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Dartencet C, Abunemeh M, Junot S, Nectoux A, Allaouchiche B, Krafft E, Pouzot-Nevoret C. High flow oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy in dogs and cats undergoing bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage: a pilot study. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360017. [PMID: 38855409 PMCID: PMC11157099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the safety and feasibility of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT), and to record SpO2 and desaturation episodes in dogs and cats receiving HFOT or conventional oxygen therapy (COT) during bronchoscopy ± bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Materials and methods Dogs and cats undergoing bronchoscopy ± BAL between January and May 2023 were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups: HFOT (HFOT group; two cats and four dogs) and COT (COT group; one cat and five dogs). HFOT and COT were started at the beginning of the bronchoscopy. HFOT was delivered with a gas flow rate of 1 L/kg/min at an FiO2 of 100% and a temperature of 34°C (pediatric mode) or 37°C (adult mode). COT was delivered through the working channel of the bronchoscope at a rate of 1.5 L/min. The safety and feasibility of HFOT were assessed, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured by pulse oximetry every 30 s throughout the procedure. Measurements and main results HFOT was feasible and safe in both dogs and cats with no complications reported. While there was no significant difference in the number of desaturation episodes (SpO2 < 94%) between the two groups, none of the patients in the HFOT group experienced severe desaturation (SpO2 < 90%). In contrast, two patients in the COT group had an SpO2 < 90%. Mean SpO2 was significantly higher in the HFOT group compared to the COT group at T0 (98% ± 2% vs. 94 ± 2%), T0.5 (98% ± 2% vs. 94% ± 3%) and T1 (98% ± 2% vs. 94% ± 4%). Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest study conducted to date using HFOT during bronchoscopy in dogs and cats. Our results suggest that HFOT is feasible and safe during bronchoscopy ± BAL. Furthermore, HFOT may reduce the risk of desaturation episodes in dogs and cats undergoing bronchoscopy and BAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dartencet
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Maha Abunemeh
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Stephane Junot
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Alexandra Nectoux
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emilie Krafft
- Small animal medicine, USC1233 RS2GP, INRAe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Celine Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- APCSe, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Étoile, France
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2
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Duble E, Her J, Preteseille I, Lee J, Allaouchiche B, Pouzot-Nevoret C. The utility of the respiratory rate-oxygenation index as a predictor of treatment response in dogs receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1404195. [PMID: 38774907 PMCID: PMC11106722 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1404195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX) and the ratio of pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (SpO2/FiO2, [SF]) to determine whether these indices are predictive of outcome in dogs receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNOT). Design This is a prospective observational study. Setting This study was carried out at two university teaching hospitals. Animals In total, 88 dogs treated with HFNOT for hypoxemic respiratory failure due to various pulmonary diseases were selected. Measurements and main results The ROX index was defined as the SF divided by the respiratory rate (RR). ROX and SF were calculated at baseline and for each hour of HFNOT. The overall success rate of HFNOT was 38% (N = 33/88). Variables predicting HFNOT success were determined using logistic regression, and the predictive power of each variable was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). ROX and SF were adequately predictive of HFNOT success when averaged over 0-16 h of treatment, with similar AUCs of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.66-0.87), respectively (p < 0.05). SF showed acceptable discriminatory power in predicting HFNOT outcome at 7 h, with an AUC of 0.77 (95% CI 0.61-0.93, p = 0.013), and the optimal cutoff for predicting HFNC failure at 7 h was SF ≤ 191 (sensitivity 83% and specificity 76%). Conclusion These indices were easily obtained in dogs undergoing HFNOT. The results suggest that ROX and SF may have clinical utility in predicting the outcomes of dogs on HFNOT. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in a larger number of dogs in specific disease populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Duble
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jiwoong Her
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ingrid Preteseille
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
- VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Céline Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
- VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
