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Zhu Z, Sun S, Jiang T, Zhang L, Chen M, Chen S. A double-edged sword of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles in tissues, injury or repair: The current research overview. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102066. [PMID: 36924675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular bodies with a double-layered membrane structure that are detached from the cell membrane or secreted by the cells. EVs secreted by platelets account for the main part in the blood circulation, which account for about 30% or even more. Many types of cells are regulated by PEVs, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, smooth muscle cells, etc. Nevertheless, despite the growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, there are still only a few studies on the role of PEVs. Therefore, this overview mainly focuses on one method of isolation and the functions of PEVs in tissues found so far, including promoting tissue repair and mediating tissue damage, which can be used for researchers to continue to explore the role of PEVs in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiancheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Surgical Research Center, Institute of Urology, Southeast University Medical School, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Han S. Possible roles of platelets in liver transplantation: regeneration and cancer recurrence. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2021; 16:225-231. [PMID: 34352964 PMCID: PMC8342825 DOI: 10.17085/apm.21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
When tissue injury results in breakage, platelets are not only involved in plug formation and wound sealing, but they also play an important role throughout the tissue recovery process. Specifically, platelets accumulate at the site of injury and release a large number of biologically active mediators at injury sites, which initiate or modulate damaged tissue regeneration. Moreover, extensive experimental evidence has elucidated the involvement of platelets in tumor growth and metastasis. As such, this mini-review aimed to highlight the relatively lesser known functions of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbin Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hajji SE, Balaphas A, Toso C, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler L, Meyer J. Preoperative platelet count does not predict the occurrence of post-hepatectomy liver failure after partial hepatectomy in a retrospective monocentric cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24425. [PMID: 33578535 PMCID: PMC7886490 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, thrombocytopenic patients have increased incidence of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), but existing evidence is heterogeneous. Our objective was to determine if preoperative platelet count or antiplatelet drugs were associated with PHLF.Patients who underwent hepatic resection in the University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland, from 01.12.2009 to 18.12.2018 were identified. Platelet count at day 0, postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, and 5 were retrieved. Occurrence of PHLF according to the ISGLS definition was determined. Logistic regression was performed to determine if platelet count or antiplatelet drug were predictors for PHLF.Five hundred ninety seven patients were included. Eighty patients (17.8%) had a preoperative platelet count <150 (G/l) and 24 patients (5.3%) had a platelet count <100 (G/l). Thirty five patients (5.9%) were under antiplatelet drug. Platelet count significantly decreased at POD 1 and POD 3 when compared to preoperative platelet count (182 ± 71.61 (G/l) vs 212 ± 85.26 (G/l), P < .0001; 162 ± 68.5 (G/l) vs 212 ± 85.26 (G/l), P < .0001). At POD 5, post-operative platelet count did not significantly differ from its preoperative value. Forty three patients (11.2%) suffered from PHLF. Their platelet count was not significantly different than patients without PHLF (211 ± 89.7 (G/l) vs 211 ± 83.5 (G/l), P = .671). One patient with PHLF had a platelet count <100 (G/l) and 5 had a count <150 (G/l). Univariate logistic regression did not identify preoperative thrombocytopenia (<100 (G/l) or <150 (G/l)), postoperative thrombocytopenia, or the presence of antiagregant drug, as predictors of PHLF. We did not identify preoperative or postoperative thrombocytopenia as predictor of PHLF in a cohort of 597 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia El Hajji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Genève 14
| | - Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Genève 14
- Unit for Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Genève
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Genève 14
- Unit for Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Genève
| | | | - Léo Bühler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Genève 14
- Unit for Surgical Research, Medical School, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, Genève
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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Perozzo R, Zeisser-Labouebe M, Berndt S, Turzi A, Fontana P, Scapozza L, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH. Platelet Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Induces Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells to Secrete Interleukin-6. Cells 2020; 9:E1311. [PMID: 32466100 PMCID: PMC7290849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles and interactions of platelets and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver regeneration are unclear, and the trigger that initiates hepatocyte proliferation is unknown. We aimed to identify the key factors released by activated platelets that induce liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to produce interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine implicated in the early phase of liver regeneration. We characterized the releasate of activated platelets inducing the in vitro production of IL-6 by mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and observed that the stimulating factor was a thermolabile protein. Following gel filtration, a single fraction of activated platelet releasate induced a maximal IL-6 secretion by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (90.2 ± 13.9 versus control with buffer, 9.0 ± 0.8 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Mass spectroscopy analysis of this fraction, followed by in silico processing, resulted in a reduced list of 18 candidates. Several proteins from the list were tested, and only recombinant transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) resulted in an increased IL-6 production up to 242.7 ± 30.5 pg/mL, which was comparable to non-fractionated platelet releasate effect. Using neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody or a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor, IL-6 production by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells was dramatically reduced. These results support a role of platelet TGF-β1 β1 in the priming phase of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser-Labouebe
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Berndt
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Antoine Turzi
- Regen Lab SA, En Budron b2, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.Z.-L.); (L.S.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
| | - Leo H. Bühler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.G.-G.); (L.H.B.)
