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Iizuka Y, Katano-Toki A, Hayashi F, Fujioka J, Takahashi H, Nakamura K. Exogenous polyserine fibrils change membrane properties of phosphatidylcholine-liposome and red blood cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184331. [PMID: 38718958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The causative genes for neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases produce homopolymeric polyglutamine (polyQ), polyserine (polyS), polyalanine (polyA), polycysteine (polyC), and polyleucine (polyL) sequences by repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. The cytotoxicity of the intracellular polyQ and RAN products has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the toxicity of the extracellular polyQ and RAN products on the membranes of viable cells. Because polyQ aggregates induce a deflated morphology of a model membrane, we hypothesized that extracellular polyQ and RAN products might affect the membrane properties of viable cells. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous polyS fibrils but not polyS or polyQ non-fibril aggregates altered the thermal phase transition behavior of a model membrane composed of a phosphatidylcholine bilayer using differential scanning calorimetry. PolyS fibrils induced morphological changes in viable red blood cells (RBCs). However, both polyS and polyQ non-fibril aggregates had no effects on RBCs. These results highlight the possibility that extracellular fibrils generated from RAN products may alter the properties of neuronal cell membranes, which may contribute to changes in the brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Iizuka
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Katano-Toki
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumio Hayashi
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Organization for Promotion of Research and University Industry Collaboration, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Jun Fujioka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Division I, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Biophysics Laboratory, Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2, Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Jaramillo V, Díaz E, Muñoz LN, González-Barrios AF, Rodríguez-Cortina J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C. Enhancing Wound Healing: A Novel Topical Emulsion Combining CW49 Peptide and Lavender Essential Oil for Accelerated Regeneration and Antibacterial Protection. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1739. [PMID: 37376187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving blood cells, extracellular matrix, and parenchymal cells. Research on biomimetics in amphibian skin has identified the CW49 peptide from Odorrana grahami, which has been demonstrated to promote wound regeneration. Additionally, lavender essential oil exhibits anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Given these considerations, we propose an innovative emulsion that combines the CW49 peptide with lavender oil. This novel formulation could serve as a potent topical treatment, potentially fostering the regeneration of damaged tissues and providing robust antibacterial protection for skin wounds. This study investigates the physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and in vitro regenerative capacity of the active components and the emulsion. The results show that the emulsion possesses appropriate rheological characteristics for topical application. Both the CW49 peptide and lavender oil exhibit high viability in human keratinocytes, indicating their biocompatibility. The emulsion induces hemolysis and platelet aggregation, an expected behavior for such topical treatments. Furthermore, the lavender-oil emulsion demonstrates antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Finally, the regenerative potential of the emulsion and its active components is confirmed in a 2D wound model using human keratinocytes. In conclusion, the formulated emulsion, which combines the CW49 peptide and lavender oil, shows great promise as a topical treatment for wound healing. Further research is needed to validate these findings in more advanced in vitro models and in vivo settings, potentially leading to improved wound-care management and novel therapeutic options for patients with skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Jaramillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Erika Díaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Laura N Muñoz
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | | | - Jader Rodríguez-Cortina
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera 250047, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Optimization of the Hemolysis Assay for the Assessment of Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032914. [PMID: 36769243 PMCID: PMC9917735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro determination of hemolytic properties is a common and important method for preliminary evaluation of cytotoxicity of chemicals, drugs, or any blood-contacting medical device or material. The method itself is relatively straightforward, however, protocols used in the literature vary substantially. This leads to significant difficulties both in interpreting and in comparing the obtained values. Here, we examine how the different variables used under different experimental setups may affect the outcome of this assay. We find that certain key parameters affect the hemolysis measurements in a critical manner. The hemolytic effect of compounds tested here varied up to fourfold depending on the species of the blood source. The use of different types of detergents used for generating positive control samples (i.e., 100% hemolysis) produced up to 2.7-fold differences in the calculated hemolysis ratios. Furthermore, we find an expected, but substantial, increase in the number of hemolyzed erythrocytes with increasing erythrocyte concentration and with prolonged incubation time, which in turn affects the calculated hemolysis ratios. Based on our findings we propose an optimized protocol in an attempt to standardize future hemolysis studies.
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Abstract
The hematological impacts of a drug can affect erythropoiesis at the level of the bone marrow, or decrease the life span of the RBC (red blood cell). The most common and recognizable clinical manifestation of either type of drug-induced erythropoietic injury is a decrease in RBC mass, or what is clinically referred to as an anemia. A decrease in RBC production can generally be separated from increased destruction (hemolysis) by evaluation of the hemogram for evidence of regeneration. In most healthy mammalian species, hemolysis will result in a regenerative response characterized by an increase in circulating reticulocytes. Hemorrhage as an alternative cause of a regenerative anemia can generally be excluded by careful clinical evaluation of the animal. Subsequently, the investigation of a drug-induced regenerative anemia should involve a very thorough evaluation of RBC morphology for evidence of immune-mediated destruction, RBC oxidative injury, and fragmentation that can help to identify the underlying pathological mechanism(s) involved.
