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O’Flaherty N, Bryce L, Nolan J, Lambert M. Changing Strategies for the Detection of Bacteria in Platelet Components in Ireland: From Primary and Secondary Culture (2010-2020) to Large Volume Delayed Sampling (2020-2023). Microorganisms 2023; 11:2765. [PMID: 38004776 PMCID: PMC10673373 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of platelet components (PC) poses the greatest microbial risk to recipients, as bacteria can multiply over the course of PC storage at room temperature. Between 2010 and 2020, the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) screened over 170,000 buffy coat-derived pooled (BCDP) and single-donor apheresis platelets (SDAPs) with the BACT/ALERT 3D microbial detection system (Biomerieux, L'Etoile, France), using a two-step screening protocol which incorporated primary and secondary cultures. Although the protocol was successful in averting septic transfusion reactions (STRs), testing large sample volumes at later time points was reported to improve detection of bacterial contamination. A modified large-volume delayed sampling (LVDS)-type protocol was adopted in 2020, which in the case of SDAP was applied to collections rather than individual splits (2020-2023, 44,642 PC screened). Rates of bacterial contamination for BCDP were 0.125% on Day-2, 0.043% on Day-4 vs. 0.191% in the post-LVDS period. SDAP contamination rates in the pre-LVDS period were 0.065% on Day-1, 0.017% on Day-4 vs. 0.072% in the post-LVDS period. Confirmed STRs were absent, and the interdiction rate for possibly contaminated SDAP was over 70%. In the post-LVDS period, BCDPs had a higher total positivity rate than SDAPs, 0.191% (1:525) versus 0.072% (1:1385), respectively, (chi-squared 12.124, 1 df, p = 0.0005). The majority of organisms detected were skin-flora-type, low pathogenicity organisms, including coagulase-negative staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes, with little change in the frequency of clinically significant organisms identified over time. Both protocols prevented the issue of potentially harmful components contaminated (rarely) with a range of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Serratia marcesens, Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci. Culture positivity of outdates post-LVDS whereby 100% of expired platelets are retested provides a residual risk estimate of 0.06% (95% CI 0.016-0.150). However, bacterial contamination rates in expired platelets did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the pre-LVDS 0.100% (CI 0.033-0.234) and post-LVDS 0.059% (0.016-0.150) periods (chi-squared = 0.651, 1 df, p = 0.42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh O’Flaherty
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, National Blood Centre, D08 NH5R Dublin, Ireland; (L.B.); (M.L.)
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2
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Saint-Pierre LM, Farrell KS, Hopper K, Reagan KL. Retrospective evaluation of fresh platelet concentrate administration in dogs: Patient characteristics, outcomes, and transfusion practices in 189 transfusion episodes (2008-2019). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:360-370. [PMID: 36799875 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe patient characteristics, underlying disease processes, clinical outcomes, transfusion dose and type (therapeutic or prophylactic), platelet count changes, and adverse events associated with platelet concentrate (PC) administration in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS A total of 149 dogs, representing 189 PC transfusion episodes. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In this population, 39 of 149 dogs (26.2%) were diagnosed with primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, 22 of 149 (14.8%) had decreased bone marrow production, 12 of 149 (8.0%) received PC during a massive transfusion, 3 of 149 (2.0%) had congenital thrombocytopathia, 59 of 149 (39.6%) had severe thrombocytopenia of other causes, and 14 of 149 (9.4%) underwent transfusion for miscellaneous causes without a documented severe thrombocytopenia. In 117 of 149 dogs (78.5%), >1 site of hemorrhage was noted. The most common sites of hemorrhage were the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in 89 of 149 (59.7%) and the skin in 78 of 149 (52.3%). Overall survival to discharge was 59.1% (88/149). The median PC dose was 0.8 units per 10 kg of body weight per transfusion episode (range: 0.2-6.7). Of 189 episodes, 29 of 189 (15.7%) were prophylactic, and 158 of 189 (83.6%) were therapeutic. For 99 of 189 transfusion episodes, paired pre- and postplatelet counts were available within 24 hours. The median platelet count change was 5.0 × 109 /L (5000/μL; range: -115 × 109 /L to 158 × 109 /L [-115,000 to 158,000/μL]); the posttransfusion platelet count was significantly higher than pretransfusion (P < 0.0001). The increase in platelet count after transfusion was greater in the prophylactic group than the therapeutic group (P = 0.0167). Transfusion reactions were suspected during 2 of 168 episodes (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was the most common disease process that resulted in PC transfusion. PC was more frequently administered to animals with active hemorrhage rather than prophylactically, and most dogs had evidence of hemorrhage in multiple organ systems, particularly the GI tract and skin. PC transfusions typically appeared safe, and the median platelet count increased after transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Saint-Pierre
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate S Farrell
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kate Hopper
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Krystle L Reagan
- Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Colagrossi L, Costabile V, Scutari R, Agosta M, Onori M, Mancinelli L, Lucignano B, Onetti Muda A, Del Baldo G, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Trua G, Montanari M, Alteri C, Bernaschi P, Perno CF. Evidence of pediatric sepsis caused by a drug resistant Lactococcus garvieae contaminated platelet concentrate. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1325-1334. [PMID: 35475418 PMCID: PMC9132404 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Owing to an increasing number of infections in adults, Lactococcus (L.) garvieae has gained recognition as an emerging human pathogen, causing bacteraemia and septicaemia. In September 2020, four paediatric onco-hematologic patients received a platelet concentrate from the same adult donor at Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome. Three of four patients experienced L. garvieae sepsis one day after transfusion. The L. garvieae pediatric isolates and the donor’s platelet concentrates were retrospectively collected for whole-genome sequencing and shot-gun metagenomics, respectively (Illumina HiSeq). By de novo assembly of the L. garvieae genomes, we found that all three pediatric isolates shared a 99.9% identity and were characterized by 440 common SNPs. Plasmid pUC11C (conferring virulence properties) and the temperate prophage Plg-Tb25 were detected in all three strains. Core SNP genome-based maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees confirmed their phylogenetic common origin and revealed their relationship with L. garvieae strains affecting cows and humans (bootstrap values >100 and posterior probabilities = 1.00). Bacterial reads obtained by the donor’s platelet concentrate have been profiled with MetaPhlAn2 (v.2.7.5); among these, 29.9% belonged to Firmicutes, and 5.16% to Streptococcaceae (>97% identity with L. garvieae), confirming the presence of L. garvieae in the platelet concentrate transfusion. These data showed three episodes of sepsis for the first time due to a transfusion-associated transmission of L. garvieae in three pediatric hospitalized hematology patients. This highlights the importance to implement the screening of platelet components with new human-defined pathogens for ensuring the safety of blood supply, and more broadly, for the surveillance of emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Colagrossi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Costabile
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scutari
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Agosta
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Onori
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mancinelli
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lucignano
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Onetti Muda
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Trua
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Montanari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bernaschi
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Laboratories, Unit of Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology and Multimodal Medicine Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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4
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Arnason NA, Johannsson F, Landrö R, Hardarsson B, Gudmundsson S, Lian AM, Reseland J, Rolfsson O, Sigurjonsson OE. Protein Concentrations in Stored Pooled Platelet Concentrates Treated with Pathogen Inactivation by Amotosalen Plus Ultraviolet a Illumination. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030350. [PMID: 35335674 PMCID: PMC8954553 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet granules contain a diverse group of proteins. Upon activation and during storage, platelets release a number of proteins into the circulation or supernatant of stored platelet concentrate (PC). The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of pathogen inactivation (PI) on a selection of proteins released in stored platelets. Materials and Methods: PCs in platelet additive solution (PAS) were produced from whole blood donations using the buffy coat (BC) method. PCs in the treatment arm were pathogen inactivated with amotosalen and UVA, while PCs in the second arm were used as an untreated platelet control. Concentrations of 36 proteins were monitored in the PCs during storage. Results: The majority of proteins increased in concentration over the storage period. In addition, 10 of the 29 proteins that showed change had significantly different concentrations between the PI treatment and the control at one or more timepoints. A subset of six proteins displayed a PI-related drop in concentration. Conclusions: PI has limited effect on protein concentration stored PC supernatant. The protein’s changes related to PI treatment with elevated concentration implicate accelerated Platelet storage lesion (PSL); in contrast, there are potential novel benefits to PI related decrease in protein concentration that need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Arni Arnason
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Ragna Landrö
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Björn Hardarsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Sveinn Gudmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Aina-Mari Lian
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Janne Reseland
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (A.-M.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (F.J.); (O.R.)
