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Neri S, Mascolini MV, Peruffo A, Todros S, Zuin M, Cordaro L, Martines E, Contiero B, Carniel EL, Iacopetti I, Patruno M, Fontanella CG, Perazzi A. How does atmospheric pressure cold helium plasma affect the biomechanical behaviour on alkali-lesioned corneas? BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:153. [PMID: 38659026 PMCID: PMC11041036 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melting corneal ulcers are a serious condition that affects a great number of animals and people around the world and it is characterised by a progressive weakening of the tissue leading to possible severe ophthalmic complications, such as visual impairment or blindness. This disease is routinely treated with medical therapy and keratoplasty, and recently also with alternative regenerative therapies, such as cross-linking, amniotic membrane transplant, and laser. Plasma medicine is another recent example of regenerative treatment that showed promising results in reducing the microbial load of corneal tissue together with maintaining its cellular vitality. Since the effect of helium plasma application on corneal mechanical viscoelasticity has not yet been investigated, the aim of this study is first to evaluate it on ex vivo porcine corneas for different exposition times and then to compare the results with previous data on cross-linking treatment. RESULTS 94 ex vivo porcine corneas divided into 16 populations (healthy or injured, fresh or cultured and treated or not with plasma or cross-linking) were analysed. For each population, a biomechanical analysis was performed by uniaxial stress-relaxation tests, and a statistical analysis was carried out considering the characteristic mechanical parameters. In terms of equilibrium normalised stress, no statistically significant difference resulted when the healthy corneas were compared with lesioned plasma-treated ones, independently of treatment time, contrary to what was obtained about the cross-linking treated corneas which exhibited more intense relaxation phenomena. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the influence of the Helium plasma treatment was observed on the viscoelasticity of porcine corneas ex vivo, by restoring in lesioned tissue a degree of relaxation similar to the one of the native tissue, even after only 2 min of application. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that plasma treatment is a promising new regenerative ophthalmic therapy for melting corneal ulcers, laying the groundwork for further studies to correlate the mechanical findings with corneal histology and ultrastructural anatomy after plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Vittoria Mascolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Peruffo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Zuin
- RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN), Padova, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cordaro
- RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN), Padova, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Padova, Italy
| | - Emilio Martines
- Department of Physics "G. Occhialini", University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Luigi Carniel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giulia Fontanella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Baadsgaard Bruun L, Waskiw Hardon TA, Havnsøe Krogh AK, Qvortup K, Heegaard S, Thuri Kristensen A, Henriksen MDL. The use of a "horizontal centrifugation protocol" to prepare autologous platelet-rich fibrin membranes for corneal reconstruction surgery in dogs with complicated corneal ulcerations: A case series. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37721981 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this case series was to describe the effect of autologous PRF membrane for corneal reconstruction surgery in dogs. PRF membranes made from two healthy dogs unrelated to the current case series were used for PRF histologic analyses. ANIMALS Seven dogs with complicated corneal ulcerations. PROCEDURE A complete ophthalmic examination, hematology, and fibrinogen analysis were performed pre-surgery. A PRF clot was made from autologous blood in a serum tube after centrifugation in a horizontal Bio-PRF® Centrifuge at 700 × g for 8 min. The PRF clot was processed in a PRF-Box® into a PRF membrane. The PRF membrane was sutured to the corneal ulcer bed. Each dog had a follow-up at days 5-7, 12-14, and 30-40 post-surgery. A final long-term follow-up was performed as well. RESULTS A positive outcome with healing and a "good" quality PRF membrane was seen in six out of seven dogs. One dog had a fibrinogen level below normal range and the PRF membrane was of "poor" quality. This dog developed a descemetocele 13 days post-surgery and needed rescue surgery. Mean healing time for all dogs was 9 ± 5.5 days. Minimal scarring, corneal pigmentation, and vascularization were observed at the final long-term follow-up 288 ± 44 days post-surgery. CONCLUSION PRF membrane was successful as graft material for corneal ulceration reconstruction surgery. Low fibrinogen appeared to have negative effect on the quality of the PRF membrane, showing the importance for the surgeon to evaluate the quality of the PRF membrane prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Baadsgaard Bruun
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Anicura Aarhus Veterinary Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tommy A Waskiw Hardon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Haslev Veterinary Clinic, Haslev, Denmark