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Epstein SE, Hopper K, Farrell KS. Manual plasma exchange to treat an accidental overdose of intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog with baclofen toxicosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:650-656. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.03.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION
An approximately 2-year-old sexually intact male German Shorthair Pointer was presented for treatment of baclofen toxicosis.
CLINICAL FINDINGS
The dog had signs of severe baclofen toxicosis (no gag reflex, intermittent vocalization, and stupor) and received intravenous lipid emulsion (142 mL/kg) as a constant rate infusion over 11 hours. Severe hypertriglyceridemia (29,221 mg/dL; reference interval, 19 to 133 mg/dL) developed, followed by cardiovascular depression (poor peripheral perfusion, hyperlactatemia, and hypertension), severe hypoglycemia (26 mg/dL), acute kidney injury (serum creatinine, 3.6 mg/dL), intravascular hemolysis, and coagulopathy (hypocoagulable thromboelastogram and marked bilateral epistaxis).
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Therapeutic plasma exchange was performed in 4 stages to treat the hypertriglyceridemia. For each stage, an approximately 500-mL aliquot of blood (22 mL/kg) was removed and centrifuged, and the patient’s RBCs and allogenic fresh-frozen plasma were returned to the dog. Approximately 1.2 times the dog’s plasma volume was exchanged, reducing the serum triglyceride concentration to 1,349 mg/dL and improving the dog’s cardiovascular function and coagulation. Hours after the procedure was completed, the dog regurgitated and developed acute respiratory distress as a result of presumptive aspiration pneumonia, and the owner elected to have the dog euthanized.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Veterinarians should be aware of possible complications associated with administration of intravenous lipid emulsion, and veterinary-specific guidelines for the maximum dose of intravenous lipid emulsion should be developed to help prevent adverse effects. TPE appears to be an effective method for treating iatrogenic hypertriglyceridemia in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Epstein
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kate Hopper
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kate S. Farrell
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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Xu HH, Jiang ZH, Huang CS, Sun YT, Xu LL, Tang XL, Tan HL, Ma ZC, Gao Y. Global metabolomic and lipidomic analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of hemolysis effect of Ophiopogonin D and Ophiopogonin D' in vivo. Chin Med 2021; 16:3. [PMID: 33407692 PMCID: PMC7787624 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OPD and OPD' are the two main active components of Ophiopogon japonicas in Shenmai injection (SMI). Being isomers of each other, they are supposed to have similar pharmacological activities, but the actual situation is complicated. The difference of hemolytic behavior between OPD and OPD' in vivo and in vitro was discovered and reported by our group for the first time. In vitro, only OPD' showed hemolysis reaction, while in vivo, both OPD and OPD' caused hemolysis. In vitro, the primary cause of hemolysis has been confirmed to be related to the difference between physical and chemical properties of OPD and OPD'. In vivo, although there is a possible explanation for this phenomenon, the one is that OPD is bio-transformed into OPD' or its analogues in vivo, the other one is that both OPD and OPD' were metabolized into more activated forms for hemolysis. However, the mechanism of hemolysis in vivo is still unclear, especially the existing literature are still difficult to explain why OPD shows the inconsistent hemolysis behavior in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the study of hemolysis of OPD and OPD' in vivo is of great practical significance in response to the increase of adverse events of SMI. METHODS Aiming at the hemolysis in vivo, this manuscript adopted untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics technology to preliminarily explore the changes of plasma metabolites and lipids of OPD- and OPD'-treated rats. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system tandem with different mass spectrometers (MS) and different columns respectively. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to screen the differential metabolites and lipids. RESULTS Both OPD and OPD' groups experienced hemolysis, Changes in endogenous differential metabolites and differential lipids, enrichment of differential metabolic pathways, and correlation analysis of differential metabolites and lipids all indicated that the causes of hemolysis by OPD and OPD' were closely related to the interference of phospholipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a comprehensive description of metabolomics and lipidomics changes between OPD- and OPD'-treated rats, it would add to the knowledge base of the field, which also provided scientific guidance for the subsequent mechanism research. However, the underlying mechanism require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Hua Xu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhen-Hong Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Cong-Shu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Long-Long Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hong-Ling Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Romans CW, Day TK, Smith JJ. Oxidative red blood cell damage associated with propofol and intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog treated for 5-fluorouracil toxicosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:481-486. [PMID: 32407575 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the first documented case of oxidant-induced anemia in a dog associated with propofol and IV lipid emulsion (IVLE) treatment for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicosis. CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old male intact mixed breed dog was presented for evaluation after ingestion of 5% 5-FU cream. Refractory reactive seizures rapidly developed, and treatment with benzodiazepines, propofol, levetiracetam, and IVLE was initiated. The dog was euthanized due to development of marked oxidant-induced anemia. NEW INFORMATION PROVIDED This report documents the first instance of oxidant-induced anemia in the dog, associated with propofol and IVLE infusion therapy prescribed for treatment of 5-FU toxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory W Romans
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas K Day
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
| | - Joshua J Smith
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, Middleton, Wisconsin
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Tinson E, Cook S. Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the neurological and cardiovascular systems. IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.l7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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