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland; (N.A.A.); (R.L.); (B.H.); (S.G.)
- School of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427; Fax: +354-543-5532
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5
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Matsumoto M, Kozakai M, Furuta RA, Matsubayashi K, Satake M. Association of Staphylococcus aureus in platelet concentrates with skin diseases in blood donors: Limitations of cultural bacterial screening. Transfusion 2022; 62:621-632. [PMID: 35045189 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (PCs) is a major problem in transfusion medicine. Contamination with Staphylococcus aureus is occasionally missed, even with cultural screening. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donors implicated in S. aureus-contaminated PC were followed up. Skin and nasal swab specimens from six donors and S. aureus isolated from PCs related to these donors were subjected to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine the identity of bacteria. To evaluate the validity of the screening method using BacT/ALERT 3D, we spiked S. aureus and three other bacterial species as comparisons into PCs and investigated their growth pattern. RESULTS S. aureus was isolated from all nasal specimens and from the arm skin specimens of three donors with atopic dermatitis. In all cases, the S. aureus strains isolated from the PC and those from the nasal and skin specimens of the same donor showed concordant results using MLST and PFGE. In the spiking study, S. aureus showed irregular detectability over 24 to 48 h post-spike periods, whereas the three other bacterial species were detected in all culture bottles after a 24-h post-spike period. DISCUSSION The strain identity of S. aureus between donor and PC suggests that the contaminants were derived from those colonized in the donor. Furthermore, S. aureus yielded false-negative results using BacT/ALERT 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Kozakai
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika A Furuta
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Bong JH, Park JH, Sung JS, Lee CK, Lee GY, Kang MJ, Kim HO, Pyun JC. Rapid Analysis of Bacterial Contamination in Platelets without Pre-Enrichment Using Pig Serum-Derived Antibodies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7779-7789. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ga-Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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7
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Fenwick AJ, Gehrie EA, Marshall CE, Tobian AAR, Shrestha R, Kacker S, Brunker PAR, Shifflett L, Carroll KC, Gozelanczyk D, Goel R, Ness PM, Bloch EM. Secondary bacterial culture of platelets to mitigate transfusion-associated sepsis: A 3-year analysis at a large academic institution. Transfusion 2020; 60:2021-2028. [PMID: 32750171 PMCID: PMC10007897 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration published its final recommendations to mitigate bacterial contamination of platelets. We sought to evaluate our secondary bacterial culture (SBC) strategy in light of those recommendations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of SBC data (October 2016-2019) at our institution. SBC was performed upon receipt (Day 3 after collection); 5 mL of platelet product was inoculated aseptically into an aerobic bottle and incubated at 35°C for 3 days. For 8 months, a 10-mL inoculum was trialed. No quarantine was applied. All positive cultures underwent Gram staining and repeat culture of the platelet product (if available). A probable true positive was defined as concordant positive culture between the initial and repeat culture. The incidence of probable true- and false-positive cultures were reported descriptively and differences evaluated by sampling volume. RESULTS Over 3 years, 55 896 platelet products underwent SBC, yielding 30 initial positive results (approx. 1/1863 platelets); 25 (83.3%) signaled within 24 hours of SBC. The rates of probable true positive, false positive, and indeterminate for 5 mL were 0.027% (1/3771), 0.002% (1/45 251) and 0.018% (1/5656), respectively. The respective rates for 10 mL were 0.018% (1/5323), 0.07% (1/1521), and 0%. Seven of eight (87.5%) false-positive SBCs occurred with a 10-mL inoculum. No septic transfusion reactions were reported. CONCLUSION SBC continues to interdict bacterially contaminated units of platelets. Our findings suggest higher rates of false positivity using large-volume inocula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Fenwick
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric A Gehrie
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christi E Marshall
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruchee Shrestha
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seema Kacker
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia A R Brunker
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Greater Chesapeake & Potomac Region, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Shifflett
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen C Carroll
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna Gozelanczyk
- American Red Cross Biomedical Services, Greater Chesapeake & Potomac Region, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruchika Goel
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Mississippi Valley Regional Blood Center, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Paul M Ness
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Kozakai M, Matsumoto C, Matsumoto M, Takakura A, Matsubayashi K, Satake M. Different growth kinetics in blood components and genetic analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2020; 60:1492-1499. [PMID: 32436250 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, we experienced the first isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from a platelet concentrate (PC). Thereafter, L. garvieae contamination of PCs occurred in two more cases in Japan. It is rare that bacterial contamination with uncommon strains like this species occurs frequently within a short period. Therefore, we performed a detailed analysis of the characteristics of these strains. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Three bacterial strains were identified by biochemical testing and molecular analysis. Genomic diversity was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). To observe growth kinetics in blood components, PCs were inoculated with the three different strains. RESULTS All three strains were identified as L. garvieae by molecular analysis. Each strain belonged to a different phylogenetic group according to MLST analysis. In the spiking trial, the three strains demonstrated differences in their final concentrations and changes in appearance of PCs. CONCLUSION In this study, all three L. garvieae strains were correctly identified by molecular analysis. Since the three strains were collected in different regions of Japan and belonged to different phylogenetic groups according to MLST analysis, it is suggested that L. garvieae have a wide distribution with diversity in Japan. In PCs, the three L. garvieae strains showed clear differences in growth kinetics and changes in appearance of PCs. These differences may have been the primary determinant of whether PC contamination was detected before transfusion. Moreover, L. garvieae represents an emerging foodborne bacterium that can cause transfusion-transmitted bacteremia. Understanding our cases may help prevent bacterial contamination of blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kozakai
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Takakura
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsubayashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Christensen C, Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Sigurjonsson OE. Effects of amotosalen treatment on human platelet lysate bioactivity: A proof-of-concept study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0220163. [PMID: 32294080 PMCID: PMC7159197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) usually requires an in vitro expansion step to reach clinically relevant numbers. In vitro cell expansion necessitates supplementation of basal mammalian cell culture medium with growth factors. To avoid using supplements containing animal substances, human platelet lysates (hPL) produced from expired and pathogen inactivated platelet concentrates can be used in place of fetal bovine serum. However, globally, most transfusion units are currently not pathogen inactivated. As blood banks are the sole source of platelet concentrates for hPL production, it is important to ensure product safety and standardized production methods. In this proof-of-concept study we assessed the feasibility of producing hPL from expired platelet concentrates with pathogen inactivation applied after platelet lysis by evaluating the retention of growth factors, cytokines, and the ability to support MSC proliferation and tri-lineage differentiation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were expanded and differentiated using hPL derived from pathogen inactivated platelet lysates (hPL-PIPL), with pathogen inactivation by amotosalen/ultraviolet A treatment applied after lysis of expired platelets. Results were compared to those using hPL produced from conventional expired pathogen inactivated platelet concentrates (hPL-PIPC), with pathogen inactivation applied after blood donation. hPL-PIPL treatment had lower concentrations of soluble growth factors and cytokines than hPL-PIPC treatment. When used as supplementation in cell culture, BM-MSCs proliferated at a reduced rate, but more consistently, in hPL-PIPL than in hPL-PIPC. The ability to support tri-lineage differentiation was comparable between lysates. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that functional hPL can be produced from expired and untreated platelet lysates by applying pathogen inactivation after platelet lysis. When carried out post-expiration, pathogen inactivation may provide a valuable solution for further standardizing global hPL production methods, increasing the pool of starting material, and meeting future demand for animal-free supplements in human cell culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Christensen
