuries, radiographic evidence of vertebral body fractures and body wall abnormalities, as well as hypoproteinaemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, are negative predictors of survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Klainbart
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Shipov
- Small Animal Surgery, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Madhala
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron D Oron
- Knowledge Farm Specialty Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Tomer Weingram
- Herzliya Veterinary Hospital, Ben Gurion 26 Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gilad Segev
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Kelmer
- Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziccardi C, Cohn LA, Janacek B, Gross J, Nafe L, Grobman M. Etiology and outcome of extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis: A multi-institutional retrospective study of 269 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:541-548. [PMID: 35043992 PMCID: PMC8965212 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The magnitude of diagnostic abnormalities can influence the perception of clinical outcome. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis (ENL) is an uncommon finding caused by markedly increased granulopoiesis. A lack of recent, large‐scale studies limits our understanding of the importance, causation, and prognosis associated with ENL in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe disease categories (DC) identified in dogs with ENL and identify variables associated with survival. We hypothesized that factors including fever, segmented and band neutrophil counts, and DC would be negatively associated with survival. Animals Two‐hundred sixty‐nine dogs with ENL (segmented neutrophils ≥50 × 103 cells/μL) presented to the veterinary teaching hospitals at Auburn University (n = 164), the University of Missouri (n = 81), and Oklahoma State University (n = 24) between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Methods Retrospective study. Demographic data and outcome variables including temperature, CBC findings, DC, duration of hospitalization (DOH) and outcome were acquired from the medical record. Statistical analyses included chi‐squared and Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and Pearson product moment correlations with a P < .05 significance level. Results Mortality was 41%. Survival differed with DC (P = .002). Mortality was higher (P < .05) in dogs with neoplasia (56.2%) vs immune‐mediated disease (20.5%) or tissue damage/necrosis (19%). Weight (P = .001, r = −0.14) and total neutrophil count (P = .04, r = −0.02) were weakly negatively associated with survival whereas DOH was weakly positively associated with survival (P = .03, r = 0.14). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Mortality in dogs with ENL is high but differed according to DC. Only weak correlations between clinical or clinicopathologic variables and mortality were identified. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis should be interpreted in conjunction with the underlying disease process, and not broadly used to predict clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christianna Ziccardi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Blakeley Janacek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacklyn Gross
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura Nafe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Megan Grobman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kalnins NJ, Croton C, Haworth M, Gibson J, Purcell SL, Stewart AJ. A VetCompass Australia Study of Antimicrobial Use in Dog-to-Dog Bite Wounds (1998-2018). Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:55. [PMID: 35052931 PMCID: PMC8773322 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dog-to-dog bite wounds (DBW) are a common presentation to veterinary clinics, antimicrobial prescribing habits of Australian clinics have not been reported. This study determined the frequency and results of DBW cultures; antimicrobial selection; and importance class of antimicrobials prescribed relative to wound severity, geographic location, or year. A systematic sample of 72,507 patient records was retrieved from the VetCompass Australia database. Records for 1713 dog bite events involving 1655 dogs were reviewed for presenting signs, results of culture and susceptibility testing (C&S), antimicrobial treatment, geographical location, and outcome. A crossed random effects multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine if antimicrobial importance was associated with wound severity, year, and location, and to assess the differences in antimicrobial prescription between geographical locations, clinics, and veterinarians. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 86.1% of DBW. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was prescribed in 70% (1202/1713) with underdosing in 15.8% (191/1202). High-importance antimicrobial use was associated with wound severity (p < 0.001), year category (p = 0.007), and surgery (p = 0.03). C&S testing was recorded as having been performed in only one case. Differences in individual veterinarian prescribing habits were stronger than the clinic culture, suggesting that education utilizing clinic-wide antimicrobial guidelines may aid in improving antimicrobial stewardship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jacqueline Kalnins
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.K.); (M.H.); (J.G.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Catriona Croton
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
| | - Mark Haworth