| | - Anne K Havnsøe Krogh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortup
- Departmnent of Biomedical Science, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Thuri Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala de Linde Henriksen
- Comparative Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Dulaurent T, Rozoy M, Steun L, Isard PF. Multidirectional corneoconjunctival transposition in the treatment of large keratomalacia in 7 dogs and 5 cats. Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 36943897 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the use of multidirectional corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT) as a surgical treatment for large keratomalacia. METHOD A prospective study including dogs and cats initially presenting with keratomalacia larger than 6 × 6 mm and affecting more than half of the corneal thickness. Signalment, concurrent eye diseases, ulcer size, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results, follow-up, and outcome were recorded. The surgery consisted of harvesting of two or three opposite corneoconjunctival grafts, after removal of the malacic tissue using a square-edge keratectomy. The medical treatment consisted of administration of topical and systemic antibiotics, topical atropine, and N-acetylcysteine. Follow-up examinations were performed at D7, D14, D21, and D28, and then at various time points. The corneal clarity score (CCS) was recorded upon completion of the follow-up period. RESULTS Seven dogs and five cats were included. Brachycephalic dogs were overrepresented, with no breed predisposition in cats. Concurrent eye diseases were corneal pigmentation in three dogs, hypopyon in two dogs, nictitating membrane wound in one dog, and corneal perforation in one cat. The size of the keratomalacia ranged from 6 × 6 to 9.5 × 11.5 mm. The short-term complications were suture dehiscence (two of 12) and progression of the keratomalacia (one of 12). The long-term complications were corneal pigmentation (10 of 12), corneal epithelial inclusion cyst (two of 12), and marginal synechiae (one of 12). All animals were sighted at the last follow-up. The median CCS was G3 (range G2-G4). CONCLUSION Multidirectional CCT is an effective surgical treatment for large keratomalacia in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dulaurent
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint-Martin, Allonzier-la-Caille, France
| | - Manon Rozoy
- Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole si Medicina Veterinara, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laure Steun
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Saint-Martin, Allonzier-la-Caille, France
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Cognard S, Barnouin L, Bosc J, Gindraux F, Robin MC, Douet JY, Thuret G. New Devitalized Freeze-Dried Human Umbilical Cord Amniotic Membrane as an Innovative Treatment of Ocular Surface Defects: Preclinical Results. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030150. [PMID: 36135586 PMCID: PMC9502562 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A preclinical study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of a new viral inactivated, devitalized, freeze-dried and gamma-sterilized human umbilical cord amniotic membrane (lhUC-AM) for the treatment of deep scleral and corneal defects with or without perforation. Firstly, lhUC-AM was investigated on experimental deep sclerectomy in rabbit eyes (n = 12) and compared to autograft (n = 4) on cross section histology. Secondly, lhUC-AM was studied on a selected series of uncontrolled cases of corneal defects (n = 18) with or without perforation, in dogs and cats. lhUC-AM tolerance, reconstruction of the deep corneal lesion and recovery of the structural aspect of the tissue were followed post-surgery. In experimental deep sclerectomy, histology showed that the lhUC-AM was well tolerated and degraded completely in 45 days while allowing an overall quality and kinetic of scleral regeneration, similar to autograft. In the clinical situations, lhUC-AM was well tolerated, with ocular inflammatory signs quickly decreasing after surgery. Mean follow-up was 16.40 ± 11.43 months. In 15 out of 18 cases, lhUC-AM allowed ocular surface wound healing. The ocular surface was fully reconstructed three months after surgery. This study suggests a good safety and efficacy profile of lhUC-AM in the treatment of deep corneal or scleral defect in animals. This new tissue should now facilitate the treatment of severe ocular surface diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cognard
- Clinique Vétérinaire des Ducs de Bourgogne, 11 Ter Rue Paul Langevin, 21300 Chenove, France
| | - Laurence Barnouin
- Tissue Bank of France, 6 rue d’Italie, 69780 Mions, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-72-68-69-09
| | - Justine Bosc
- Tissue Bank of France, 6 rue d’Italie, 69780 Mions, France
| | - Florelle Gindraux
- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Traumatologique et Plastique, CHU Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Nanomédecine, Imagerie, Thérapeutique EA 4662, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Claire Robin
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Yves Douet
- Small Animal Clinic, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Biology, Engineering and IMAGING of Corneal Graft, BiiGC, Faculty of Medicine, Health Innovation Campus, 10 rue de la Marandière, 42270 Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