- The Blood Bank, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Sandra Mjoll Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
| | - Olafur Eysteinn Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Hafnarfjörður, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Jóhannsson F, Árnason NÁ, Landrö R, Guðmundsson S, Sigurjonsson ÓE, Rolfsson Ó. Metabolomics study of platelet concentrates photochemically treated with amotosalen and UVA light for pathogen inactivation. Transfusion 2019; 60:367-377. [PMID: 31802514 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of bacterial contamination and the deterioration of platelet (PLT) quality limit the shelf-life of platelet concentrates (PCs). The INTERCEPT pathogen inactivation system reduces the risk of pathogen transmission by inhibiting nucleic acid replication using a combination of a photo-reactive compound and UVA illumination. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects the INTERCEPT system has on the PLT metabolome and metabolic activity. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Paired units of buffy coat-derived PCs were generated using a pool and split strategy (n = 8). The paired PCs were either treated with the INTERCEPT system or left untreated. Samples were collected on Days 1, 2, 4, and 7 of storage. Ultra-performance chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the extra- and intracellular metabolomes. Constraint-based metabolic modeling was then used to predict the metabolic activity of the stored PLTs. RESULTS A relatively large number of metabolites in the extracellular environment were depleted during the processing steps of the INTERCEPT system, in particular, metabolites with hydrophobic functional groups, including acylcarnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines. In the intracellular environment, alterations in glucose and glycerophospholipid metabolism and decreased levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate were observed following the INTERCEPT treatment. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed residual amotosalen dimers present in the treated PCs. Systems-level analysis of PLT metabolism indicated that the INTERCEPT system does not have a significant impact on the PLT energy metabolism and nutrient utilization. CONCLUSIONS The INTERCEPT system significantly alters the metabolome of the stored PCs without significantly influencing PLT energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freyr Jóhannsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Medical Department, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Níels Á Árnason
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragna Landrö
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sveinn Guðmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ólafur E Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali-University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Óttar Rolfsson
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Medical Department, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Arnason NA, Johannson F, Landrö R, Hardarsson B, Irsch J, Gudmundsson S, Rolfsson O, Sigurjonsson OE. Pathogen inactivation with amotosalen plus UVA illumination minimally impacts microRNA expression in platelets during storage under standard blood banking conditions. Transfusion 2019; 59:3727-3735. [PMID: 31674051 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the risk of transfusion transmission infection, nucleic acid targeted methods have been developed to inactivate pathogens in PCs. miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in platelet function, and changes in the abundance of specific miRNAs during storage have been observed, as have perturbation effects related to pathogen inactivation (PI) methods. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of PI on selected miRNAs during storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using a pool and split strategy, 3 identical buffy coat PC units were generated from a pool of 24 whole blood donors. Each unit received a different treatment: 1) Untreated platelet control in platelet additive solution (C-PAS); 2) Amotosalen-UVA-treated platelets in PAS (PI-PAS); and 3) untreated platelets in donor plasma (U-PL). PCs were stored for 7 days under standard blood banking conditions. Standard platelet quality control (QC) parameters and 25 selected miRNAs were analyzed. RESULTS During the 7-day storage period, differences were found in several QC parameters relating to PI treatment and storage in plasma, but overall the three treatments were comparable. Out of 25 miRNA tested changes in regulation of 5 miRNA in PI-PAS and 3 miRNA U-PL where detected compared to C-PAS. A statistically significant difference was observed in down regulations miR-96-5p on Days 2 and 4, 61.9% and 61.8%, respectively, in the PI-PAS treatment. CONCLUSION Amotosalen-UVA treatment does not significantly alter the miRNA profile of platelet concentrates generated and stored using standard blood banking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Arni Arnason
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Freyr Johannson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ragna Landrö
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Björn Hardarsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sveinn Gudmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ottar Rolfsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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12
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Viana JD, Ferreira SC, Matana SR, Rossi F, Patel P, Garson JA, Rocha V, Tedder R, Mendrone-Júnior A, Levi JE. Detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates from Brazilian donors by molecular amplification of the ribosomal 16S gene. Transfus Med 2018; 28:420-426. [PMID: 30304760 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our work was to establish a semi-automated high-throughput DNA amplification method for the universal screening of bacteria in platelet concentrates (PCs). BACKGROUND Among cases of transfusion transmission of infectious agents, bacterial contamination ranks first in the number of events, morbidity and mortality. Transmission occurs mainly by transfused PCs. Automated culture is adopted by some blood banks for screening of bacterial contamination, but this procedure is expensive and has a relatively long turnaround time. METHODS PCs were spiked with suspensions of five different bacterial species in a final concentration of 1 and 10 colony-forming units (CFU) per millilitre. After incubation, the presence of bacteria was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by the Enhanced Bacterial Detection System (eBDS, Pall) assay as a reference method. Real-time PCR amplification was performed with a set of universal primers and probes targeting the 16S rRNA gene. Co-amplification of human mitochondrial DNA served as an internal control. RESULTS Using the real-time PCR method, it was possible to detect the presence of all bacterial species tested with an initial concentration of 10 CFU mL-1 24 h after contamination, except for Staphylococcus hominis. The PCR assay also detected, at 24 h, the presence of Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae with an initial concentration of 1 CFU mL-1 . CONCLUSIONS The real-time PCR assay may be a reliable alternative to conventional culture methods in the screening of bacterial contamination of PCs, enabling bacterial detection even with a low initial concentration of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Viana
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S C Ferreira
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Matana
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia do Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Patel
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK
| | - J A Garson
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Rocha
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Tedder
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, London, UK.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - J E Levi
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Chetouane Y, Gallian P, Chetouane K, Dubourg G, Chiaroni J, Raoult D, Camoin-Jau L. Comparing two blood culture systems for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2018; 58:2604-2610. [PMID: 30293236 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with bacteria may cause serious, and even fatal, septic reactions in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the VersaTREK with the BACTEC FX automated culture systems for screening bacterial contamination, directly after the delay of 24 hours of preparation to obtain the final pooled buffy coat PCs, to prevent transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Seven bacterial strains were each inoculated into five replicate pooled buffy coat PCs at approximately 100 colony-forming units/unit, and 5- or 10-mL samples were inoculated into duplicate aerobic culture bottles. The time and detection rates were compared between BACTEC FX, as a reference method, and VersaTREK. RESULTS Time to detection was significantly shorter using VersaTREK for most species detected by both systems for the volumes tested. Of 70 VersaTREK cultures, 69 (98.57% detection rate) were positive after 24 hours of incubation with the 5-mL sample. In contrast, the BACTEC FX system detected all positive samples in PCs for the volume of 10 mL, although seven samples were false negatives for the 5-mL volume. CONCLUSION The VersaTREK system compared favorably to the BACTEC FX system for 5-mL volumes (p < 0.05) and could be considered a potential method for detecting bacterial contamination in PC samples directly after 24 hours of preparation of the final pooled buffy coat PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Chetouane
