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Ko RF, Davidson OQC, Ahmed MA, Clark RM, Brandenburg JS, Pankratz VS, Sharma G, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER, Howdieshell TR. GPER deficiency impedes murine myocutaneous revascularization and wound healing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18400. [PMID: 39117675 PMCID: PMC11310200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Estrogens regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes, including wide-ranging effects in wound healing. The effects of estrogens are mediated through multiple estrogen receptors (ERs), including the classical nuclear ERs (ERα and ER β ), that typically regulate gene expression, and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), that predominantly mediates rapid "non-genomic" signaling. Estrogen modulates the expression of various genes involved in epidermal function and regeneration, inflammation, matrix production, and protease inhibition, all critical to wound healing. Our previous work demonstrated improved myocutaneous wound healing in female mice compared to male mice. In the current study, we employed male and female GPER knockout mice to investigate the role of this estrogen receptor in wound revascularization and tissue viability. Using a murine myocutaneous flap model of graded ischemia, we measured real-time flap perfusion via laser speckle perfusion imaging. We conducted histologic and immunohistochemical analyses to assess skin and muscle viability, microvascular density and vessel morphology. Our results demonstrate that GPER is crucial in wound healing, mediating effects that are both dependent and independent of sex. Lack of GPER expression is associated with increased skin necrosis, reduced flap perfusion and altered vessel morphology. These findings contribute to understanding GPER signaling in wound healing and suggest possible therapeutic opportunities by targeting GPER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy F Ko
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Oliver Q C Davidson
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Michael A Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ross M Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jacquelyn S Brandenburg
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Thomas R Howdieshell
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Arterburn JB, Prossnitz ER. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER: Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:295-320. [PMID: 36662583 PMCID: PMC10153636 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031122-121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways that produce and respond to estrogens. Multiple receptors promulgate these responses, including the classical estrogen receptors of the nuclear hormone receptor family (estrogen receptors α and β), which function largely as ligand-activated transcription factors, and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER, which activates a diverse array of signaling pathways. The pharmacology and functional roles of GPER in physiology and disease reveal important roles in responses to both natural and synthetic estrogenic compounds in numerous physiological systems. These functions have implications in the treatment of myriad disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the complex pharmacology of GPER and summarizes major physiological functions of GPER and the therapeutic implications and ongoing applications of GPER-targeted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Arterburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA;
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism, and Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Tabary M, Aryannejad A, Noroozi N, Iranshahi S, Mohammad Jafari R, Mashinchi B, Tavangar SM, Araghi F, Dehpour AR. The Promising Effect of Colchicine on Random-pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats: Glutamate Pathway. J Surg Res 2022; 275:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sex-Related Effects on Cardiac Development and Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030090. [PMID: 35323638 PMCID: PMC8949052 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, male and female patients with CVD exhibit distinct epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics, implying a potentially important role for primary and secondary sex determination factors in heart development, aging, disease and therapeutic responses. Here, we provide a concise review of the field and discuss current gaps in knowledge as a step towards elucidating the “sex determination–heart axis”. We specifically focus on cardiovascular manifestations of abnormal sex determination in humans, such as in Turner and Klinefelter syndromes, as well as on the differences in cardiac regenerative potential between species with plastic and non-plastic sexual phenotypes. Sex-biased cardiac repair mechanisms are also discussed with a focus on the role of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol. Understanding the “sex determination–heart axis” may offer new therapeutic possibilities for enhanced cardiac regeneration and/or repair post-injury.
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Bas S, Ucak R, Sizmaz M, Hascicek S, Karsidag SH. Perivascular Injections of Botulinum Toxin Type A Versus Low Concentration of Ethanol. J Surg Res 2022; 269:218-228. [PMID: 34607144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of low concentration ethanol in increasing flap viability by perioperative perivascular application and compared it with that of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven Wistar albino rats weighing 300-350 g were used in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups: group E (ethanol, n = 9), group B (BTX-A, n = 9), and group S (saline, n = 9). In rats, the dorsal multi-territory perforator flap was elevated, and the agents were injected. In postoperative 1 wk, flap viability and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were evaluated. Also, blood flow, microvascular density, and inflammation degree of both choke zones were assessed. RESULTS The mean flap survival area and vascular endothelial growth factor level were significantly higher in group E than in group B and S (P < 0.001). Similarly, blood flow (first choke zone, P < 0.012, and second choke zone, P < 0.001) and microvascular density (first choke zone and second choke zone, P < 0.001) were found to be higher in Group E compared to Group B and S in the evaluation performed from both choke zones. Also, significant inflammation was detected in the ethanol group. CONCLUSIONS The positive effects of BTX-A on flap viability were achieved with a low concentration of ethanol. The fact that a low concentration of ethanol increases blood flow, angiogenesis, and flap viability more than BTX-A in the first postoperative week indicates that it can be an alternative agent for perioperative use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soysal Bas
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ramazan Ucak
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Sizmaz
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Hascicek
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra H Karsidag
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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