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Eicher L, Young AA, Hoover L, Kuo KW, Her J. Retrospective evaluation of the respiratory rate-oxygenation index to predict the outcome of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in dogs (2018-2021): 81 cases. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:252-261. [PMID: 38708968 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX), modified ROX index (ROX-HR), and the ratio of pulse oximetry saturation (Spo2) to Fio2 (SF) to determine if these indices over time are predictive of outcome in dogs treated with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC). DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Two university teaching hospitals. ANIMALS Eighty-one client-owned dogs treated with HFNC for hypoxemic respiratory failure. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The ROX was defined as the SF divided by the respiratory rate (RR), and the ROX-HR was defined as the ROX divided by the heart rate multiplied by 100. The overall success rate of HFNC was 44% (n = 36/81). Dogs weaned from HFNC had a significantly higher ROX (P < 0.0001) at 1-3, 5-10, 12, and 15 hours than dogs that failed HFNC. Both the ROX and SF showed excellent discriminatory power in predicting HFNC failure at 6 hours, with an area under receiver operating curve of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.99; P < 0.002) and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-0.99; P < 0.001), respectively. The optimal cutoff values for predicting HFNC failure at 6 hours were a ROX ≤3.68 (sensitivity 72%, specificity 92%) and an SF ≤143 (sensitivity 79%, specificity 93%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that similar to people, the ROX and SF are useful predictors of HFNC failure. These indices are easy to measure at the bedside and may have clinical use. Future prospective studies are warranted to confirm the findings and to optimize cutoff values in a larger population of dogs undergoing HFNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Eicher
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anda A Young
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leanna Hoover
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kendon W Kuo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jiwoong Her
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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4
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Teppo AM, Rossi H, Rajamäki MM, Hyytiäinen HK. Proposed protocol for utilising high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in treatment of dogs hospitalised due to pneumonia. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:167. [PMID: 37735404 PMCID: PMC10512590 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy is a non-invasive respiratory support method that provides oxygen-enriched, warmed, and humidified air to respiratory-compromised patients. It is widely used in human medical care, but in veterinary medicine it is still a relatively new method. No practical guidelines exist for its use in canine pneumonia patients, although they could potentially benefit from HFNO therapy. This study aims to provide a new, safe, non-invasive, and effective treatment protocol for oxygen supplementation of non-sedated dogs with pneumonia. METHODS Twenty privately owned dogs with pneumonia will receive HFNO therapy at a flow rate of 1-2 L/kg, and the fraction of inspired oxygen will be determined individually (ranging from 21% to 100%). HFNO therapy will continue as long as oxygen support is needed based on clinical evaluation. Patients will be assessed thrice daily during their hospitalisation, with measured primary outcomes including partial pressure of oxygen, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and type, days in hospital, and survival to discharge. DISCUSSION The proposed protocol aims to provide a practical guideline for applying HFNO to dogs hospitalised due to pneumonia. The protocol could enable more efficient and well-tolerated oxygenation than traditional methods, thus hastening recovery and improving survival of pneumonia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maija Teppo
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Rossi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Minna M Rajamäki
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli K Hyytiäinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pouzot-Nevoret C, Hocine L, Allaouchiche B, Her J. Use of high-flow oxygen therapy in a cat with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231195767. [PMID: 37810576 PMCID: PMC10559714 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231195767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for respiratory distress due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite initial treatment and oxygen delivery in an oxygen tent, the cat still showed signs of severe respiratory effort and oxygen saturation measured via pulse oximetry was below 85%. Because the owners declined mechanical ventilation, the cat was transitioned to high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT). HFOT allowed significant improvement of the respiration parameters within 15 mins without causing clinical complications. The cat was briefly anaesthetised for the placement of the nasal cannula on initiation of HFOT, and the interface was well tolerated thereafter. The cat was transitioned to an oxygen cage after 16 h, weaned from oxygen 4 h later and was discharged after 3 days of hospitalisation. Long-term follow-up showed no abnormalities, and the leading hypothesis was transient myocardial thickening. Relevance and novel information The first use of HFOT in a dyspneic cat is described in this study. HFOT could be a life-saving option for cats with severe hypoxemia or do-not-intubate orders that fail to respond to conventional oxygen therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Leïla Hocine
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Étoile, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jiwoong Her