- Aix-Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI) MEPHI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) IRD 198, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille.,Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Kahina Chetouane
- Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gregory Dubourg
- Aix-Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI) MEPHI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) IRD 198, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) CNRS, EFS, Anthropologie Bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé ADES Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) UMR 7268, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI) MEPHI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) IRD 198, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI) MEPHI, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) IRD 198, Marseille, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre hospitalo-universitaire CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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14
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Marks DC, Johnson L. Assays for phenotypic and functional characterization of cryopreserved platelets. Platelets 2018; 30:48-55. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1514108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Siddon AJ, Snyder EL, Tormey CA. Visualization of bacterial contamination in an apheresis platelet unit. J Clin Apher 2018; 33:671-672. [PMID: 30242893 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Edward L Snyder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher A Tormey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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16
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Garraud O, Lozano M. Pathogen inactivation/reduction technologies for platelet transfusion: Where do we stand? Transfus Clin Biol 2018; 25:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Garban F, Guyard A, Labussière H, Bulabois CE, Marchand T, Mounier C, Caillot D, Bay JO, Coiteux V, Schmidt-Tanguy A, Le Niger C, Robin C, Ladaique P, Lapusan S, Deconinck E, Rolland C, Foote AM, François A, Jacquot C, Tardivel R, Tiberghien P, Bosson JL. Comparison of the Hemostatic Efficacy of Pathogen-Reduced Platelets vs Untreated Platelets in Patients With Thrombocytopenia and Malignant Hematologic Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:468-475. [PMID: 29392283 PMCID: PMC5885167 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pathogen reduction of platelet concentrates may reduce transfusion-transmitted infections but is associated with qualitative impairment, which could have clinical significance with regard to platelet hemostatic capacity. OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of platelets in additive solution treated with amotosalen-UV-A vs untreated platelets in plasma or in additive solution in patients with thrombocytopenia and hematologic malignancies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Evaluation of the Efficacy of Platelets Treated With Pathogen Reduction Process (EFFIPAP) study was a randomized, noninferiority, 3-arm clinical trial performed from May 16, 2013, through January 21, 2016, at 13 French tertiary university hospitals. Clinical signs of bleeding were assessed daily until the end of aplasia, transfer to another department, need for a specific platelet product, or 30 days after enrollment. Consecutive adult patients with bone marrow aplasia, expected hospital stay of more than 10 days, and expected need of platelet transfusions were included. INTERVENTIONS At least 1 transfusion of platelets in additive solution with amotosalen-UV-A treatment, in plasma, or in additive solution. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The proportion of patients with grade 2 or higher bleeding as defined by World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS Among 790 evaluable patients (mean [SD] age, 55 [13.4] years; 458 men [58.0%]), the primary end point was observed in 126 receiving pathogen-reduced platelets in additive solution (47.9%; 95% CI, 41.9%-54.0%), 114 receiving platelets in plasma (43.5%; 95% CI, 37.5%-49.5%), and 120 receiving platelets in additive solution (45.3%; 95% CI, 39.3%-51.3%). With a per-protocol population with a prespecified margin of 12.5%, noninferiority was not achieved when pathogen-reduced platelets in additive solution were compared with platelets in plasma (4.4%; 95% CI, -4.1% to 12.9%) but was achieved when the pathogen-reduced platelets were compared with platelets in additive solution (2.6%; 95% CI, -5.9% to 11.1%). The proportion of patients with grade 3 or 4 bleeding was not different among treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the hemostatic efficacy of pathogen-reduced platelets in thrombopenic patients with hematologic malignancies was noninferior to platelets in additive solution, such noninferiority was not achieved when comparing pathogen-reduced platelets with platelets in plasma. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01789762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Garban
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité–Institut Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble 38000, Grenoble, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Guyard
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1406–Innovation Technologique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Grenoble, France
- Service de Biostatistiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Labussière
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claude-Eric Bulabois
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité–Institut Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble 38000, Grenoble, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Tony Marchand
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Christiane Mounier
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Bay
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Coiteux
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aline Schmidt-Tanguy
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Le Niger
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christine Robin
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Patrick Ladaique
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Simona Lapusan
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Deconinck
- Service d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Carole Rolland
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité–Institut Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alison M. Foote
- Cellule Publication, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne François
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Chantal Jacquot
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - René Tardivel
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
- Unité mixte de recherche 1098, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université de Franche-Comté, Etablissement Français du Sang, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité–Institut Mathématiques Appliquées de Grenoble 38000, Grenoble, France
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1406–Innovation Technologique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Grenoble, France
- Service de Biostatistiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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18
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Current status of blood 'pharming': megakaryoctye transfusions as a source of platelets. Curr Opin Hematol 2018; 24:565-571. [PMID: 28985194 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Donor-derived platelets have proven to be of hemostatic value in many clinical settings. There is a fear that the need for platelets may outgrow the donor pool in first-world countries. Moreover, there are other challenges with donor platelets that add to the impetus to find an alternative platelet source, especially after the megakaryocyte cytokine thrombopoietin was identified. Megakaryocytes have since been differentiated from numerous cell sources and the observed released platelet-like particles (PLPs) have led to calls to develop such products for clinical use. The development of megakaryocytes from embryonic stem cell also supported the concept of developing nondonor-based platelets. RECENT FINDINGS Several groups have claimed that nondonor-based platelets derived from in-vitro grown megakaryocytes may soon become available to supplement or replace donor-derived products, but their number and quality has been wanting. A possible alternative of directly infusing megakaryocytes that release platelets in the lungs - similar to that recently shown for endogenous megakaryocytes - has been proposed. SUMMARY This present review will describe the present state-of-the-art in generating and delivering nondonor-derived platelets. Progress has been slow, but advances in our ability to generate human megakaryocytes in culture, generate PLPs from these cells, and test the functionality of the resultant platelets in vitro and in vivo have identified important remaining challenges and raised alternative potential solutions.
