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Isali I, Khalifa AO, Shankar S, Dannemiller S, Horne W, Evancho-Chapman M, McClellan P, MacLennan GT, Akkus O, Hijaz A. Comparison of Morphological and Histological Characteristics of Human and Sheep: Sheep as a Potential Model for Testing Midurethral Slings in vivo. Urol Int 2022; 107:422-428. [PMID: 35220315 PMCID: PMC10123539 DOI: 10.1159/000522138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The sheep was evaluated as a potential model for preclinical evaluation of urethral slings in vivo based on: (1) anatomical measurements of the sheep vagina and (2) histological tissue integration and host response to polypropylene (PP) slings. METHODS Eight female, multiparous sheep were utilized. Three of 8 animals underwent surgery mimicking human tension-free vaginal tape protocols for midurethral slings and were euthanized at 6 months. The following measurements were obtained: vaginal length, maximum vaginal width with retraction, symphysis pubis length, and distance from the pubic bone to incision. Explanted sling samples from sheep and human were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for host reaction assessment. RESULTS Geometric measurements were similar between humans and sheep. Sheep vaginal anatomy allowed sling placement similar to procedures in human surgeries, and all sheep recovered without problems. Comparative histology between the sheep and human indicated similar host reaction and collagen deposition around implants, confirming suitability of the sheep model for biomaterial response assessment. CONCLUSION Sheep vaginal length is comparable to humans. Tissue integration and host response to PP slings showed chronic inflammation with rich collagen deposition around the material in both sheep and human specimens, highlighting the sheep as a potential animal model for preclinical testing of midurethral slings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,
| | - Ahmad Osama Khalifa
- Department of Urology, Colchester Hospital University, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Stanley Dannemiller
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Walter Horne
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Phillip McClellan
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Hering BJ, Cozzi E, Spizzo T, Cowan PJ, Rayat GR, Cooper DKC, Denner J. First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes--Executive summary. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:3-13. [PMID: 26940725 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The International Xenotransplantation Association has updated its original "Consensus Statement on Conditions for Undertaking Clinical Trials of Porcine Islet Products in Type 1 Diabetes," which was published in Xenotransplantation in 2009. This update is timely and important in light of scientific progress and changes in the regulatory framework pertinent to islet xenotransplantation. Except for the chapter on "informed consent," which has remained relevant in its 2009 version, all other chapters included in the initial consensus statement have been revised for inclusion in this update. These chapters will not provide complete revisions of the original chapters; rather, they restate the key points made in 2009, emphasize new and under-appreciated topics not fully addressed in 2009, suggest relevant revisions, and communicate opinions that complement the consensus opinion. Chapter 1 provides an update on national regulatory frameworks addressing xenotransplantation. Chapter 2 a, previously Chapter 2, suggests several important revisions regarding the generation of suitable source pigs from the perspective of the prevention of xenozoonoses. The newly added Chapter 2b discusses conditions for the use of genetically modified source pigs in clinical islet xenotransplantation. Chapter 3 reviews porcine islet product manufacturing and release testing. Chapter 4 revisits the critically important topic of preclinical efficacy and safety data required to justify a clinical trial. The main achievements in the field of transmission of all porcine microorganisms, the rationale for more proportionate recipient monitoring, and response plans are reviewed in Chapter 5. Patient selection criteria and circumstances where trials of islet xenotransplantation would be both medically and ethically justified are examined in Chapter 6 in the context of recent advances in available and emerging alternative therapies for serious and potentially life-threatening complications of diabetes. It is hoped that this first update of the International Xenotransplantation Association porcine islet transplant consensus statement will assist the islet xenotransplant scientific community, sponsors, regulators, and other stakeholders actively involved in the clinical translation of islet xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,CORIT (Consortium for Research in Organ Transplantation), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Peter J Cowan
- Immunology Research Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Gina R Rayat
- The Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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3
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Cooper DK, Bottino R, Gianello P, Graham M, Hawthorne WJ, Kirk AD, Korsgren O, Park CG, Weber C. First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes-Chapter 4: pre-clinical efficacy and complication data required to justify a c. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:46-52. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics; Allegheny-Singer Research Institute; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Pierre Gianello
- Faculté de Medecine; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
| | - Melanie Graham
- Department of Surgery; Preclinical Research Center; University of Minnesota; St. Paul MN USA
| | - Wayne J. Hawthorne
- Department of Surgery; University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital; Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- Department of Surgery; Duke University Medical School; Durham NC USA
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Xenotransplantation Research Center; College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Collin Weber
- Department of Surgery; Emory University School of Medicine; Atlanta GA USA
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4
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Shin JS, Kim JM, Kim JS, Min BH, Kim YH, Kim HJ, Jang JY, Yoon IH, Kang HJ, Kim J, Hwang ES, Lim DG, Lee WW, Ha J, Jung KC, Park SH, Kim SJ, Park CG. Long-term control of diabetes in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates (NHP) by the transplantation of adult porcine islets. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2837-50. [PMID: 26096041 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pig islets are an alternative source for islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reproducible curative potential in the pig-to-nonhuman primate (NHP) model has not been demonstrated. Here, we report that pig islet grafts survived and maintained normoglycemia for >6 months in four of five consecutive immunosuppressed NHPs. Pig islets were isolated from designated pathogen-free (DPF) miniature pigs and infused intraportally into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rhesus monkeys under pretreatment with cobra venom factor (CVF), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction and maintenance with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody and low-dose sirolimus. Ex vivo expanded autologous regulatory T cells were adoptively transferred in three recipients. Blood glucose levels were promptly normalized in all five monkeys and normoglycemia (90-110 mg/dL) was maintained for >6 months in four cases, the longest currently up to 603 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests during the follow-up period showed excellent glucose disposal capacity and porcine C-peptide responses. Adoptive transfer of autologous regulatory T cells was likely to be associated with more stable and durable normoglycemia. Importantly, the recipients showed no serious adverse effects. Taken together, our results confirm the clinical feasibility of pig islet transplantation to treat T1D patients without the need for excessive immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J M Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B H Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Y Jang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - I H Yoon