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.K.); (M.H.); (J.G.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Justine Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.K.); (M.H.); (J.G.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Sarah Leonie Purcell
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.K.); (M.H.); (J.G.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Allison Jean Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (N.J.K.); (M.H.); (J.G.); (S.L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bell AL, Rozanski EA, Babyak J. A multicenter retrospective comparison of trauma in toy breeds versus giant breeds: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 32:26-33. [PMID: 34927350 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate and stratify the differences in signalment, mechanisms, and severity of injury between toy and giant breed dogs. DESIGN Retrospective, observational cohort study. SETTING Multicenter, university veterinary teaching hospital, and private referral hospitals contributing to Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) patient registry. ANIMALS Two thousand seven hundred and five (2589 toy and 116 giant breed) dogs presented for trauma with complete data entries recruited into the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry from September 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Injury etiology in toy breeds was predominantly blunt trauma (1532/2587 [59.2%]), commonly falling from a height or motor vehicle accident, whereas in giant breeds penetrating trauma was more common (71/116 [61.2%]). Eighty-seven percent (2231/2558) of toy breeds and 94.7% (108/114) giant breeds survived to discharge. When stratified by severity of injury (animal trauma triage [ATT] ≥ 5), mortality increased. Severely injured toy breeds had a 45.6% (200/438) survival rate, and severely injured giant breeds had a 62.5% (5/8) survival rate. Patient size did not impact survival in a logistic regression model; however, ATT score (odd ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.52-0.58; P < 0.001), modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS; odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.11-1.32; P < 0.001), and base excess (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.22; P < 0.001) were predictive of nonsurvival. Surgical intervention was required in 743 of 2587 (29%) toy breeds and 65 of 116 (56%) giant breeds. Surgery was associated with an increased survival rate (odds ratio, 4.43; 95% CI, 2.45-8.83; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of a large, multicenter dataset showed that ATT score along with base excess, plasma lactate, and mGCS were predictors of mortality independent of patient size. Severely injured dogs, as defined by an ATT score ≥ 5, were less likely to survive, and toy breed dogs had a higher mortality rate than giant breeds in the subcategory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Bell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Babyak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalnins NJ, Haworth M, Croton C, Gibson JS, Stewart AJ, Purcell SL. Treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:369-377. [PMID: 34151420 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog-to-dog bite wounds are a common veterinary emergency presentation: despite this, there is insufficient information to guide veterinarians on appropriate empirical antimicrobial management. OBJECTIVES Investigate the effectiveness of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid with and without enrofloxacin in the treatment of moderate grade dog bite wounds (DBW). To describe common pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a single-centre parallel group pragmatic trial, 50 dogs presenting with moderate grade DBW were prospectively randomised to receive amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (group A) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin (group B). Swabs were taken for culture and susceptibility testing at admission. Stabilisation, wound care and surgical debridement were performed at the discretion of admitting clinicians. The primary outcome was complication due to infection at 10 days, with Bayesian inference used to estimate the difference in proportions between treatment groups. RESULTS Of the 24 dogs in treatment group A, 1 required the addition of enrofloxacin at re-examination. None of the 26 dogs in group B required alteration of antimicrobial coverage. The difference in complication rate due to infection between treatment groups was 4.2%. Twenty-one different organisms were identified: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Neisseria spp., Pasteurella multocida and P. canis were the most common. Over 90% of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Ninety-six percent of gram-negative and 86% of gram-positive isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is an appropriate empirical antimicrobial choice for moderate DBW in South East Queensland. Reduced empirical enrofloxacin use will promote antimicrobial stewardship and potentially antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Kalnins
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Haworth
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - C Croton
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - J S Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J Stewart
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - S L Purcell