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19
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Waters L, Cameron M, Padula MP, Marks DC, Johnson L. Refrigeration, cryopreservation and pathogen inactivation: an updated perspective on platelet storage conditions. Vox Sang 2018; 113:317-328. [PMID: 29441601 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional storage of platelet concentrates limits their shelf life to between 5 and 7 days due to the risk of bacterial proliferation and the development of the platelet storage lesion. Cold storage and cryopreservation of platelets may facilitate extension of the shelf life to weeks and years, and may also provide the benefit of being more haemostatically effective than conventionally stored platelets. Further, treatment of platelet concentrates with pathogen inactivation systems reduces bacterial contamination and provides a safeguard against the risk of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. While each of these alternative storage techniques is gaining traction individually, little work has been done to examine the effect of combining treatments in an effort to further improve product safety and minimize wastage. This review aims to discuss the benefits of alternative storage techniques and how they may be combined to alleviate the problems associated with conventional platelet storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Waters
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Cameron
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M P Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D C Marks
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
| | - L Johnson
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Alexandria, NSW, Australia
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20
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Marks DC, Johnson L, Reade MC. A clinical trial of frozen platelets: rationale, protocol and pilot analysis plan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Marks
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - L. Johnson
- Research and Development; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - M. C. Reade
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
- Joint Health Command; Australian Defence Force; Canberra ACT Australia
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21
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Chetouane Y, Dubourg G, Gallian P, Flaudrops C, Chiaroni J, Chabrière E, Raoult D, Camoin-Jau L. Rapid identification of microorganisms from platelet concentrates by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry after short-term incubation on liquid medium. Transfusion 2017; 58:766-773. [PMID: 29193200 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets (PLTs) are especially affected by the risk of bacterial contamination. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) is an accurate method for the routine identification of bacterial isolates in microbiology laboratories. We directly applied the MALDI-TOF method to bacterial detection in PLTs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and speed of a direct MALDI-TOF approach compared to the conventional method BACTEC. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Eight bacteria associated with PLT contamination, cited by the ISBT on transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases, were spiked into PLTs for a final concentration of approximately 100 CFU/bag (n = 5 for each strain). The PLTs were then agitated for 24 hours. One milliliter of PLTs was incubated in a shaker incubator for 8 hours at 37°C with 1 mL of trypticase soy broth (TSB). The spectra were analyzed using the MALDI Biotyper software. As a control, 8 mL of PLTs incubated into BACTEC bottles and a positive bottle were subcultured to ensure identification of bacterial growth. RESULTS Regardless of the strain of PLTs tested, MALDI-TOF analysis made detection and early identification possible at 8 hours. Analysis by BACTEC of PLTs infected with Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Providencia stuartii made early identification possible. For the remaining bacteria, the detection time by BACTEC was significantly longer than 8 hours. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the possibility of detecting bacteria in PLTs using a standardized culture step in TSB with MALDI-TOF, regardless of the strain, with the same specificity and analytical sensitivity and with a time to results of 12 hours. This direct method presented rapid and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Chetouane
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Gregory Dubourg
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christophe Flaudrops
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée and Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, ADES UMR 7268, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Marseille.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
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22
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Kreuger AL, Rostgaard K, Middelburg RA, Kerkhoffs JLH, Edgren G, Erikstrup C, Pedersen OB, Titlestad K, Nielsen KR, Ostrowski SR, Voldstedlund M, van der Bom JG, Ullum H, Hjalgrim H. Storage time of platelet concentrates and risk of a positive blood culture: a nationwide cohort study. Transfusion 2017; 58:16-24. [PMID: 29168187 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections has been the major hurdle to extend shelf life of platelet (PLT) concentrates. We aimed to investigate the association between storage time and risk of positive blood cultures at different times after transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a nationwide cohort study among PLT transfusion recipients in Denmark between 2010 and 2012, as recorded in the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT2) database. Linking with a nationwide database on blood cultures (MiBa), we compared the incidence of a positive blood culture among recipients of PLTs stored 6 to 7 days (old) to those receiving fresh PLTs (1-5 days), using Poisson regression models. We considered cumulative exposures in windows of 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. RESULTS A total of 9776 patients received 66,101 PLT transfusions. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of a positive blood culture the day after transfusion of at least one old PLT concentrate was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54-1.09) compared to transfusion of fresh PLT concentrates. The incidence rate of a positive blood culture was lower the day after receiving one old compared to one fresh PLT concentrate (IRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.87). Three, 5, or 7 days after transfusion, storage time was not associated with the risk of a positive blood culture. CONCLUSION Storage of buffy coat-derived PLT concentrates in PAS-C up to 7 days seems safe regarding the risk of a positive blood culture. If anything, transfusion of a single old PLT concentrate may decrease this risk the following day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aukje L Kreuger
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Rostgaard
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rutger A Middelburg
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis H Kerkhoffs
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Haga Hospital, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Gustav Edgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Naestved Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Kjell Titlestad
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaspar R Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, the Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Voldstedlund
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, the Blood Bank, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Árnason NÁ, Sigurjónsson ÓE. New strategies to understand platelet storage lesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Á. Árnason
- The Blood Bank Landspitali; The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Ó. E. Sigurjónsson
- The Blood Bank Landspitali; The National University Hospital of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering; Reykjavik University; Reykjavik Iceland
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24
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Chetouane Y, Dubourg G, Gallian P, Delerce J, Levasseur A, Flaudrops C, Chabrière E, Chiaroni J, Raoult D, Camoin-Jau L. In vitro detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a preliminary study. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1523-1530. [PMID: 28984240 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Platelet concentrates are at risk of transfusion-related sepsis. The microbial detection methods currently available have reached their limits, as they do not completely prevent transfusion-related bacterial contamination.The aim of this study was to develop a new strategy to detect the risk of platelet transfusion-related bacterial contamination using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). METHODOLOGY In vitro, platelet concentrates were seeded with known concentrations of bacterial strains. Protein mass profiles were acquired by using a Microflex MALDI-TOF instrument. Dedicated 'Platelet' software was used as a spectrum subtraction tool to reveal specific peaks caused by the presence of pathogens in samples. RESULTS The MALDI-TOF spectra of platelets were characterized and the reproducibility over time, regardless of the blood donor, was demonstrated with a positive predictive value of 100 %. In addition, the negative predictive value of the total number of specific peaks to predict contamination was 100 %. CONCLUSION Detecting bacteria in platelet concentrates using the MALDI-TOF approach and analysing spectra with the Platelet software present the advantage of combining the precocity of results and sufficient sensitivity (10 c.f.u. ml-1). Further research will be conducted to compare this novel method with the current conventional method in order to validate our results, the objective being to reduce the risk of platelet transfusion-related bacterial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Chetouane
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Gregory Dubourg
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), La Plaine Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jeremy Delerce
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Levasseur
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Flaudrops