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E S Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D G Lim
- National Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | - W W Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K C Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Myong-Ji Hospital, Koyang-si, Kyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - C G Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Graham ML, Schuurman HJ. Validity of animal models of type 1 diabetes, and strategies to enhance their utility in translational research. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:221-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Plotzki E, Wolf-van Buerck L, Knauf Y, Becker T, Maetz-Rensing K, Schuster M, Baehr A, Klymiuk N, Wolf E, Seissler J, Denner J. Virus safety of islet cell transplantation from transgenic pigs to marmosets. Virus Res 2015; 204:95-102. [PMID: 25956348 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pig islet cells for the treatment of diabetes may be a more effective approach compared with the application of insulin. However, before introduction into the clinic, efficacy and safety of this treatment have to be shown. Non-human primate models may be used for this, despite the fact that they are characterised by several limitations. Here we investigate the prevalence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), which are present in the genome of all pigs and which may infect human cells, as well as of porcine herpes viruses in donor pigs and their potential transmission to non-human primate recipients. Despite the fact that all three subtypes of PERV were present in all and porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) was found in some of the pigs, neither PERVs nor PCMV were found in the recipient animals under the experimental conditions applied. Porcine lymphotropic herpes viruses (PLHV) were not found in the donor pigs, hepatitis E virus (HEV) was not found in the recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plotzki
- Robert Koch Institute, HIV and Other Retroviruses, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lelia Wolf-van Buerck
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabeteszentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 München, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Knauf
- German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute, Pathology Unit, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tamara Becker
- German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute, Pathology Unit, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Maetz-Rensing
- German Primate Center, Leibniz-Institute, Pathology Unit, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marion Schuster
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabeteszentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 München, Germany.
| | - Andrea Baehr
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hackerstraße 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hackerstraße 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Hackerstraße 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Diabeteszentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Ziemssenstraße 1, 80336 München, Germany.
| | - Joachim Denner
- Robert Koch Institute, HIV and Other Retroviruses, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Denner J, Graham M. Xenotransplantation of islet cells: what can the non-human primate model bring for the evaluation of efficacy and safety? Xenotransplantation 2015; 22:231-5. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Graham
- Department of Surgery; Preclinical Research Center; University of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
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8
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Graham ML, Prescott MJ. The multifactorial role of the 3Rs in shifting the harm-benefit analysis in animal models of disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:19-29. [PMID: 25823812 PMCID: PMC4441106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethics on animal use in science in Western society is based on utilitarianism, weighing the harms and benefits to the animals involved against those of the intended human beneficiaries. The 3Rs concept (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) is both a robust framework for minimizing animal use and suffering (addressing the harms to animals) and a means of supporting high quality science and translation (addressing the benefits). The ambiguity of basic research performed early in the research continuum can sometimes make harm-benefit analysis more difficult since anticipated benefit is often an incremental contribution to a field of knowledge. On the other hand, benefit is much more evident in translational research aimed at developing treatments for direct application in humans or animals suffering from disease. Though benefit may be easier to define, it should certainly not be considered automatic. Issues related to model validity seriously compromise experiments and have been implicated as a major impediment in translation, especially in complex disease models where harms to animals can be intensified. Increased investment and activity in the 3Rs is delivering new research models, tools and approaches with reduced reliance on animal use, improved animal welfare, and improved scientific and predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Graham
- University of Minnesota, Department of Surgery, St. Paul, MN, USA; University of Minnesota, Veterinary Population Medicine Department, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Mark J Prescott
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
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9
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Zhu H, Yu L, He Y, Wang B. Nonhuman primate models of type 1 diabetes mellitus for islet transplantation. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:785948. [PMID: 25389531 PMCID: PMC4217338 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an attractive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM) contribute a lot to the experimental studies of islet transplantation and to evaluations of isolated islet grafts for future clinical applications. Diabetic nonhuman primates (NHPs) represent the suitable models of DMs to better evaluate the effectiveness of islet transplantation, to assess new strategies for controlling blood glucose (BG), relieving immune rejection, or prolonging islet survival, and eventually to translate the preclinical data into tangible clinical practice. This review introduces some NHP models of DM, clarifies why and how the models should be used, and elucidates the usefulness and limitations of the models in islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
- *Bo Wang:
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10
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Schneider MKJ, Seebach JD. Xenotransplantation literature update, January-February 2013. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:131-4. [PMID: 23551807 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mårten K J Schneider
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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