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Silveira BC, Ribeiro AP, Pizzinatto FD, Lobo PM, Miranda HR, de Assis Pereira N. Effects of commercial amniotic membrane extract on the re-epithelialization time and the early expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cats with experimentally induced corneal ulcers. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26 Suppl 1:154-162. [PMID: 36094319 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a commercially available amniotic membrane extract (AME) can accelerate corneal wound healing and suppress the early expression of MMP-9 in the tears of cats with experimentally induced superficial ulcerative keratitis. PROCEDURES A total number of 16 cats were included. At the end of keratectomy, cats in the treatment group (TG, n = 8) received 40 μl of AME (EyeQ® Amniotic Eye Drops, Vetrix®) four times daily, while cats in the control group (CG, n = 8) received 40 μl of saline at the same time points. Tears were collected 24 and 48 h after keratectomy, and the total MMP-9 was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS The corneal re-epithelialization rate did not differ between groups (p = .26), being 0.48 ± 0.05 mm2 /h in the CG and 0.41 ± 0.03 mm2 /h in the TG. Similarly, the average time to achieve corneal wound healing did not differ between groups (p = .25) and was 61.50 ± 3.54 h in the CG and 70.50 ± 6.71 h in the TG. The dimensions of the ulcerated areas also did not differ at any time point between the groups (p > .05). In both groups, corneas healed without scarring, pigmentation, or vascularization. The expression of MMP-9 in the tears was similar in both groups at 24 h post-keratectomy, with a slight decrease at 48 h (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The instillation of a commercial AME (EyeQ®) is safe, but it did not decrease the corneal re-epithelialization time or the early expression of MMP-9 in the tears of cats with experimentally induced superficial ulcerative keratitis in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paloma Moraes Lobo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Permkam C, Suriyaphol G, Sirisawadi S, Tuntivanich N. Biological Compositions of Canine Amniotic Membrane and Its Extracts and the Investigation of Corneal Wound Healing Efficacy In Vitro. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050227. [PMID: 35622755 PMCID: PMC9143045 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The usage of canine amniotic membrane (cAM) is mainly of interest in veterinary ophthalmology. Topical formulations of cAM could deliver the beneficial properties of cAM without the need for surgical intervention. The present study aimed to investigate biological compositions of cAM and its extracts, including their corneal wound healing efficacy. In this study, canine amniotic membrane extract (cAME) and lyophilized canine amniotic membrane extract (cAMX) were developed. Bioactive molecules related to corneal wound healing, including hepatocyte growth factor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2, Thrombospondin-1 and Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were studied at both gene and protein expression levels. Cell viability and wound healing assays were investigated for the possibility of cAME and cAMX as topical applications. The results demonstrated that all of the relevant genes and proteins were detected in cAM, cAME and cAMX. Both cAME and cAMX showed wound healing properties in vitro and cAME at 1.0 mg/mL concentration appeared to have the best healing efficacy. In conclusion, cAME and cAMX generated for topical use provided promising results in the healing of corneal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunut Permkam
- Veterinary Bioscience Program, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (G.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sujin Sirisawadi
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (G.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Nalinee Tuntivanich
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +6684-695-1295
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Lohajaroensub R, Sawangmake C, Rodkhum C, Tuntivanich N. Expression of Antimicrobial Peptide Genes in the Canine Amniotic Membrane. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050200. [PMID: 35622728 PMCID: PMC9146009 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human amniotic membrane has been successfully used in human ocular reconstruction. Several studies have demonstrated its properties, including antimicrobial features. As a result of the restricted availability of human amniotic membrane for veterinary use, canine amniotic membrane has become an attractive alternative. Clinical studies of the application of canine amniotic membrane in animals and the understanding of its biological properties are limited. This study aimed to determine the expression of peptide genes of natural antimicrobials in canine amniotic membrane. Expressions of canine β-defensin 1, 102, and 103, and canine Elafin were determined in healthy puppies by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Canine β-defensin 1, 103, and Elafin were expressed in all samples, possibly suggesting a role in the innate immune system of normal canine amniotic membrane. Further investigations of protein expression and localization are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajit Lohajaroensub
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Nalinee Tuntivanich
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-84-695-1295
