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Henze IS, Meira C, Baron Toaldo M, Nolff MC, Steblaj B. Anaesthetic management of three Maine Coon cats undergoing hybrid intervention for treatment of cor triatriatum sinister. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inken Sabine Henze
- Section of Anaesthesiology Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse Zurich Switzerland
| | - Carolina Meira
- Section of Anaesthesiology Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Section of Cardiology Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse Zurich Switzerland
| | - Mirja Christine Nolff
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse Zurich Switzerland
| | - Barbara Steblaj
- Section of Anaesthesiology Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse Zurich Switzerland
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2
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Rolph KE, Cavanaugh SM. Feline pulmonary hypertension: are we overlooking an important comorbidity? J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e636-e646. [PMID: 36350715 PMCID: PMC10812373 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221127233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a potential complication in many disease states, yet it has been largely overlooked in feline medicine. Recently, increased awareness of potential underlying causes has led to a wider understanding of the disease process in humans, with a focus on tailoring therapy to include specific treatment of the underlying etiology. Most of these treatments are not yet available in veterinary medicine, but as they move from the human to the veterinary field, it would be beneficial to better understand the forms of PH encountered in different species. Recently, diagnosis and classification of PH in dogs has been the focus of an American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement, yet this condition has received little attention in cats. It is therefore our intention to raise awareness of this condition in cats and to propose a classification system for the types of PH seen in feline patients. As new medications are developed for the treatment of PH, it is important to recognize which forms of PH are seen in feline patients and understand the etiology of the disease. There are many reports of PH (or suspected PH based on echocardiographic assessment) in cats. In this review, we highlight the large number of conditions, and different etiologies, that are associated with PH. Improving understanding of this condition will bring us closer to being able to investigate the benefits of potential new diagnostics and therapies as they become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Rolph
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334 Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
| | - Sarah M Cavanaugh
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334 Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies
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3
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Zhang Y, Gao J, Huang K, Zhao Y, Hui X, Wang T, Hu C, Sun X, Yang Y, Wu C, Chen X, Zou Z, Zhao LZ, Jin M. OUP accepted manuscript. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1568-1576. [PMID: 35639863 PMCID: PMC9047237 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated reports of new-onset diabetes in patients with COVID-19 have led researchers to hypothesise that SARS-CoV-2 infects the human exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells ex vivo and in vivo. However, existing research lacks experimental evidence indicating that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue. Here, we found that cats infected with a high dose of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited hyperglycaemia. We also detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the pancreatic tissues of these cats, and immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the islet cells. SARS-CoV-2 NP and Spike proteins were primarily detected in Glu+ cells, and most Glu+ cells expressed ACE2. Additionally, immune protection experiments conducted on cats showed that the blood glucose levels of immunised cats did not increase post-challenge. Our data indicate the cat pancreas as a SARS-CoV-2 target and suggest that the infection of Glu+ cells could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Jindong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Xianfeng Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Changmin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Zhong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Lian zong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R China
- Corresponding author E-mail:
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4
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I-Ping C, Tung H. Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease. Vet Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Four pulmonary veins come from respective lung lobes drain oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. Failure of incorporation with the left atrium can lead to a condition, called Cor triatriatum sinister, that the left atrium is separated into two chambers by an abortive fibrous tissue. The venous system of lung and whole body communicate with each other in the earlier time and they will be disconnected in the following developmental process. Total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection refers to that there is/are some degree of the communication exists after birth, which can occur in different sites. In the veterinary field, retrospective studies and several case reports have been published to describe these rare congenital cardiovascular diseases in several species. More cases are need for better understanding their clinical manifestation, treatment options and outcomes.
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5
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Saunders AB. Key considerations in the approach to congenital heart disease in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:613-623. [PMID: 34180062 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is an important subset of all cardiovascular disease in dogs and cats that is present at birth and most often detected in young animals but can be diagnosed in adulthood. The range of abnormalities that can occur during development of the heart is vast incorporating simple and complex defects, varying degrees of severity and clinical presentations that include heart failure and cyanosis. While some defects do not result in morbidity in an individual animal, others cause severe clinical signs and death at a young age. Advances in imaging and expanding treatment options offer increasingly more possibilities in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease which is the focus of this review. The objective is to provide a broad overview of current practice and highlight key aspects to guide practitioners in their approach to congenital heart disease diagnosis and knowledge of available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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6
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Castagna P, Romito G, Baron Toaldo M. Cor triatriatum sinister in a dog. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 25:25-31. [PMID: 31446292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic features of cor triatriatum sinister in an asymptomatic 6-year-old male French bulldog. Although cor triatriatum sinister represents a well-known and widely described cardiac malformation in humans, its description in the canine population is rare. In this clinical case, non-invasive echocardiographic techniques were helpful in visualizing and characterizing the lesion, allowing a valuable assessment of the malformation, and its hemodynamic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castagna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - G Romito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy.