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Gordon D, Clark-Price S, Keating S, Schaeffer DJ, Lascola KM. Evaluation of Nasal Oxygen Administration at Various Flow Rates and Concentrations in Conscious, Standing Adult Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 123:104250. [PMID: 36796739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of various flow rates and fractions of oxygen on arterial blood gas parameters and on the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) delivered to the distal trachea. Oxygen was administered to 6 healthy, conscious, standing, adult horses via single nasal cannula positioned within the nasopharynx. Three flow rates (5, 15, 30 L/min) and fractions of oxygen (21, 50, 100%) were delivered for 15 minutes, each in a randomized order. FIO2 was measured at the level of the nares and distal trachea. Adverse reactions were not observed with any flow rate. FIO2 (nares and trachea) and PaO2 increased with increasing flow rate and fraction of oxygen (P < .0001). FIO2 (trachea) was significantly less than FIO2 (nares) at 50% and 100% oxygen at all flow rates (P < .0001). Differences in PaO2 were not observed between 100% oxygen-5L/min and 50% oxygen-15L/min and or between 100% oxygen-15L/min and 50% oxygen-30L/min. Tracheal FIO2 for 100% oxygen-15L/min was increased compared to 50% oxygen-30L/min (P < .0001). Respiratory rate, ETCO2, PaCO2, and pH did not differ between treatments. Administration of 50% oxygen via nasal cannula at 15 and 30 L/min effectively increased in PaO2 and was well tolerated in conscious, standing, healthy horses. While these results can be used guide therapy in hypoxemic horses, evaluation of the administration of 50% oxygen to horses with respiratory disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gordon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Stuart Clark-Price
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Stephanie Keating
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Kara M Lascola
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.
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7
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de Jaureguizar Tesas MR, Matson H, Tappin S, Thomas E. The use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in 4 dogs undergoing bronchoscopy. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1088103. [PMID: 37065223 PMCID: PMC10101201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1088103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHigh-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy is a method to deliver warmed, humidified air-oxygen blended at high flow rates to patients through a nasal cannula using a specialized, commercially available machine. This is a well-tolerated, safe and effective method for oxygen delivery to healthy and hypoxemic dogs. Patients undergoing bronchoscopic procedures frequently develop hypoxemia. Human trials have shown a reduction in incidents of hypoxemic events and higher pulse oximeter oxygen saturation during bronchoscopies in patients on High-Flow Nasal Oxygen.Materials and methodsThis is a single-centre, prospective case series. All dogs weighing between 5 and 15 kg and undergoing bronchoscopy during the study period (03/07/2022-01/10/2022) were eligible.ResultsTwelve patients were eligible for inclusion of which four were enrolled. No clinically significant complications related to the use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy were recorded. Two of the patients were re-intubated post bronchoscopy due to clinician preference for recovery. One of the patients had a self-limiting period of severe hypoxemia with a pulse oximeter oxygen saturation of 84% for < 1 min during bronchoalveolar lavage, and whilst undergoing High-Flow Nasal Oxygen administration. Another patient had a self-limiting episode of mild hypoxemia (SpO2 of 94% lasting < 1 min) 5 min after completion of bronchoalveolar lavage.ConclusionNo clinically relevant complications relating to High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy were recorded in this case series, although further studies are required to confirm this conclusion. This initial data suggests that the use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy during bronchoscopy is feasible and potentially safe, although it may not prevent hypoxemia in these patients. The use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy during bronchoscopy in small patients carries multiple potential benefits and further studies to compare its efficacy against other traditional oxygen delivery systems are warranted in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa de Jaureguizar Tesas
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Georgia University (UGA), Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah Matson
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tappin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dick White Referrals (Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited), Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Thomas
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Dick White Referrals (Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited), Newmarket, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Emily Thomas
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8
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Unger K, Martin LG. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in small animals. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:156-172. [PMID: 36815753 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review various types of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE) in cats and dogs. ETIOLOGY NCPE is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the lung interstitium or alveoli that is not caused by cardiogenic causes or fluid overload. It can be due to changes in vascular permeability, hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary vasculature, or a combination thereof. Possible causes include inflammatory states within the lung or in remote tissues (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]), airway obstruction (post-obstructive pulmonary edema), neurologic disease such as head trauma or seizures (neurogenic pulmonary edema), electrocution, after re-expansion of a collapsed lung or after drowning. DIAGNOSIS Diagnosis of NCPE is generally based