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), La Plaine Saint-Denis, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES UMR 7268, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Camoin-Jau
- AP-HM, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine, CNRS UMR 7278, IRD 198, Marseille, France
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25
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Thyer J, Perkowska-Guse Z, Ismay SL, Keller AJ, Chan HT, Dennington PM, Bell B, Kotsiou G, Pink JM. Bacterial testing of platelets - has it prevented transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections in Australia? Vox Sang 2017; 113:13-20. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Thyer
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - S. L. Ismay
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - A. J. Keller
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - H. T. Chan
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | | | - B. Bell
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - G. Kotsiou
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
| | - J. M. Pink
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Vic Australia
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26
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Benjamin RJ, Braschler T, Weingand T, Corash LM. Hemovigilance monitoring of platelet septic reactions with effective bacterial protection systems. Transfusion 2017; 57:2946-2957. [PMID: 28840603 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed, large-volume bacterial culture and amotosalen/ultraviolet-A light pathogen reduction are effective at reducing the risk of bacterial proliferation in platelet concentrates (PCs). Hemovigilance programs continue to receive reports of suspected septic transfusion reactions, most with low imputability. Here, we compile national hemovigilance data to determine the relative efficacy of these interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Annual reports from the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Belgium were reviewed between 2005 and 2016 to assess the risk of bacterial contamination and septic reactions. RESULTS Approximately 1.65 million delayed, large-volume bacterial culture-screened PCs in the United Kingdom and 2.3 million amotosalen/ultraviolet-A-treated PCs worldwide were issued with no reported septic fatalities. One definite, one possible, and 12 undetermined/indeterminate septic reactions and eight contaminated "near misses" were reported with delayed, large-volume bacterial cultures between 2011 and 2016, for a lower false-negative culture rate than that in the previous 5 years (5.4 vs. 16.3 per million: odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-6.5). Together, the Belgian, Swiss, and French hemovigilance programs documented zero probable or definite/certain septic reactions with 609,290 amotosalen/ultraviolet-A-treated PCs (<1.6 per million). The rates were significantly lower than those reported with concurrently transfused, nonpathogen-reduced PCs in Belgium (<4.4 vs. 35.6 per million: odds ratio, 8.1; 95% confidence interval,1.1-353.3) and with historic septic reaction rates in Switzerland (<6.0 vs. 82.9 per million: odds ratio, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-589.2), and the rates tended to be lower than those from concurrently transfused, nonpathogen-reduced PCs in France (<4.7 vs. 19.0 per million: odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-164.3). CONCLUSION Pathogen reduction and bacterial culture both reduced the incidence of septic reactions, although under-reporting and strict imputability criteria resulted in an underestimation of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina Weingand
- Blutspendedienst Zentralschweiz SRK, Luzern, Switzerland
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27
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Kreuger AL, Middelburg RA, Bank CM, Beckers EA, van Gammeren AJ, Leyte A, Rondeel JM, de Vooght KM, Weerkamp F, Zwaginga JJ, Kerkhoffs JLH, van der Bom JG. Storage time of platelet concentrates and all-cause bacteremia in hematologic patients. Transfusion 2017; 57:2096-2103. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aukje L. Kreuger
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Middelburg
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Anja Leyte
- OLVG Hospital; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Jean Louis H. Kerkhoffs
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden
- Haga Hospital; Den Haag the Netherlands
| | - Johanna G. van der Bom
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research; Sanquin Research; Leiden
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
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28
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Ramirez-Arcos S, DiFranco C, McIntyre T, Goldman M. Residual risk of bacterial contamination of platelets: six years of experience with sterility testing. Transfusion 2017; 57:2174-2181. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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29
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Kiely P, Gambhir M, Cheng AC, McQuilten ZK, Seed CR, Wood EM. Emerging Infectious Diseases and Blood Safety: Modeling the Transfusion-Transmission Risk. Transfus Med Rev 2017; 31:154-164. [PMID: 28545882 PMCID: PMC7126009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While the transfusion-transmission (TT) risk associated with the major transfusion-relevant viruses such as HIV is now very low, during the last 20 years there has been a growing awareness of the threat to blood safety from emerging infectious diseases, a number of which are known to be, or are potentially, transfusion transmissible. Two published models for estimating the transfusion-transmission risk from EIDs, referred to as the Biggerstaff-Petersen model and the European Upfront Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT), respectively, have been applied to several EIDs in outbreak situations. We describe and compare the methodological principles of both models, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also discuss the appropriateness of comparing results from the two models. Quantitating the TT risk of EIDs can inform decisions about risk mitigation strategies and their cost-effectiveness. Finally, we present a qualitative risk assessment for Zika virus (ZIKV), an EID agent that has caused several outbreaks since 2007. In the latest and largest ever outbreak, several probable cases of transfusion-transmission ZIKV have been reported, indicating that it is transfusion-transmissible and therefore a risk to blood safety. We discuss why quantitative modeling the TT risk of ZIKV is currently problematic. During the last 20 years there has been a growing awareness of the threat to blood safety from emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), a number of which are known to be, or are potentially, transfusion-transmissible. The transfusion-transmission risk of EID agents can be estimated by risk modeling which can form an important part of risk assessments and inform decisions regarding risk mitigation strategies. We describe and compare the methodological principles of two published risk models for estimating the transfusion transmission risk of EIDs. We use Zika virus as a case study to demonstrate that reliable risk modeling for EID agents can be problematic due to the uncertainty of the input parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kiely
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Manoj Gambhir
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Australia
| | - Zoe K McQuilten
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Clive R Seed
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica M Wood
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Taha M, Culibrk B, Kalab M, Schubert P, Yi QL, Goodrich R, Ramirez-Arcos S. Efficiency of riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment against high levels of biofilm-derived Staphylococcus epidermidis in buffy coat platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2017; 112:408-416. [PMID: 28378343 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus epidermidis forms surface-attached aggregates (biofilms) in platelet concentrates (PCs), which are linked to missed detection during PC screening. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of riboflavin-UV treatment to inactivate S. epidermidis biofilms in buffy coat (BC) PCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilm and non-biofilm cells from S. epidermidis ST-10002 and S. epidermidis AZ-66 were individually inoculated into whole blood (WB) units (~106 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml) (N = 4-5). One spiked and three unspiked WB units were processed to produce a BC-PC pool. Riboflavin was added to the pool which was then split into two bags: one for UV treatment and the second was untreated. Bacterial counts were determined before and after treatment. In vitro PC quality was assessed by flow cytometry and dynamic light scattering. RESULTS Bacterial counts were reduced during BC-PC production from ~106 CFU/ml in WB to 103 -104 CFU/ml in PCs (P < 0·0001). Riboflavin-UV treatment resulted in significantly higher reduction of S. epidermidis AZ-66 than strain ST-10002 (≥3·5 log reduction and 2·6-2·8 log reduction, respectively, P < 0·0001). Remaining bacteria post-treatment were able to proliferate in PCs. No differences in S. epidermidis inactivation were observed in PCs produced from WB inoculated with biofilm or non-biofilm cells (P > 0·05). Platelet activation was enhanced in PCs produced with WB inoculated with biofilms compared to non-biofilm cells (P < 0·05). CONCLUSION Riboflavin-UV treatment was similarly efficacious in PCs produced from WB inoculated with S. epidermidis biofilm or non-biofilm cells. Levels of biofilm-derived S. epidermidis ≥103 CFU/ml were not completely inactivated; however, further testing is necessary with lower (real-life) bacterial levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taha
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B Culibrk
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Kalab
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Schubert
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Q-L Yi
- Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Goodrich
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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31