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wheeler RT, Kovacic JP. The use of a Foley balloon catheter to control junctional hemorrhage in a dog with severe vascular injury secondary to penetrating trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2021; 32:119-124. [PMID: 34450684 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Penetrating trauma is commonly seen in dogs. The severity depends on the site of injury and tissue involved. Junctional hemorrhage can be especially challenging to control given the inaccessibility of the damaged vasculature. Methods described to control life-threatening hemorrhage in dogs include direct pressure, hemostatic gauze, hemostatic powder or granules, wound packing, tourniquets, and direct clamping of the vasculature. Foley balloon catheters (FBC) are commonly used to tamponade deep vascular hemorrhage in people, but the technique has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. OBJECTIVE To present a case of penetrating trauma (bite wound) in a dog with a transected left femoral artery and vein in which the life-threatening hemorrhage was initially controlled with tamponade using an FBC. CASE A 7-year-old neutered male Terrier mix presented in hemorrhagic shock with an Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) of 7 and modifed Glasgow coma scale (MGCS) of 17 forty-five minutes after being attacked by another dog. The dog had sustained a deep penetrating wound to the left groin. Direct pressure and gauze packing at the site of injury were not successful at slowing the hemorrhage. A 10-Fr, 55-cm Foley catheter with a 5-mL balloon was inserted into the wound tract, and the balloon was inflated with 7.5 mL of sterile saline. Hemorrhage was controlled after inflation of the Foley balloon. CBC, blood biochemistries, abdominal point-of-care ultrasound, radiographs, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and whole blood viscoelastic testing were performed. Stabilization included fluid resuscitation, analgesics, antimicrobials, and epsilon aminocaproic acid. The dog was then anesthetized to definitively identify and control the hemorrhage. Transection of the left femoral artery and vein where identified and ligated. The dog fully recovered and was discharged 32 hours later. NEW AND UNIQUE INFORMATION FBCs may be useful as an alternative technique for temporary control of life-threatening hemorrhage secondary to penetrating injuries in both the emergency department and prehospital settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Wheeler
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, MedVet Silicon Valley, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Jan P Kovacic
- Emergency and Critical Care Department, Horizon Veterinary Service, Lafayette, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fielding CL, Mayer JR, Dechant JE, Epstein KL, Magdesian KG. Clinical and biochemical factors associated with survival in equids attacked by dogs: 28 cases (2008-2016). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:532-537. [PMID: 33274807 PMCID: PMC7848301 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma from dog attacks has been associated with mortality rates as high as 23% in some species. However, the prognosis and clinical features of this type of injury have not been described in equids. Hypotheses/Objectives To describe survival rate, signalment, clinical features, and biochemical results in equids presented for emergency care after presumed dog attacks. We hypothesized there would be differences between survivors and nonsurvivors. Animals A total of 28 equids presented for presumed dog attacks from 3 referral centers. Methods A retrospective study was performed using data from 3 hospitals between 2008 and 2016. Survival was defined as survival at 14 days postdischarge. Variables were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors using a t test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results Overall mortality rate was 21%. Ponies and miniature horses represented 16/28 (57%) of the animals in the study. Full‐sized equids had a lower risk of nonsurvival as compared to smaller patients (odds ratio = 0.02; 95% confidence intervals = 0.00‐0.27; P < .005). Animals with lower body temperatures had increased risk for nonsurvival (P = .0004). Increased admission blood lactate concentrations (P = .003) and decreased serum total protein concentrations (P = .006) were associated with nonsurvival. Conclusions The mortality rate in equids attacked by dogs was similar to what is reported for other veterinary species. Smaller equids and those with increased admission blood lactate concentration, lower body temperature, and lower total serum protein concentrations were less likely to survive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie E Dechant
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kira L Epstein
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - K Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murgia E, Troia R, Bulgarelli C, Pelizzola M, Foglia A, Dondi F, Giunti M. Prognostic Significance of Organ Dysfunction in Cats With Polytrauma. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:189. [PMID: 31294034 PMCID: PMC6598119 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytrauma is a common emergency condition in small animals and is frequently associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to minor trauma. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) is a major complication of extensive traumatic injury, carrying a high risk of death despite intensive care treatment. Little is known about the prevalence and the prognostic impact of MODS in feline polytrauma. The current study aimed to prospectively evaluate the occurrence and the prognostic significance of organ dysfunction at admission in a population of polytraumatized cats. Cats with polytrauma requiring intensive care unit hospitalization were included and categorized according to outcome (survivors/non-survivors). Clinical and clinicopathological data, including scores of disease severity [Animal Trauma Triage Score (ATTS), APPLEfast, and APPLEfull], selected organ dysfunction and presence of MODS were evaluated upon admission, and analyzed with respect to mortality. Non-parametric statistics was performed and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Thirty-eight cats met the inclusion criteria: 8/38 (21%) had penetrating trauma, while 30/38 (79%) had blunt trauma. The overall in-hospital mortality was 37% (14/38). Cats with evidence of MODS upon admission had significantly higher frequency of death compared to cats without MODS (9/14 vs. 2/24 P = 0.0004). Hemostatic dysfunction, respiratory dysfunction, and MODS upon admission were significantly associated with mortality in the univariate logistic regression analysis (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The values of APPLEfast, APPLEfull, and ATTS were independently associated with a higher risk of death and positively correlated with the number of dysfunctional organs (P = 0.025, P = 0.004, P = 0.003, r = 0.57, P = 0.0002; r = 0.59, P = 0.0001; r = 0.55, P = 0.0003, respectively). Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome is a common complication of feline polytrauma and its development is associated with increased disease severity and worse outcomes. The presence of hemostatic dysfunction and respiratory dysfunction upon admission is associated with a higher risk of death. The ATTS and the APPLE scores are useful prognostic tools for the assessment of cats with polytrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Murgia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bulgarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pelizzola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee GW, Park HM, Kang MH. Global brain ischemia in a dog with concurrent multiorgan dysfunction syndrome after bite wound trauma. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:22. [PMID: 31060620 PMCID: PMC6501374 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bite wounds are one of the most common traumatic injuries in dogs and depending on their severity, location, etc., urgent care including antibiotic therapy may be necessary. Serious complications can result from these injuries, such as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as well as a generalized reduction in cerebral perfusion, e.g. during cardiac arrest, shock, or severe hypotension that may cause global brain ischemia (GBI). CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year-old spayed female Maltese dog was presented with generalized seizures, ataxia, and obtunded mentation. The dog was injured by severe bite wounds that penetrated its abdomen and had received blood transfusions, antibiotic therapy (including metronidazole and cefazoline) and underwent emergency surgery 4 days before its visit. Based on a clinical examination, intracranial hypoxic damage with elevated intra-cranial pressure and MODS were highly suspected, and GBI was confirmed following magnetic resonance imaging. Increased signal intensity diffusely distributed in the olfactory bulb and frontal, temporal, and parietal grey matter was evident on the T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery transverse images, along with corresponding high signal intensity observed on diffusion weighted imaging. During the 10-month follow-up period, the clinical signs gradually improved, but intermittent circling and cognitive dysfunction deficits remained. CONCLUSIONS GBI should be included among the differential diagnoses in case of any peracute non-progressive neurological dysfunction that occurs with episodes of hypotension or hypoxia. The abnormal signal intensity observed on diffusion weighted imaging was a useful indicator for diagnosing this condition. Long-term medical management with antibiotics and anti-convulsant and anti-oxidant therapies were considered to be helpful in managing the GBI concurrent with MODS in this dog.
Collapse
|
17
|
Walters AM, O'Brien MA, Selmic LE, Hartman S, McMichael M, O'Brien RT. Evaluation of the agreement between focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST/TFAST) and computed tomography in dogs and cats with recent trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:429-435. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
18
|
Troìa R, Gruarin M, Grisetti C, Serafini F, Magna L, Monari E, Giunti M, Dondi F. Fractional excretion of electrolytes in volume-responsive and intrinsic acute kidney injury in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic implications. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1372-1382. [PMID: 29770972 PMCID: PMC6060310 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The value of fractional excretion (FE) of electrolytes to characterize and prognosticate acute kidney injury (AKI) is poorly documented in dogs. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic roles of FE of electrolytes in dogs with AKI. Animals Dogs (n = 135) with AKI treated with standard care (February 2014‐December 2016). Methods Prospective study. Clinical and laboratory variables including FE of electrolytes, were measured upon admission. Dogs were graded according to the AKI‐IRIS guidelines and grouped according to AKI features (volume‐responsive, VR‐AKI; intrinsic, I‐AKI) and outcome (survivors/non‐survivors). Group comparison and regression analyses with hazard ratios (HR) evaluation for I‐AKI and mortality were performed. P < .05 was considered significant. Results Fifty‐two of 135 (39%) dogs had VR‐AKI, 69/135 (51%) I‐AKI and 14/135 (10%) were unclassified. I‐AKI dogs had significantly higher FE of electrolytes, for example, FE of sodium (FENa, %) 2.39 (range 0.04‐75.81) than VR‐AKI ones 0.24 (range 0.01‐2.21; P < .001). Overall, case fatality was 41% (55/135). Increased FE of electrolytes were detected in nonsurvivors, for example, FENa 1.60 (range 0.03‐75.81) compared with survivors 0.60 (range 0.01‐50.45; P = .004). Several risk factors for death were identified, including AKI‐IRIS grade (HR = 1.39, P = .002), FE of electrolytes, for example, FENa (HR = 1.03, P < .001), and urinary output (HR = 5.06, P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Fractional excretion of electrolytes performed well in the early differentiation between VR‐AKI and I‐AKI, were related to outcome, and could be useful tools to manage AKI dogs in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Troìa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Gruarin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Grisetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Serafini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Magna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erika Monari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lux CN, Culp WTN, Mellema MS, Rosselli DD, Schmiedt CW, Singh A, Haynes A, Schoenrock E, Selmic LE, Phillips H, Milovancev M, Mayhew PD, Brown DC. Perioperative mortality rate and risk factors for death in dogs undergoing surgery for treatment of thoracic trauma: 157 cases (1990–2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:1097-1107. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.9.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Frauenthal VM, Bergman P, Murtaugh RJ. Retrospective evaluation of coyote attacks in dogs: 154 cases (1997-2012). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017; 27:333-341. [PMID: 28420038 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of known attacks in client-owned dogs caused by the common coyote, Canis latrans. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING Private referral hospital. ANIMALS One hundred fifty-four client-owned dogs known to be attacked by coyotes. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Records from a private referral hospital from May 1997 through December 2012 were reviewed. Time of day and month/season of year, signalment, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, body weight, location and severity of wounds inflicted, common injuries, length of hospitalization, necessity of surgical wound repair under anesthesia, antimicrobial use and mortality were recorded. Eighty-six percent of dogs presenting following coyote attack weighed <10 kg. Overall mortality rate was 15.6%. Dogs with bite wounds to the thorax had the highest mortality at 21.3%. Criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) based on admission vital signs were met in 58.8% of dogs and the presence of SIRS was significantly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Common coyote-induced injuries included rib fracture (38/154; 24.6%), pulmonary contusion (30/154; 19.4%), tracheal tear (18/154; 11.6%), pneumothorax (16/154; 10.3%), abdominal wall hernia (9/154; 5.8%), and abdominal penetrating wounds (8/146; 5.5%). Dogs <10 kg were significantly more likely to incur wounds to multiple body parts or sustain abdominal penetrating wounds. The presence of rib fracture was significantly associated with mortality. Frequency of coyote attacks over the time of this study increased by 330%. CONCLUSIONS Coyote attacks on dogs are a problem in Southern California and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in dogs with wounds to the thorax. Aggressive management involving surgical wound repair was associated with survival to discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Frauenthal
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, VCA Care Speciality and Emergency Animal Hospital, 301 E. Haley Street, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101
| | - Philip Bergman
- VCA Clinical Studies and Katonah-Bedford Veterinary Center, 546 N Bedford Road, Bedford Hills, NY, 10507
| | - Robert J Murtaugh
- VCA All Care Animal Referral Center, 18440 Amistad Street, Suite E, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gallegos J, Unis M, Roush JK, Agulian L. Postoperative Complications and Short-Term Outcome Following Single-Session Bilateral Corrective Surgery for Medial Patellar Luxation in Dogs Weighing <15 kg: 50 Cases (2009-2014). Vet Surg 2016; 45:887-892. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Unis
- Veterinary Specialists of South Florida, Cooper City, Florida
| | - James K. Roush
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Kansas State University; Manhattan Kansas
| | - Lori Agulian
- New England Animal Medical Center; West Bridgewater Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chan DL. The swinging pendulum between consensus and controversy in veterinary emergency and critical care. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:1-3. [PMID: 25597283 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Chan
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hall K, Sharp C. The veterinary trauma initiative: Why bother? J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014; 24:639-41. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hall
- VetCOT Communications Subcommittee Chair; Adjunct Clinical Professor; University of Minnesota; St Paul MN
| | - Claire Sharp
- VetCOT Guidelines/Verification Subcommittee; Co-Chair Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton MA
| |
Collapse
|