on history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. Radiographic findings suggestive of NCPE are interstitial to alveolar pulmonary opacities in the absence of signs of left-sided congestive heart failure or fluid overload such as cardiomegaly or congested pulmonary veins. Computed tomography and edema fluid analysis may aid in the diagnosis, while some forms of NCPE require additional findings to reach a diagnosis. THERAPY The goal of therapy for all types of NCPE is to preserve tissue oxygenation and reduce the work of breathing. This may be achieved by removing the inciting cause (eg, airway obstruction) and cage rest in mild cases and supplemental oxygen in moderate cases and may require mechanical ventilation in severe cases. PROGNOSIS Prognosis is generally good for most causes of veterinary NCPE except for ARDS, although data are scarce for some etiologies of NCPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Unger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Linda G Martin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Whitney J, Keir I. Clinical review of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in human and veterinary patients. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1070881. [PMID: 36950541 PMCID: PMC10027015 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapy is the first-line treatment for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure. In veterinary medicine this has traditionally been provided via mask, low-flow nasal oxygen cannulas, oxygen cages and invasive positive pressure ventilation. Traditional non-invasive modalities are limited by the maximum flow rate and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) that can be delivered, variability in oxygen delivery and patient compliance. The invasive techniques are able to provide higher FiO2 in a more predictable manner but are limited by sedation/anesthesia requirements, potential complications and cost. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) represents an alternative to conventional oxygen therapy. This modality delivers heated and humidified medical gas at adjustable flow rates, up to 60 L/min, and FiO2, up to 100%, via nasal cannulas. It has been proposed that HFNOT improves pulmonary mechanics and reduces respiratory fatigue via reduction of anatomical dead space, provision of low-level positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), provision of constant FiO2 at rates corresponding to patient requirements and through improved patient tolerance. Investigations into the use of HFNOT in veterinary patients have increased in frequency since its clinical use was first reported in dogs with acute respiratory failure in 2016. Current indications in dogs include acute respiratory failure associated with pulmonary parenchymal disease, upper airway obstruction and carbon monoxide intoxication. The use of HFNOT has also been advocated in certain conditions in cats and foals. HFNOT is also being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of a widening range of conditions in humans. Although there remains conflict regarding its use and efficacy in some patient groups, overall these reports indicate that HFNOT decreases breathing frequency and work of breathing and reduces the need for escalation of respiratory support. In addition, they provide insight into potential future veterinary applications. Complications of HFNOT have been rarely reported in humans and animals. These are usually self-limiting and typically result in lower morbidity and mortality than those associated with invasive ventilation techniques.
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Gazsi K, Goic JB, Butler AL. Successful treatment of carbon monoxide toxicity with high flow nasal oxygen compared to mechanical ventilation. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Gazsi
- Allegheny Veterinary Trauma & Specialty Monroeville Pennsylvania USA
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11
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Advanced Oxygen Therapy for the Small Animal Patient – High-Flow Oxygen Therapy and Mechanical Ventilation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:689-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Maidanskaia EG, Spadavecchia C, Vincenti S, Mirra A. Anaesthetic Management of a Labrador Retriever Undergoing Adrenalectomy for Phaeochromocytoma Excision, a Case Report. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:789101. [PMID: 35372541 PMCID: PMC8966683 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.789101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perioperative management of cases undergoing phaeochromocytoma removal should aim at normalising blood pressure and heart rate, restoring volume depletion, and preventing catecholamine release induced by surgical manipulation. In this case report, a novel pharmacological approach in a dog undergoing surgical tumour excision is described. A 7-year-old 25-kg spayed female Labrador Retriever presented for repeated episodes of generalised weakness, pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tremor, panting, vomiting, and hypertension over the last month was referred for surgical treatment of a left-sided adrenal tumour with invasion of the caudal vena cava. Severe hypertensive episodes occurred repeatedly, starting early during the anaesthetic period, while clipping and cleaning the abdominal area, and continued intraoperatively when the tumour was handled. Moderate hypotension occurred once the tumour was isolated and worsened during temporary caudal vena cava flow interruption and cavotomy. The patient was treated preoperatively with phenoxybenzamine to prevent hypertensive crises. Intraoperatively, magnesium sulphate and urapidil were used to control blood pressure. This treatment was effective in reducing the magnitude of blood pressure spikes but not sufficient to prevent hypertensive peaks, especially during tumour manipulation. Hypotension was treated with synthetic colloid and crystalloid boli, and noradrenaline continuous infusion. Blood transfusion was performed in response to acute bleeding during cavotomy. The dog recovered successfully from anaesthesia and its quality of life was deemed excellent by the owner at the last follow up, 22 months after surgery. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma with an invasion of the phrenicoabdominal vein. In the present case, we obtained a successful outcome but failed to provide haemodynamic stability throughout the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Gámez Maidanskaia
- Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ekaterina Gámez Maidanskaia
| | - Claudia Spadavecchia
- Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simona Vincenti
- Surgery Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Mirra
- Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy Division, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Krawec P, Marshall K, Odunayo A. A Review of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 46:100596. [PMID: 34757156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress is a common ailment in small animal medicine. Oxygen supplementation is a mainstay of initial therapy. High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy (HFNCOT) has become increasingly popular as a treatment modality in human medicine, and more recently in canine patients. These devices deliver high flow rates of heated and humidified oxygen at an adjustable fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). This article reviews current literature in human patients on HFNCOT as well as studies that have evaluated its use in veterinary patients. A discussion of the respiratory physiology that is associated with respiratory distress, in addition to an overview of currently available oxygen supplementation modalities is provided. The physiologic benefits of HFNCOT are explained, as are technical aspects associated with its use. Recommendations on initial settings, maintenance therapy, and weaning are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Krawec
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
| | - Kristen Marshall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
| | - Adesola Odunayo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Pouzot‐Nevoret C, Magnin M, Barthélemy A, Goy‐Thollot I, Cambournac M, Nectoux A, Allaouchiche B. Effectiveness of chest physiotherapy using passive slow expiratory techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation: A randomized controlled trial. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1525-1535. [PMID: 33704831 PMCID: PMC8163121 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged slow expiration (PSE) and assisted cough (AC) are airway clearance techniques feasible and well tolerated in dogs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of PSE and AC as chest physiotherapy (CP) techniques in dogs with airway fluid accumulation. ANIMALS Thirty-one client-owned dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit from October 2014 to May 2018. METHODS Prospective randomized controlled trial. Dogs presented with or developing acute dyspnea during hospitalization associated with airway fluid accumulation were assigned to CP group (medical treatment and CP, 15 dogs) or control group (medical treatment alone, 16 dogs). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) ratio (P/F ratio; PaO2 /FiO2 × 100) was calculated daily for the 1st 48 hours of hospitalization and using the last arterial blood gas performed before discharge or death. The ratio of days of hospitalization with oxygen/total number of hospitalization days (ratio of oxygen-free-days [O2 Free]) was calculated. RESULTS During the 1st 48 hours, the P/F ratio increased significantly in the CP group compared to the control group (+ 35.1 mm Hg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-57.5; P = .03). The (median; 1st quartile to 3rd quartile) difference between the P/F ratio at discharge and inclusion was significantly higher in the CP group (178 mm Hg; 123-241) than in the control group (54 mm Hg; -19 - 109; P = .001). Mean O2 Free increased by 46.4% in the CP group compared with control group (95% CI = 16-59; P = .001). Mortality was 13% (2/15) in the CP group and 44% (7/16) in the control group (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Prolonged slow expiration and AC improved P/F ratio within 48 hours and decreased need for oxygenation in dyspneic dogs with acute airway fluid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pouzot‐Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU)Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Mathieu Magnin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Anthony Barthélemy
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU)Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Isabelle Goy‐Thollot
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU)Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Maxime Cambournac
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU)Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Alexandra Nectoux
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU)Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
| | - Bernard Allaouchiche
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSeMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Service de RéanimationHospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐SudPierre‐BéniteFrance
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15