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Berzuini A, Spreafico M, Prati D. One size doesn't fit all: Should we reconsider the introduction of cold-stored platelets in blood bank inventories? F1000Res 2017; 6:95. [PMID: 28184297 PMCID: PMC5288671 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10363.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet concentrates are universally prepared with a standard method and stored for 5 days at room temperature (20–24°C) in gentle agitation. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the possibility of storing platelet concentrates below the standard temperatures. In fact, cold platelets might be more effective in bleeding patients and have a lower risk of bacterial transmission. Inventories including platelets at different temperatures may favour patient-centred strategies for prophylactic or therapeutic transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Berzuini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) di Lecco, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Marta Spreafico
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) di Lecco, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) di Lecco, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
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32
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Kreuger AL, Middelburg RA, Kerkhoffs JLH, Schipperus MR, Wiersum-Osselton JC, van der Bom JG. Storage medium of platelet transfusions and the risk of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections. Transfusion 2017; 57:657-660. [PMID: 28144957 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) are among the most concerning risks of transfusion of platelet (PLT) concentrates. Storage medium influences bacterial growth dynamics and thereby the sensitivity of screening tests for bacterial contamination. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The aim of this study was to quantify the association of storage media with the incidence of TTBIs after transfusion of PLT concentrates. In the Netherlands, the choice of storage medium is determined solely by geographic location of the hospital. We compared types of storage medium of all reported cases of TTBIs after transfusion of a PLT concentrate with types of storage medium of all produced PLT concentrates in the Netherlands from 2003 to 2014. RESULTS Fourteen cases of TTBIs were reported, of which 57.1% received a PLT concentrate stored in PLT additive solution (PAS) and 42.9% a PLT concentrate stored in plasma. Of all produced PLT concentrates 22.3% were stored in PAS and 77.7% in plasma. The relative risk of TTBI after transfusion of a PAS-stored PLT concentrate was 4.63 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-16.2) compared to transfusion of a plasma-stored PLT concentrate. The incidence of TTBIs was 22.2 per million (95% CI, 12.1-37.2 per million) transfused buffy coat PLT concentrates. CONCLUSION Transfusion of PAS-stored PLT concentrates is associated with a fourfold increased incidence of TTBIs, compared to plasma-stored PLT concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aukje L Kreuger
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Middelburg
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis H Kerkhoffs
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Haga Hospital, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Martin R Schipperus
- Haga Hospital, Den Haag, the Netherlands.,TRIP, Transfusion and Transplantation Reactions in Patients, Dutch National Hemovigilance Office, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Wiersum-Osselton
- TRIP, Transfusion and Transplantation Reactions in Patients, Dutch National Hemovigilance Office, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Acker JP, Marks DC, Sheffield WP. Quality Assessment of Established and Emerging Blood Components for Transfusion. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2016; 2016:4860284. [PMID: 28070448 PMCID: PMC5192317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4860284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood is donated either as whole blood, with subsequent component processing, or through the use of apheresis devices that extract one or more components and return the rest of the donation to the donor. Blood component therapy supplanted whole blood transfusion in industrialized countries in the middle of the twentieth century and remains the standard of care for the majority of patients receiving a transfusion. Traditionally, blood has been processed into three main blood products: red blood cell concentrates; platelet concentrates; and transfusable plasma. Ensuring that these products are of high quality and that they deliver their intended benefits to patients throughout their shelf-life is a complex task. Further complexity has been added with the development of products stored under nonstandard conditions or subjected to additional manufacturing steps (e.g., cryopreserved platelets, irradiated red cells, and lyophilized plasma). Here we review established and emerging methodologies for assessing blood product quality and address controversies and uncertainties in this thriving and active field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Hadjesfandiari N, Schubert P, Fallah Toosi S, Chen Z, Culibrk B, Ramirez-Arcos S, Devine DV, Brooks DE. Effect of texture of platelet bags on bacterial and platelet adhesion. Transfusion 2016; 56:2808-2818. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hadjesfandiari
- Department of Chemistry; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia
| | - Salma Fallah Toosi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
| | - Brankica Culibrk
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
| | | | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia
| | - Donald E. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia
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Kozakai M, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto C, Uchida S, Nagai T, Satake M, Tadokoro K. First report of the isolation ofLactococcus garvieaefrom a platelet concentrate in Japan. Transfusion 2016; 56:2602-2606. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moe Kozakai
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Chieko Matsumoto
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigeharu Uchida
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Nagai
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Tadokoro
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters; Japanese Red Cross Society and Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society; Tokyo Japan
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Hume HA, Ddungu H, Angom R, Baluku H, Kajumbula H, Kyeyune-Byabazaire D, Orem J, Ramirez-Arcos S, Tobian AA. Platelet transfusion therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: bacterial contamination, recipient characteristics, and acute transfusion reactions. Transfusion 2016; 56:1951-9. [PMID: 27079627 PMCID: PMC5518785 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little data are available on bacterial contamination (BC) of platelet units or acute transfusion reactions to platelet transfusions (PTs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective, observational study evaluated the rate of BC in whole blood-derived platelet units (WB-PUs), the utility of performing Gram stains to prevent septic reactions, characteristics of patients receiving PTs, and the rate of acute reactions associated with PTs at the Uganda Cancer Institute in Kampala, Uganda. An aliquot of each WB-PU studied was taken to perform Gram stains and culture using the Bactec 9120 instrument. Study participants were monitored for reactions. RESULTS In total, 337 WB-PUs were evaluated for BC, of which 323 units were transfused in 151 transfusion episodes to 50 patients. The frequency of BC ranged from 0.3% to 2.1% (according to criteria used to define BC). The Gram stain had high specificity (99.1%) but low sensitivity to detect units with BC. The median platelet count before PT was 10,900 cells/µL (interquartile range, 6000-18,900 cells/µL). Overall, 78% of PTs were given to patients with no bleeding. Acute reactions occurred in 11 transfusion episodes, involving 13 WB-PUs, for a rate of 7.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.7%-12.7%) per transfusion episode. All recipients of units with positive bacterial cultures were receiving antibiotics at the time of transfusion; none experienced a reaction. CONCLUSIONS The rate of BC observed in this study is lower than previously reported in SSA, but still remains a safety issue. Because Gram staining appears to be an ineffective screening tool, alternate methods should be explored to prevent transfusing bacterially contaminated platelets in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Hume
- CHU Ste Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Henry Kajumbula
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Abstract
Platelet transfusions continue to be the mainstay to treat patients with quantitative and qualitative platelet disorders. Each year, about 10 millions of platelet transfusions are administered to patients worldwide with marked differences in usage between regions depending on socioeconomic development of the countries. Unfortunately, its use is associated to immune and non-immune side effects. Among the non-immune, bacterial contamination is still the major infectious risk. When bacterial culture methods are introduced for preventing bacterial septic reactions it has been found that this strategy reduce to one half the septic reactions, but do not eliminate completely that risk. To remove completely the risk, a new bacteria detection test at the time of issuance in the case of platelets stored for four or five days would be needed. Pathogen inactivation (PI) methods already in the market (based in the addition of amotosalen (A-L) or riboflavin (R-L) and the illumination with ultraviolet light) or under development (ultraviolet light C and agitation) have shown to be efficacious in the inactivation of bacteria and no cases of septic reactions associated to a pathogen-reduced product has been identified. However, it has been shown that PI technologies have measurable effects on platelet in vitro parameters and reduce the recovery and survival of treated platelets in vivo. Although these effects do not hamper the hemostatic capacity of treated platelets, an increased usage associated with PI technologies has been reported. This increase in utilization seems to be the toll to be paid if we want to completely eliminate the risk of bacterial sepsis in the recipients of platelet transfusion.