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Santillo D, Mathieson I, Corsi F, Göllner R, Guandalini A. The use of acellular porcine corneal stroma xenograft (BioCorneaVet ™ ) for the treatment of deep stromal and full thickness corneal defects: A retrospective study of 40 cases (2019-2021). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:469-483. [PMID: 34480395 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the effectiveness and outcome of corneal grafting using acellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) for veterinary use (BioCorneaVet™ ) to restore corneal integrity in dogs. METHODS A review of medical records of patients that underwent keratoplasty with APCS graft to repair deep corneal defects, descemetoceles, and perforations between 2019 and 2021 was carried out. Only animals with intact dazzle reflex, consensual PLR before the surgery and a minimum follow-up of four weeks were considered for the study, with forty dogs (1 eye each) meeting the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Brachycephalic breeds were the most frequently represented, and 20 right eyes and 20 left eyes were affected with 25 perforations, 8 descemetoceles, and 9 deep stromal defects (1 eye had both perforation and descemetocele). Most of the patients had concurrent ocular diseases or had undergone previous surgery on the other eye. Two different thickness of xenograft was used (300 or 450 µm), and the diameter ranged from 3 to 10 mm. Postoperative complications included mild to severe corneal vascularization, partial dehiscence, melting, and glaucoma. Follow-up time ranged from 28 to 797 days (mean: 233 days). Ocular integrity was maintained in 37/40 cases (92.5%), and vision was preserved in 36 cases (90%). CONCLUSION The use of APCS (BioCorneaVet™ ) is an effective surgical treatment for deep stromal defects, descemetocele, and perforations in dogs, providing a good tectonic support and preserving anatomical integrity and vision. The cosmetic appearance was considered good in all the cases and continued to improve with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santillo
- Eye Vet Referral, Sutton Weaver, Cheshire, UK.,Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Roma, Italy
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Lavaud A, Kowalska ME, Voelter K, Pot SA, Rampazzo A. Penetrating Keratoplasty in Dogs using Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma (BioCorneaVet™): A prospective pilot study of five cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:543-553. [PMID: 33774897 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective pilot study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of a commercially available corneal stroma substitute, Acellular Porcine Corneal Stroma (APCS), in dogs undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) to restore corneal integrity after having deep ulcers. METHOD Five dogs (1 eye in each dog) underwent a PK using APCS (BioCorneaVet™) as a graft. The surgical procedure and peri- and postoperative treatment were standardized. All cases required a minimum 6 months follow-up. Ease of keratoprosthetic tissue handling, graft survival, anterior chamber stability, corneal opacity, neovascularization and re-epithelialization were noted. Presence of secondary uveitis was investigated. RESULTS BioCorneaVet™ was easy to handle and, at all-time points, provided adequate tectonic support. Graft survival was achieved in all 5 cases. A minimum follow-up period of 10 months was available for the five eyes (22 months maximum). Degree and area of corneal graft opacity progressively improved resulting in minimal to moderate loss of transparency in all cases but one, where it was severe. Neovascularization degree was most severe 0.5-1 month after surgery and fully resolved 4-6 months post-surgery. Re-epithelialization was complete in the majority of grafts in 1 month. Secondary uveitis was not detected at any time in 4 of 5 dogs. CONCLUSION BioCorneaVet™ seems to be an effective graft for PK in the dog. In this case series, APCS was convenient to handle during surgery and provided excellent tectonic support. The material showed good tissue biocompatibility and resulted in the majority of cases in minimal to moderate graft opacity, that ameliorates with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Lavaud
- Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malwina Ewa Kowalska
- Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Voelter
- Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon A Pot
- Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Rampazzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dower NMB, Ribeiro AP, Gomes LG, de Cássia Martini A, Taques IIGG, de Almeida SLH, da Silva MIV, de Aguiar DM. Concentrations of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and hyaluronic acid in canine amniotic membranes cryopreserved for different time points and its effects in dogs with complicated corneal ulcers. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:62-72. [PMID: 34240563 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the concentrations of total protein (TP), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in amniotic membranes (AMs) harvested from placentas of bitches of different ages and cryopreserved for different time points. The outcomes of complicated corneal defects of dogs repaired with AMs stored for the same time points were also evaluated. PROCEDURES Ten cryopreserved canine AMs were stored for short term (2-50 days), middle term (92-210 days), or long term (256-357 days). TP was quantified by Bradford's test, whereas TIMP-1 and HA were quantified by ELISA. Twenty-one dogs that had an AM transplantation to restore deep or perforating corneal wounds were selected. RESULTS TIMP-1 levels were lower in AMs cryopreserved for middle term (p = .02) and long term (p = .0009), when compared to AMs stored for short term. TP (p = .39) and HA (p = .18) concentrations in AMs did not differ among the storage time. TIMP-1 concentration in AMs correlated with storage time (R = -.65, p < .0001), while TP (R = -.33, p = .07) and HA concentrations did not (R = -.15, p = .41). The age of donors did not correlate with the components evaluated in the AMs. Corneal defects repaired with AMs stored for short term healed sooner than the ones repaired with AMs stored for middle (p < .01) and long term (p = .02). Additionally, TIMP-1 levels in AMs correlated negatively with the epithelization time (R = -.62, p = .002). Graft opacity was severe in 55% of cases. However, the HA levels in AMs correlated negatively with the opacification score (R = -.47, p = .03). Vision was observed in more patients who presented deep ulcers and descemetoceles, than in the ones with perforations (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS TIMP-1 concentration in canine AMs significantly decreased over a year storage time, while TP and HA concentrations did not change during the same period. The age of donors did not correlate with the components evaluated in the AMs. Complicated corneal defects repaired with AMs cryopreserved for short term healed sooner and tended to be less opaque; however, satisfactory to optimal outcomes were achieved even in the eyes repaired with AMs stored for up to a year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lianna Ghisi Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Mezzadri V, Crotti A, Nardi S, Barsotti G. Surgical treatment of canine and feline descemetoceles, deep and perforated corneal ulcers with autologous buccal mucous membrane grafts. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:599-609. [PMID: 34085742 PMCID: PMC9292918 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To report the surgical technique and postoperative outcome of corneal repair with autologous buccal mucous membrane grafts in dogs and cats with descemetoceles, deep corneal ulcers, and perforated corneal ulcers with or without iris prolapse. Animal studied Twelve cats (13 eyes) and fourteen dogs (14 eyes) were treated. Procedures Grafts were harvested from the unpigmented superior labial mucosa using a biopsy punch. The corneal lesion was carefully debrided and cleaned. The graft was secured to the healthy cornea with a combination of simple interrupted and continuous 9–0 polyglycolic acid sutures. In 25/27 treated eyes, an overlying pedicle conjunctival graft was also performed. A temporary nictitating membrane flap was used in all cases. The pedicle conjunctival graft was trimmed about 10–20 days postoperatively. The median follow‐up period was 549.2 days (range 14–2691 days). Results No surgical intra‐operative complications were observed. The ulcers healed and the integrity of the globe was restored in 24/27 treated eyes. Different grades of corneal fibrosis and/or vascularization and/or pigmentation were observed in all cases at the long‐term follow‐up. In two cases, enucleation was performed due to postoperative complications and one animal developed phthisis bulbi. A total of 22/27 treated eyes appeared to have regained effective visual function at the last clinical evaluation. Conclusions Autologous buccal mucous membrane grafts appear to successfully manage severe corneal ulcers in dogs and cats, providing a useful and economical alternative to other corneal grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mezzadri
- Oculistica Veterinaria Genova, Genova, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Samanta Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Hartley C. Outcomes of treatments for keratomalacia in dogs and cats: a systematic review of the published literature including non-randomised controlled and non-controlled studies. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:840-849. [PMID: 33934337 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to interrogate the evidence base for treatment of keratomalacia in dogs and cats, through examination of the applicable literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were screened for evidence to answer the following question Which of the treatment options for keratomalacia in dogs and cats offers the best chance of globe survival, the fastest time to resolution with globe survival, and the best visual outcome. The search utilised the PubMed (http://www.pubmed.gov/) and ISI Web of Science (http://wok.mimas.ac.uk/) databases. Databases were searched using the following terms: (keratomalacia OR corneal melt OR corneal malacia) AND (dog OR canine OR canid OR cat OR feline OR felid) AND (treatment OR outcome OR morbidity OR complications). Studies were assessed by one author (CH) and excluded if they related to less than three keratomalacia cases, experimental treatments, in vitro studies, or did not provide information regarding outcome. Studies were classified to a level of evidence according to the system described by the Oxford Centre for EvidenceBased Medicine. RESULTS Eighteen (18) studies were identified as providing information to answer the proposed question, one as level 3, 10 as level 4 and seven as level 5 evidence. Only one study compared two treatments, the remaining were prospective or retrospective case series of a single treatment intervention. Study design was highly variable with respect to population size, followup and outcome assessment, making direct comparison difficult, and metaanalysis was not applied. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Overall, the evidence for improved outcome of one proposed treatment over another proposed treatment for keratomalacia in dogs and/or cats is very weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hartley