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Goggs R, Blais MC, Brainard BM, Chan DL, deLaforcade AM, Rozanski E, Sharp CR. American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) guidelines: Small animal. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:12-36. [PMID: 30654421 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review available evidence and establish guidelines related to the risk of developing thrombosis and the management of small animals with antithrombotics. DESIGN Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature (identified by searching Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts) was carried out in 5 domains (Defining populations at risk; Defining rational therapeutic use; Defining evidence-based protocols; Refining and monitoring antithrombotic therapies; and Discontinuing antithrombotic therapies). Evidence evaluation was carried out using Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome generated within each domain questions to address specific aims. This was followed by categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor). Synthesis of these data led to the development of a series of statements. Consensus on the final guidelines was achieved via Delphi-style surveys. Draft recommendations were presented at 2 international veterinary conferences and made available for community assessment, review, and comment prior to final revisions and publication. SETTINGS Academic and referral veterinary medical centers. RESULTS Over 500 studies were reviewed in detail. Worksheets from all 5 domains generated 59 statements with 83 guideline recommendations that were refined during 3 rounds of Delphi surveys. A high degree of consensus was reached across all guideline recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Overall, systematic evidence evaluations yielded more than 80 recommendations for the treatment of small animals with or at risk of developing thrombosis. Numerous significant knowledge gaps were highlighted by the evidence reviews undertaken, indicating the need for substantial additional research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Marie-Claude Blais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Daniel L Chan
- Department Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armelle M deLaforcade
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Elizabeth Rozanski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Blais MC, Bianco D, Goggs R, Lynch AM, Palmer L, Ralph A, Sharp CR. Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE): Domain 3-Defining antithrombotic protocols. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:60-74. [PMID: 30654416 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically examine the evidence for use of a specific protocol (dose, frequency, route) of selected antithrombotic drugs, in comparisons to no therapy or to other antithrombotic therapies, to reduce the risk of complications or improve outcomes in dogs and cats at risk for thrombosis. DESIGN Standardized, systematic evaluation of the literature, categorization of relevant articles according to level of evidence (LOE) and quality (Good, Fair, or Poor), and development of consensus on conclusions via a Delphi-style survey for application of the concepts to clinical practice. SETTINGS Academic and referral veterinary medical centers. RESULTS Databases searched included Medline via PubMed and CAB abstracts. Eight different antithrombotic drugs were investigated using a standardized Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) question format both for dogs and cats, including aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, unfractionated heparin (UFH), dalteparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and rivaroxaban, generating a total of 16 worksheets. Most studies identified were experimental controlled laboratory studies in companion animals (LOE 3) with only four randomized controlled clinical trials in companion animals (LOE 1). CONCLUSIONS Overall, evidence-based recommendations concerning specific protocols could not be formulated for most antithrombotic drugs evaluated, either because of the wide range of dosage reported (eg, aspirin in dogs) or the lack of evidence in the current literature. However, clopidogrel administration in dogs and cats at risk of arterial thrombosis, notably in cats at risk of cardiogenic thromboembolism, is supported by the literature, and specific protocols were recommended. Comparably, aspirin should not be used as a sole antithrombotic in cats with cardiomyopathy. Using the available safety profile information contained in the literature, the panel reached consensus on suggested dosage schemes for most antithrombotics. Significant knowledge gaps were highlighted, which will hopefully drive novel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Blais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Domenico Bianco
- Internal Medicine Department, Metropolitan Animal Specialty Hospital, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Alex M Lynch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Lee Palmer
- Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve, Veterinary Corps, Chair K9 Tactical Emergency Casualty Care Working Group, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Claire R Sharp
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
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Vezzosi T, Schober KE. Doppler-derived echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension in cats with left-sided congestive heart failure. J Vet Cardiol 2019; 23:58-68. [PMID: 31174730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by left-sided congestive heart failure (L-CHF) is common in dogs and contributes to clinical signs and outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Doppler echocardiography-derived PH in a population of cats with L-CHF. ANIMALS The study involved 131 cats with L-CHF and 56 control cats. METHODS The study design is retrospective, observational study. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity, right atrial dimension, right ventricular (RV) dimension and function, RV wall thickness, pulmonary artery (PA) dimension, Doppler-derived systolic time intervals of PA flow, and presence of septal flattening were evaluated. Pulmonary hypertension was considered if tricuspid regurgitation velocity was >2.7 m/s. RESULTS Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 57/131 (44%) of cats with L-CHF and 24/56 (43%) in control cats based on color flow Doppler. Doppler-derived of PH was identified in 22/131 cats with L-CHF (17%). In 15/22 cats, PH was associated with cardiomyopathy, in 5/22 cases with congenital heart disease, and in 2/22 cases with other causes. Cats with Doppler-derived PH more often had chronic L-CHF, as opposed to acute L-CHF (p<0.05). All cats with Doppler-derived PH had subjectively-assessed right-sided heart enlargement, with larger right atrial and RV diameters (p<0.001), increased RV wall thickness (p<0.05), and higher prevalence of septal flattening (<0.001) and PA enlargement (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary hypertension identified by Doppler echocardiography is not a common finding in cats with L-CHF. Right-sided heart enlargement, more frequently observed, may raise the suspicion of PH in cats with L-CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese, 56122, San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - K E Schober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Uemura A, Tanaka R. Hybrid Surgical Approach Using Amplatzer Occluder for Treatment of VSD in a Cat. MACEDONIAN VETERINARY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is among the most common feline congenital heart malformations. Although usually treated by pulmonary artery banding or pharmacotherapy, neither method is curative. Curative procedures have been performed in humans. Treatment of VSD is usually not required in dogs and cats, but is necessary in cases of non-restrictive VSD. Dogs with non-restrictive VSD are treated either using surgical correction under open-heart surgery, or percutaneous insertion of an occluder under interventional radiation. In our experience, neither method alone is appropriate for treating ventricular septal defect in cats with non-restrictive VSDs. We have applied a hybrid surgical method in a 13-month-old, female Maine Coon cat weighing 3.5 kg. A catheter was inserted and an occluder placed directly at the defect through thoracotomy. This method is less invasive than open-heart surgery and requires no special equipment, using direct puncture of the heart to minimize the distance to the defect and improving maneuverability. By combining the advantages of both surgical defect closure and occlusion guided by interventional ultrasound, treatment that could not be performed with either method alone became possible. In this case, the VSD could not be embolized, but some important points were suggested regarding surgical treatment of VSD in cats. One is that a sizing balloon catheter may be the most accurate method to measure VSD in cats. Amplatzer occlusion of a large non-restrictive VSD in a cat is currently not an option, but the described hybrid technique may still be an option for smaller non-restrictive VSDs. However, criteria and adjustments must be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Animal Medical Center , 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo , 183-8509 , Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Animal Medical Center , 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo , 183-8509 , Japan
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Jaffey JA, Williams KJ, Masseau I, Krueger M, Reinero C. Vasoproliferative process resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in a cat. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:72. [PMID: 28320395 PMCID: PMC5359803 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is a rare, vascular obstructive disorder that uniformly causes pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clinically, pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is indistinguishable from primary pulmonary arterial hypertension and histology is required for definitive diagnosis. The distinctive histologic feature of pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis is non-malignant extensive proliferation of capillaries in the alveolar septae. Vasodilator treatment of humans with primary arterial hypertension due to pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis can result in fatal acute pulmonary edema. Computed tomography is thus critical to discern pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis from other causes of pulmonary arterial hypertension prior to vasodilator therapy. This is the first report of a vasoproliferative process resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in the feline species. CASE PRESENTATION A 15-year-old, male castrated, domestic shorthair cat presented for persistent labored breathing presumptively due to congestive heart failure despite treatment with diuretics for 7 days. Echocardiography showed evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe pulmonary hypertension; however, a normal sized left atrium was not consistent with congestive heart failure. Thoracic computed tomography was performed and showed evidence of diffuse ill-defined nodular ground glass opacities, enlarged pulmonary arteries, and filling defects consistent with pulmonary thromboembolism. The cat acutely decompensated after a single dose of sildenafil and was euthanized. Histopathology of the lungs showed severe multifocal alveolar capillary proliferation with respiratory bronchiolar infiltration, marked type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and multifocal pulmonary arterial thrombosis. CONCLUSION This is the first description in a cat of a vasoproliferative disorder resembling pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis complicated by multifocal pulmonary arterial thrombosis. Inspiratory and expiratory ventilator-driven breath holds with angiography revealed lesions predominantly characterized by ground glass opacification and vascular filling defects with absence of air trapping. The results from this report suggest that, as in humans, the cat can develop a pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis-like disease in which vasodilator therapy to address pulmonary hypertension may lead to fatal pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jaffey
- University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K J Williams
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I Masseau
- Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - M Krueger
- Veterinary Specialty Hopsital of Hong Kong, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
| | - C Reinero
- University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
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