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Abe H, Shiba M, Niibe Y, Tadokoro K, Satake M. Reduction of bacteria and human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 infectivity of platelet suspension in plasma using xenon flash-pulse light in a bench-scale trial. Transfusion 2016; 56:2256-66. [PMID: 27282889 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current pathogen reduction systems for platelet concentrates (PCs) require addition of chemical compounds and/or reduction of plasma content in PCs. We have investigated a new method using xenon (Xe) flash-pulse light without additional compounds or plasma replacement. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An aliquot of apheresis platelets (PLTs) in plasma inoculated with bacteria or human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) was irradiated with Xe flash-pulse light (Xe flash phototreatment). Bacterial growth was monitored up to 6 days of storage, whereas HIV-1 infectivity was assayed just after treatment. Pairs of Xe flash-phototreated and untreated PCs were examined for PLT lesion during the storage period. RESULTS Under the current conditions, a low titer (1.8 colony-forming units [CFUs]/mL) of Staphylococcus aureus did not proliferate during the 6-day storage period, but grew in some cases at high-titer (24.0 CFUs/mL) inoculation. HIV-1 infectivity was reduced by 1.8 log. PLT recovery of the treated PCs was lower than untreated ones. An increase of mean PLT volume and glucose consumption, together with a decrease of hypotonic shock response and pH, were enhanced by the treatment. CD62P- and PAC-1-positive PLTs increased after the treatment, indicating the induction of PLT activation. Among biologic response modifiers, soluble CD40 ligand was significantly increased in the treated PCs on Day 6. CONCLUSIONS Xe flash phototreatment could prevent bacterial proliferation and reduce HIV-1 infectivity in 100% plasma PCs without any additional compounds, but enhanced PLT storage lesions. Further improvement is required to increase the potency of pathogen inactivation with reducing PLT damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Abe
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shiba
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Tadokoro
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Satake
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
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Walsh GM, Shih AW, Solh Z, Golder M, Schubert P, Fearon M, Sheffield WP. Blood-Borne Pathogens: A Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Symposium. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:53-68. [PMID: 26962008 PMCID: PMC7126603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Testing donations for pathogens and deferring selected blood donors have reduced the risk of transmission of known pathogens by transfusion to extremely low levels in most developed countries. Protecting the blood supply from emerging infectious threats remains a serious concern in the transfusion medicine community. Transfusion services can employ indirect measures such as surveillance, hemovigilance, and donor questioning (defense), protein-, or nucleic acid based direct testing (detection), or pathogen inactivation of blood products (destruction) as strategies to mitigate the risk of transmission-transmitted infection. In the North American context, emerging threats currently include dengue, chikungunya, and hepatitis E viruses, and Babesia protozoan parasites. The 2003 SARS and 2014 Ebola outbreaks illustrate the potential of epidemics unlikely to be transmitted by blood transfusion but disruptive to blood systems. Donor-free blood products such as ex vivo generated red blood cells offer a theoretical way to avoid transmission-transmitted infection risk, although biological, engineering, and manufacturing challenges must be overcome before this approach becomes practical. Similarly, next generation sequencing of all nucleic acid in a blood sample is currently possible but impractical for generalized screening. Pathogen inactivation systems are in use in different jurisdictions around the world, and are starting to gain regulatory approval in North America. Cost concerns make it likely that pathogen inactivation will be contemplated by blood operators through the lens of health economics and risk-based decision making, rather than in zero-risk paradigms previously embraced for transfusable products. Defense of the blood supply from infectious disease risk will continue to require innovative combinations of surveillance, detection, and pathogen avoidance or inactivation. A symposium on blood-borne pathogens was held September 26, 2015, in Toronto, Canada. Transmission-transmitted infections remain a threat to the blood supply. The residual risk from established pathogens is small; emerging agents are a concern. Next generation sequencing and donor-free blood are not yet practical approaches. Pathogen inactivation technology is being increasingly used around the world. Health economic concerns will likely guide future advances in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M Walsh
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew W Shih
- Medical Services and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ziad Solh
- Medical Services and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mia Golder
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret Fearon
- Medical Services and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - William P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, Ottawa, and Vancouver, Canada; Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Ypma PF, van der Meer PF, Heddle NM, van Hilten JA, Stijnen T, Middelburg RA, Hervig T, van der Bom JG, Brand A, Kerkhoffs JLH. A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating clinical effects of platelet transfusion products: the Pathogen Reduction Evaluation and Predictive Analytical Rating Score (PREPAReS) trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010156. [PMID: 26817642 PMCID: PMC4735127 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopaenia frequently experience minor and sometimes severe bleeding complications. Unrestrictive availability of safe and effective blood products is presumed by treating physicians as well as patients. Pathogen reduction technology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance safety by reducing bacterial and viral contamination of platelet products along with a potential reduction of alloimmunisation in patients receiving multiple platelet transfusions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To test efficacy, a randomised, single-blinded, multicentre controlled trial was designed to evaluate clinical non-inferiority of pathogen-reduced platelet concentrates treated by the Mirasol system, compared with standard plasma-stored platelet concentrates using the percentage of patients with WHO grade ≥ 2 bleeding complications as the primary endpoint. The upper limit of the 95% CI of the non-inferiority margin was chosen to be a ≤ 12.5% increase in this percentage. Bleeding symptoms are actively monitored on a daily basis. The adjudication of the bleeding grade is performed by 3 adjudicators, blinded to the platelet product randomisation as well as by an automated computer algorithm. Interim analyses evaluating bleeding complications as well as serious adverse events are performed after each batch of 60 patients. The study started in 2010 and patients will be enrolled up to a maximum of 618 patients, depending on the results of consecutive interim analyses. A flexible stopping rule was designed allowing stopping for non-inferiority or futility. Besides analysing effects of pathogen reduction on clinical efficacy, the Pathogen Reduction Evaluation and Predictive Analytical Rating Score (PREPAReS) is designed to answer several other pending questions and translational issues related to bleeding and alloimmunisation, formulated as secondary and tertiary endpoints. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained in all 3 participating countries. Results of the main trial and each of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR2106; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula F Ypma
- Department of Hematology, HAGA Teaching Hospital Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nancy M Heddle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, Canadian Blood Services, McMaster University, and Centre for Innovation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joost A van Hilten
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Stijnen
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Middelburg
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tor Hervig
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Clinical Science, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johanna G van der Bom
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Brand
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Louis H Kerkhoffs
- Department of Hematology, HAGA Teaching Hospital Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Improving platelet transfusion safety: biomedical and technical considerations. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2015; 14:109-22. [PMID: 26674828 DOI: 10.2450/2015.0042-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet concentrates account for near 10% of all labile blood components but are responsible for more than 25% of the reported adverse events. Besides factors related to patients themselves, who may be particularly at risk of side effects because of their underlying illness, there are aspects of platelet collection and storage that predispose to adverse events. Platelets for transfusion are strongly activated by collection through disposal equipment, which can stress the cells, and by preservation at 22 °C with rotation or rocking, which likewise leads to platelet activation, perhaps more so than storage at 4 °C. Lastly, platelets constitutively possess a very large number of bioactive components that may elicit pro-inflammatory reactions when infused into a patient. This review aims to describe approaches that may be crucial to minimising side effects while optimising safety and quality. We suggest that platelet transfusion is complex, in part because of the complexity of the "material" itself: platelets are highly versatile cells and the transfusion process adds a myriad of variables that present many challenges for preserving basal platelet function and preventing dysfunctional activation of the platelets. The review also presents information showing--after years of exhaustive haemovigilance--that whole blood buffy coat pooled platelet components are extremely safe compared to the gold standard (i.e. apheresis platelet components), both in terms of acquired infections and of immunological/inflammatory hazards.
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Garraud O, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Laradi S, Pozzetto B, Cognasse F. Transfusion et inflammation : hier – aujourd’hui – demain. Transfus Clin Biol 2015; 22:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Agapova M, Lachert E, Brojer E, Letowska M, Grabarczyk P, Custer B. Introducing Pathogen Reduction Technology in Poland: A Cost-Utility Analysis. Transfus Med Hemother 2015; 42:158-65. [PMID: 26195929 PMCID: PMC4483292 DOI: 10.1159/000371664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mirasol® pathogen reduction technology (PRT) uses UV light and riboflavin to chemically inactivate pathogens and white blood cells in blood components. In the EU, Mirasol PRT is CE-marked for both plasma and platelet treatment. In Poland, the decision to introduce PRT treatment of the national supply of fresh frozen plasma has spurred interest in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of this strategy. METHODS A decision-analytic model evaluated the incremental costs and benefits of introducing PRT to the existing blood safety protocols in Poland. RESULTS Addition of PRT treatment of plasma to current screening in Poland is estimated to cost 2.595 million PLN per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) (610,000 EUR/QALY); treating both plasma and platelet components in addition to current safety interventions had a lower cost of 1.480 million PLN/QALY (348,000 EUR/QALY). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that in Poland the cost per QALY of PRT is high albeit lower than found in previous economic analyses of PRT and nucleic acid testing in North America. Treating both platelets and plasma components is more cost-effective than treating plasma alone. Wide confidence intervals indicate high uncertainty; to improve the precision of the health economic evaluation of PRT, additional hemovigilance data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Agapova
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elzbieta Lachert
- Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brojer
- Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian Custer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Harm SK, Delaney M, Aubuchon JP, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. Letter on Bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates. Vox Sang 2014; 107:312. [PMID: 25040131 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Harm
- Department of Pathology, The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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