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol Veterinary School, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
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13
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Tsvetanova A, Powell RM, Tsvetanov KA, Smith KM, Gould DJ. Melting corneal ulcers (keratomalacia) in dogs: A 5-year clinical and microbiological study (2014-2018). Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:265-278. [PMID: 33794048 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify bacterial microorganisms associated with canine keratomalacia, review their antimicrobial sensitivity, and evaluate clinical outcomes compared to results of microbial culture. METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical records of dogs diagnosed with a melting corneal ulcer presented to a referral hospital in Hertfordshire, UK between 2014 and 2018. RESULTS One hundred and ten melting corneal ulcers were sampled in 106 dogs. The most common pure bacterial isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 26) followed by β-hemolytic Streptococcus (n = 12). Melting corneal ulcers that cultured coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, coliform bacteria, Pasteurella multocida, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus viridans presented in smaller numbers and were analyzed together (n = 16). Multiple cultures were identified in nine cases (n = 9). Forty-seven cultures yielded no bacterial growth (n = 47). The susceptibility to fluoroquinolones remained high with the exception of β-hemolytic Streptococci. There was no significant difference in the ulcer severity at presentation in regard to the cultured bacteria. Overall, 63 eyes (57%) received surgical grafting in addition to medical treatment. In 14 cases (13%), the progression of corneal melting despite medical ± surgical treatment resulted in enucleation. Fifty-seven percent (8/14) of the enucleated eyes cultured pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. In contrast, all β-hemolytic Streptococcus-associated ulcers healed. CONCLUSIONS The most common bacterial species associated with canine keratomalacia were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and β-hemolytic Streptococcus. Because of the variation in antibacterial sensitivity between these two species, bacterial culture and sensitivity testing should be performed in all dogs presenting with keratomalacia. Melting corneal ulcers associated with pure Pseudomonas infection were significantly more likely to result in globe loss than melting corneal ulcers associated with other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tsvetanova
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerry M Smith
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - David J Gould
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, UK
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14
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Steinmetz A, Theyse LF. Treatment of deep corneal ulcers with porcine small intestinal submusosa using a modified surgical technique in dogs. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:812-817. [PMID: 33598250 PMCID: PMC7869326 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of deep corneal ulcers using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) without corneal sutures in combination with a third eyelid flap seems a promising technical modification. Advantages are a reduction in surgery time and no additional damage of healthy corneal tissue.
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15
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Maini S, Hurley-Bennett K, Dawson C. Case Series Describing the Use of Low-Temperature Vacuum-Dehydrated Amnion (Omnigen) for the Treatment of Corneal Ulcers in Cats and Dogs: 46 Cases (2016-2017). Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100474. [PMID: 32919060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane is widely used in the treatment of ocular surface disorders in human and veterinary patients. Preservation and storage of amnion has proven challenging, prompting the development of new preservation techniques. Omnigen, a novel low-temperature vacuum-dehydrated amnion, is reported to possess enhanced structural properties and biochemical stability in vitro, but its clinical use in veterinary patients is not well described. This study aims to document and describe the varied use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. A total of 45 patients (46 eyes) were recruited from the clinical record system of the Royal Veterinary College (London) between January 2016 and December 2017. Brachycephalic breeds were over-represented (37/45; 82.2%). Omnigen was used as a standalone graft in 5/46 (10.9%) eyes, as a supplementary graft in 29/46 (63.0%) eyes and as a patch in 12/46 (26.1%) eyes. Graft failure occurred in 10/46 eyes (21.7%). At final examination 43/46 eyes (93.5%) had healed and 31/33 eyes (93.9%) were visual. This study demonstrates the successful use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. Further studies are needed to clarify its properties and benefits in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK.
