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Jančič U, Trček J, Verestiuc L, Vukomanović M, Gorgieva S. Bacterial nanocellulose loaded with bromelain and nisin as a promising bioactive material for wound debridement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131329. [PMID: 38574906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial nanocellulose (BnC) membranes were produced extracellularly by a novel aerobic acetic acid bacterium Komagataeibacter melomenusus. The BnC was modified in situ by adding carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into the culture media, obtaining a BnC-CMC product with denser fibril arrangement, improved rehydration ratio and elasticity in comparison to BnC. The proteolytic enzyme bromelain (Br) and antimicrobial peptide nisin (N) were immobilized to BnC matrix by ex situ covalent binding and/or adsorption. The optimal Br immobilization conditions towards the maximized specific proteolytic activity were investigated by response surface methodology as factor variables. At optimal conditions, i.e., 8.8 mg/mL CMC and 10 mg/mL Br, hyperactivation of the enzyme was achieved, leading to the specific proteolytic activity of 2.3 U/mg and immobilization efficiency of 39.1 %. The antimicrobial activity was observed against Gram-positive bacteria (S. epidermidis, S. aureus and E. faecalis) for membranes with immobilized N and was superior when in situ modified BnC membranes were used. N immobilized on the BnC or BnC-CMC membranes was cytocompatible and did not cause changes in normal human dermal fibroblast cell morphology. BnC membranes perform as an efficient carrier for Br or N immobilization, holding promise in wound debridement and providing antimicrobial action against Gram-positive bacteria, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Jančič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Trček
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 9-13 Kogalniceanu Street, 700454, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marija Vukomanović
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Advanced Materials Department, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Mulder PPG, Hooijmans CR, Vlig M, Middelkoop E, Joosten I, Koenen HJPM, Boekema BKHL. Kinetics of Inflammatory Mediators in the Immune Response to Burn Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:669-696.e10. [PMID: 37806443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Burns are often accompanied by a dysfunctional immune response, which can lead to systemic inflammation, shock, and excessive scarring. The objective of this study was to provide insight into inflammatory pathways associated with burn-related complications. Because detailed information on the various inflammatory mediators is scattered over individual studies, we systematically reviewed animal experimental data for all reported inflammatory mediators. Meta-analyses of 352 studies revealed a strong increase in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, particularly 19 mediators in blood and 12 in burn tissue. Temporal kinetics showed long-lasting surges of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and burn tissue. Significant time-dependent effects were seen for IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and CCL2. The response of anti-inflammatory mediators was limited. Burn technique had a profound impact on systemic response levels. Large burn size and scalds further increased systemic, but not local inflammation. Animal characteristics greatly affected inflammation, for example, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were highest in young, male rats. Time-dependent effects and dissimilarities in response demonstrate the importance of appropriate study design. Collectively, this review presents a general overview of the burn-induced immune response exposing inflammatory pathways that could be targeted through immunotherapy for burn patients and provides guidance for experimental set-ups to advance burn research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P G Mulder
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn R Hooijmans
- Meta-Research Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Middelkoop
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tissue Function and Regeneration, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke K H L Boekema
- Preclinical Research, Association of Dutch Burn Centres (ADBC), Beverwijk, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kaur J, Raza K, Preet S. Organogel mediated co-delivery of nisin and 5-fluorouracil: a synergistic approach against skin cancer. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:609-625. [PMID: 36472891 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2149871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to develop topical combinatorial therapy of nisin and 5-fluorouracil in a single nanosized formulation against skin cancer. METHODS Nisin and 5-fluorouracil were encapsulated in an organogel system (NF-OG) and investigated for morphology, physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, encapsulation and release. NF-OG was evaluated against DMBA/TPA murine skin cancer in terms of tumour statistics, histoarchitecture, TUNEL and M1/M2 macrophages. RESULTS The optimised NF-OG formulation exhibited particle size of 185.1 ± 11.24 nm, zeta potential of -7.93 ± 0.60 mV, offered substantial drug loading and temporal release. NF-OG therapy led to improved cytotoxicity of nisin and 5-FU against B16-F10 cells, significant decrease in tumour volume (84.983 mm3) in treated group as compared to untreated group (490.482 mm3) accompanied by restoration of histoarchitecture and repolarization of macrophages. CONCLUSION The study yielded a promising delivery system exhibiting potent anticancer activity and forms the bases for further applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Simran Preet
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Accelerated Wound Healing Potential of Nisin in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Rats. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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