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Baudin F, Pouzot-Nevoret C, Hocine L, Allaouchiche B. High flow nasal cannula: an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:405-406. [PMID: 33263459 PMCID: PMC10812211 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20977779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Harduin C, Allaouchiche B, Nègre J, Goy-Thollot I, Barthélemy A, Fougeray A, Baudin F, Bonnet-Garin JM, Pouzot-Nevoret C. Impact of flow and temperature on non-dyspnoeic dogs' tolerance undergoing high-flow oxygen therapy. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:265-271. [PMID: 33346390 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively describe the impact of gas flow rate and temperature on dog's tolerance of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy during recovery from anaesthesia, hypothesizing that higher flow rates and temperatures will decrease tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve non-dyspnoeic client-owned dogs recovering from general anaesthesia were included in this study. After extubation, a nasal cannula was positioned and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy was initiated. Two flow rates (two or four time the theoretical minute ventilation: HF2 and HF4), each of them combined with two temperatures (31 and 37°C: T31 and T37), were randomly applied (four conditions per dog). For each condition, cardiovascular and respiratory parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic arterial blood pressure and pulse oximeter oxygen saturation), sedation score and tolerance score were recorded at initiation (T0 ) and after 10 minutes of accommodation (T10 ). RESULTS Sedation scores were not significantly different between the four conditions. Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were not significantly different between any condition at both T0 and T10 . Tolerance scores were good and not significantly different between any flow rate or temperature (HF2-T31: 4 (2-4), HF4-T31: 4 (2-4), HF2-T37: 4 (2-4), HF4-T37: 4 (1-4)). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The gas flow rates and temperatures studied have no impact on tolerance during the recovery period of non-dyspnoeic dogs, and high-flow nasal cannula is well tolerated. Further studies are required to confirm these results in dyspnoeic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Harduin
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - B Allaouchiche
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, F-69310, France
| | - J Nègre
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, F-69310, France
| | - I Goy-Thollot
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - A Barthélemy
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - A Fougeray
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - F Baudin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Bron, F- 69500, France
| | - J M Bonnet-Garin
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - C Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
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17
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Respiratory Emergencies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 50:1237-1259. [PMID: 32891440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory distress is commonly seen in dogs and cats presenting to the emergency room. Rapid identification of respiratory difficulty with strategic stabilization and diagnostic efforts are warranted to maximize patient outcome. This article focuses on the relevant anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and the clinical recognition, stabilization, and initial diagnostic planning for small animal patients that present for respiratory emergencies.
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18
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Jagodich TA, Bersenas AME, Bateman SW, Kerr CL. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in 22 dogs requiring oxygen support escalation. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:364-375. [PMID: 32583614 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on cardiorespiratory variables and outcome in dogs with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. DESIGN Prospective, sequential clinical trial. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs that failed to respond to traditional oxygen support. INTERVENTIONS Initiation of HFNC therapy after traditional oxygen supplementation failed to increase Spo2 > 96% and Pao2 > 75 mm Hg or improve respiratory rate/effort. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Physiological variables, blood gas analyses, and dyspnea/sedation/tolerance scores were collected prior to HFNC initiation (on traditional oxygen support [time 0 or T0]), and subsequently during HFNC oxygen administration at time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 7 ± 1 hours. Relative to T0, use of HFNC resulted in a decreased respiratory rate at 1 hour (P = 0.022) and 7 hours (P = 0.012), a decrease in dyspnea score at all times (P < 0.01), and an increase in Spo2 at all times (P < 0.01). There was no difference in arterial/venous Pco2 relative to T0, although Paco2 was correlated with flow rate. Based on respiratory assessment, 60% of dogs responded to HFNC use by 30 minutes, and 45% ultimately responded to HFNC use and survived. No clinical air-leak syndromes were observed. CONCLUSIONS HFNC use improved oxygenation and work of breathing relative to traditional oxygen therapies, without impairing ventilation. HFNC use appears to be a beneficial oxygen support modality to bridge the gap between standard oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Jagodich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa M E Bersenas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane W Bateman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Kerr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Jagodich TA, Bersenas AME, Bateman SW, Kerr CL. Preliminary evaluation of the use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy during recovery from general anesthesia in dogs with obstructive upper airway breathing. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:487-492. [PMID: 32542930 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachycephalic airway syndrome can pose a risk of complicated recovery from anesthesia as a result of irritation to the excess pharyngeal andlaryngeal tissue present in affected dogs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a respiratory support modality that offers provision of continuous positive airway pressure via high gas flow rates. The HFNC system actively warms and humidifies inspired gases, which improves comfort and facilitates tolerance of the high flow rates in people and dogs. HFNC oxygen therapy was applied to brachycephalic dogs that developed increased work of breathing or hypoxemia in the recovery phase of anesthesia to determine if this device would be tolerable and effective for relief of upper respiratory difficulty. KEY FINDINGS The HFNC nasal prong interface is well suited to the brachycephalic facial structure. The application of HFNC was found to reduce dyspnea scores in patients with signs of upper airway obstruction after general anesthesia. Aerophagia and changes in PCO2 were noted. SIGNIFICANCE Application of HFNC in the recovery period may result in improved airflow during times of somnolent obstructive breathing, not unlike the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in sleep-disordered breathing in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Jagodich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa M E Bersenas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane W Bateman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Kerr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Sammour I, Karnati S. Non-invasive Respiratory Support of the Premature Neonate: From Physics to Bench to Practice. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:214. [PMID: 32457860 PMCID: PMC7227410 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature births continue to rise globally with a corresponding increase in various morbidities among this population. Rates of respiratory distress syndrome and the consequent development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) are highest among the extremely preterm infants. The majority of extremely low birth weight premature neonates need some form of respiratory support during their early days of life. Invasive modes of respiratory assistance have been popular amongst care providers for many years. However, the practice of prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased likelihood of developing BPD along with other comorbidities. Due to the improved understanding of the pathophysiology of BPD, and technological advances, non-invasive respiratory support is gaining popularity; whether as an initial mode of support, or for post-extubation of extremely preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency. Due to availability of a wide range of modalities, wide variations in practice exist among care providers. This review article aims to address the physical and biological basis for providing non-invasive respiratory support, the current clinical evidence, and the most recent developments in this field of Neonatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sammour
- Department of Neonatology, Lerner College of Medicine, Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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21
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Pouzot-Nevoret C, Hocine L, Nègre J, Goy-Thollot I, Barthélemy A, Boselli E, Bonnet JM, Allaouchiche B. Prospective pilot study for evaluation of high-flow oxygen therapy in dyspnoeic dogs: the HOT-DOG study. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:656-662. [PMID: 31313305 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the use, effectiveness and tolerance of high-flow oxygen therapy in dyspnoeic dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospectively, dogs in acute respiratory distress admitted to an intensive care unit between January and May 2018 that failed to respond to nasal oxygen therapy and medical stabilisation after 30 minutes were transitioned to high-flow oxygen therapy. High-flow oxygen therapy, delivered an inspired oxygen fraction of 100% using an air/oxygen blender, active humidifier, single warmed tube and specific nasal cannula. Respiratory rate, pulse oximetry (SpO2 ), heart rate and a tolerance score were assessed every 15 minutes from T0 (under nasal oxygen) to 1 hour (T60 ), and PaO2 and PaCO2 at T0 and T60 . Complications were recorded for each dog. RESULTS Eleven dogs were included. At T60 , PaO2 , flow rate and SpO2 were significantly greater than at T0 (171 ± 123 versus 73 ± 24 mmHg; P=0.015; 18 ±12 L/minute versus 3.2 ± 2.0 L/minute, P<0.01; 97.7 ±2.3% versus 91.6 ±7.2%, P=0.03, respectively). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 , respiratory rate or heart rate between T0 and T60 . Tolerance was excellent, and there were no complications. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE High-flow oxygen therapy improves markers of oxygenation in dyspnoeic dogs and is an effective means to deliver oxygen with comfort and minimal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pouzot-Nevoret
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - L Hocine
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - J Nègre
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, F-69310, France
| | - I Goy-Thollot
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - A Barthélemy
- Intensive Care Unit (SIAMU), Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - E Boselli
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - J M Bonnet
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France
| | - B Allaouchiche
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Marcy l'Etoile, F-69280, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service de Réanimation, Pierre-Bénite, F-69310, France
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