| | - Kiera Hurley-Bennett
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
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16
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Gogova S, Leiva M, Ortillés Á, Lacerda RP, Seruca C, Laguna F, Crasta M, Ríos J, Peña MT. Corneoconjunctival transposition for the treatment of deep stromal to full-thickness corneal defects in dogs: A multicentric retrospective study of 100 cases (2012-2018). Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:450-459. [PMID: 31950569 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate the use of corneoconjunctival transposition (CTT) as a surgical treatment for canine deep stromal ulcers, descemetoceles, and full-thickness corneal defects and to determine its efficacy in preserving corneal graft transparency and vision. ANIMALS STUDIED One hundred client-owned dogs with deep stromal ulcers, descemetoceles, or full-thickness corneal defects. METHODS Medical records of canine patients that underwent CCT, from 2012 to 2018, were reviewed. Only, patients with preoperative positive consensual pupillary light and dazzle reflexes were included. RESULTS There were 59 males and 41 females, from 0.3 to 17 years. Brachycephalic breeds were overrepresented (65%). All patients were unilaterally affected, with 16 deep stromal ulcers, 33 descemetoceles, and 51 corneal perforations, of a median (range) size of 4 (2-8) mm. The central cornea was affected in the majority of cases (57%), and euryblepharon and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were the most common concurrent ocular diseases (42% and 40%, respectively). The graft was most frequently harvested from dorsal (67%), and 9/0 absorbable suture material was used. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were seen in 7 and 21 cases, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 107.8 days. Vision was preserved in 96% patients, with 62% showing faint to mild opacification. Among the statistically analyzed variables, euryblepharon and pigmentary keratitis were found to be significantly associated with greater corneal graft opacification (P = .040 and P = .028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Corneoconjunctival transposition is an effective surgical treatment for deep stromal, descemetocele, and full-thickness corneal defects in dogs, achieving a highly satisfactory degree of corneal graft transparency and preserving vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savina Gogova
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Leiva
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ángel Ortillés
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Ríos
- Laboratory of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Peña
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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17
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Zhan XS, El-Ashram S, Luo DZ, Luo HN, Wang BY, Chen SF, Bai YS, Chen ZS, Liu CY, Ji HQ. A Comparative Study of Biological Characteristics and Transcriptome Profiles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Canine Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061485. [PMID: 30934541 PMCID: PMC6471769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising seed cells for cell therapy. Comparing the biological and transcriptome gene characteristics of MSCs from different sources provides an important basis for the screening of clinically used cells. The main purpose of this experiment was to establish methods for the isolation and culture of MSCs from five different canine sources, including adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane, and placenta, and compare biological and transcriptome characteristics of MSCs, in order to provide a basis for the clinical application of canine MSCs. MSCs were isolated from Chinese pastoral dogs, and the following experiments were performed: (1) the third, sixth, and ninth generations of cells were counted, respectively, and a growth curve was plotted to calculate the MSC population doubling time; (2) the expression of CD34 and CD44 surface markers was studied by immunofluorescence; (3) the third generation of cells were used for osteogenetic and adipogenic differentiation experiments; and (4) MSC transcriptome profiles were performed using RNA sequencing. All of the five types of MSCs showed fibroblast-like adherent growth. The cell surface expressed CD44 instead of CD34; the third-generation MSCs had the highest proliferative activity. The average population doubling time of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), placenta mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs), and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AM-MSCs) were 15.8 h, 21.2 h, 26.2 h, 35 h, and 41.9 h, respectively. All five types of MSCs could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts in vitro, with lipid droplets appearing after 8 days and bone formation occurring 5 days after AD-MSC induction. However, the multilineage differentiation for the remaining of MSCs was longer compared to that of the AD-MSCs. The MSC transcriptome profiles showed that AD-MSC and BM-MSCs had the highest homology, while P-MSCs were significantly different compared to the other four types of MSCs. All the isolated MSCs had the main biological characteristics of MSCs. AD-MSCs had the shortest time for proliferation, adipogenesis, and osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shu Zhan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Dong-Zhang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Hui-Na Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Bing-Yun Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Sheng-Feng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Yin-Shan Bai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Zhi-Sheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Can-Ying Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Ji
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China.
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