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Platelet Interactions with Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Lead to Hepatocyte Proliferation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051243. [PMID: 32443494 PMCID: PMC7290338 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Platelets were postulated to constitute the trigger of liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to dissect the cellular interactions between the various liver cells involved in liver regeneration and to clarify the role of platelets. (2) Methods: Primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were co-incubated with increasing numbers of resting platelets, activated platelets, or platelet releasates. Alterations in the secretion of growth factors were measured. The active fractions of platelet releasates were characterized and their effects on hepatocyte proliferation assessed. Finally, conditioned media of LSECs exposed to platelets were added to primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and hepatocyte proliferation were measured. After partial hepatectomy in mice, platelet and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) interactions were analyzed in vivo by confocal microscopy, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and HGF levels were determined. (3) Results: Co-incubation of increasing numbers of platelets with LSECs resulted in enhanced IL-6 secretion by LSECs. The effect was mediated by the platelet releasate, notably a thermolabile soluble factor with a molecular weight over 100 kDa. The conditioned medium of LSECs exposed to platelets did not increase proliferation of primary hepatocytes when compared to LSECs alone but stimulated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion by HSCs, which led to hepatocyte proliferation. Following partial hepatectomy, in vivo adhesion of platelets to LSECs was significantly increased when compared to sham-operated mice. Clopidogrel inhibited HGF secretion after partial hepatectomy. (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicate that platelets interact with LSECs after partial hepatectomy and activate them to release a large molecule of protein nature, which constitutes the initial trigger for liver regeneration.
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Meyer J, Balaphas A, Combescure C, Morel P, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of thrombocytopenia as a predictor of post-hepatectomy liver failure. HPB (Oxford) 2019; 21:1419-1426. [PMID: 30846279 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether thrombocytopenia constituted a risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). METHODS We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception until February the 17th, 2018 for studies reporting cases of PHLF in patients with and without thrombocytopenia (defined as a platelet count below 100 or 150 (G/l)) and/or platelet counts in patients with and without PHLF. Pooled odd ratios for PHLF, as well as mean difference in platelet counts between patients with and without PHLF, were obtained by random effects models. Robustness was tested by subgroups and leave-one out sensitivity analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q-test and quantified based on I2 value. RESULTS We included 15 studies representing 3966 patients. Pooled odds ratio for PHLF in thrombocytopenic patients was 3.71 (95% CI: 2.51 to 5.48; I2 = 0%). Pooled odds ratio was 5.53 (95% CI: 2.85 to 10.48) when pooling only studies based on preoperative platelet count, and 3.13 (95% CI: 1.75 to 5.58) when pooling studies including only patients without liver cirrhosis. The pooled mean difference in platelet counts between patients with and without PHLF was -21.2 (G/l) (95% CI: -36.1 to 6.4) in disfavor of patients with PHLF. When pooling only patients with various qualities of liver tissue, the pooled mean difference was 0.6 (G/l) (95% CI: -21.1 to 22.2). CONCLUSION Preoperative and/or postoperative thrombocytopenia constitute significant risk factors for PHLF in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Léo Bühler
- Division of Digestive Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Genève, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1205, Genève, Switzerland
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Balaphas A, Meyer J, Sadoul K, Fontana P, Morel P, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler LH. Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Physiology and Disease. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:855-866. [PMID: 31304449 PMCID: PMC6601322 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in hemostasis, platelets are proposed as key mediators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver, such as liver regeneration, toxic or viral acute liver injury, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. The effects of platelets on the liver involve interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and the release of platelet‐contained molecules following platelet activation. Platelets are the major source of circulating extracellular vesicles, which are suggested to play key roles in platelet interactions with endothelial cells in several clinical disorders. In the present review, we discuss the implications of platelet‐derived extracellular vesicles in physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Balaphas
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karin Sadoul
- Regulation and Pharmacology of the Cytoskeleton, Institute for Advanced Biosciences Université Grenoble Alpes Grenoble France
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Hemostasis Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Platelet Group University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Division of Digestive Surgery Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Surgical Research Unit Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland.,Geneva Medical School University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
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