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Berles P, Wölfer J, Alfieri F, Botton-Divet L, Guéry JP, Nyakatura JA. Linking morphology, performance, and habitat utilization: adaptation across biologically relevant 'levels' in tamarins. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38355429 PMCID: PMC10865561 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological adaptation manifests itself at the interface of different biologically relevant 'levels', such as ecology, performance, and morphology. Integrated studies at this interface are scarce due to practical difficulties in study design. We present a multilevel analysis, in which we combine evidence from habitat utilization, leaping performance and limb bone morphology of four species of tamarins to elucidate correlations between these 'levels'. RESULTS We conducted studies of leaping behavior in the field and in a naturalistic park and found significant differences in support use and leaping performance. Leontocebus nigrifrons leaps primarily on vertical, inflexible supports, with vertical body postures, and covers greater leaping distances on average. In contrast, Saguinus midas and S. imperator use vertical and horizontal supports for leaping with a relatively similar frequency. S. mystax is similar to S. midas and S. imperator in the use of supports, but covers greater leaping distances on average, which are nevertheless shorter than those of L. nigrifrons. We assumed these differences to be reflected in the locomotor morphology, too, and compared various morphological features of the long bones of the limbs. According to our performance and habitat utilization data, we expected the long bone morphology of L. nigrifrons to reflect the largest potential for joint torque generation and stress resistance, because we assume longer leaps on vertical supports to exert larger forces on the bones. For S. mystax, based on our performance data, we expected the potential for torque generation to be intermediate between L. nigrifrons and the other two Saguinus species. Surprisingly, we found S. midas and S. imperator having relatively more robust morphological structures as well as relatively larger muscle in-levers, and thus appearing better adapted to the stresses involved in leaping than the other two. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the complex ways in which behavioral and morphological 'levels' map onto each other, cautioning against oversimplification of ecological profiles when using large interspecific eco-morphological studies to make adaptive evolutionary inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Berles
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 12/13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Wölfer
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 12/13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabio Alfieri
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 12/13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Léo Botton-Divet
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 12/13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - John A Nyakatura
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 12/13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Costa-Araújo R, Canale GR, de Melo FR, da Silva R, da Silva IB, de Alencar R, da Silva L, Jerusalinsky L, de Azevedo RB, Santos Júnior E, Mourthé I, Ruz EJH, Silva-Jr. J, Roos C, Farias IP, Hrbek T. A dataset of new occurrence records of primates from the arc of deforestation, Brazil. Primate Biol 2024; 11:1-11. [PMID: 39045308 PMCID: PMC11262026 DOI: 10.5194/pb-11-1-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The so-called arc of deforestation is a major agricultural and industrial frontier in southern Amazonia and northern Cerrado of Brazil. As arboreal mammals, the primates in this region are therefore threatened by forest loss and fragmentation. At the same time, knowledge about the taxonomic diversity and distribution ranges of these taxa is incomplete, which might hamper efficient conservation measurements. New species have been recently discovered in this region, and their ranges remain imprecise because only a few occurrence records are available for each species. Here we present 192 new records of 22 species and subspecies of Alouatta, Aotus, Ateles, Cebus, Chiropotes, Lagothrix, Leontocebus, Pithecia, Plecturocebus, Saimiri, and Sapajus, collected in 56 different localities during 10 field expeditions across the arc of deforestation between 2015 and 2018. Based on these new records, we extend the ranges of Alouatta puruensis, Ateles chamek, and Saimiri collinsi; identify potential hybridization zones between A. puruensis and A. discolor, and between At. chamek and At. marginatus; redefine the range of Plecturocebus moloch; and clarify the ranges of P. baptista and P. hoffmannsi. Moreover, these results and the dataset are valuable for further research on, for example, species distribution and habitat use modeling, for assessing species extinction risks, and for supporting efforts for the conservation of species increasingly threatened on a global deforestation frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Costa-Araújo
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Canale
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Batista da Silva
- Amazon Marmosets Project, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Luciano Ferreira da Silva
- Sinop Applied Ecology Group, Centre of Biodiversity Studies of the Southern Amazon, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, 78556-706, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | - Renata Bocorny de Azevedo
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Cabedelo, 58108-012, Brazil
| | | | - Italo Mourthé
- Biology and Conservation of Primates Research Group, Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, 69553-225, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christian Roos
- Primates Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, 69077-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212-7200, United States
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3
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Moreira LAA, Watsa M, Erkenswick G, Higham JP, Melin AD. Evaluating genital skin color as a putative sexual signal in wild saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarins. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23456. [PMID: 36437549 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coevolution between signalers and receivers has played a significant role in the diversity of animal signals and sensory systems. Platyrrhines (monkeys in the Americas) exhibit a remarkable color vision polymorphism that may have been selected by both natural and sexual selection, but sociosexual color signaling among platyrrhines has received almost no attention. Here, we study the color of reproductive skin among different reproductive classes in free-ranging female saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarins, modeling color spaces, and contrasts for the different visual systems. We find that the chromatic saturation and luminance of genital color vary between reproductive classes in saddleback tamarins. Chromatic contrast between the vulva and belly is lower in the parous females (PFs) relative to adult but not currently breeding females, while achromatic contrast is higher in PFs in saddleback tamarins relative to nonparous females. However, in emperor tamarins, genital color (saturation, hue, and luminance) does not vary between reproductive classes. Overall, genital skin color variation is present in tamarins and may play a role in sexual signaling. Nevertheless, the patterns are inconsistent between species, suggesting interspecific variation. Future studies should integrate the perceiver's behavioral responses and the physical and social signaling environments into comprehensive studies of communication as well as consider the role and interaction between multiple sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais A A Moreira
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mrinalini Watsa
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, Escondido, California, USA.,Field Projects International, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gideon Erkenswick
- Field Projects International, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Missouri St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Amanda D Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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4
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Lopes GP, Rohe F, Bertuol F, Polo E, Lima IJ, Valsecchi J, Santos TCM, Nash SD, da Silva MNF, Boubli JP, Farias IP, Hrbek T. Taxonomic review of Saguinus mystax (Spix, 1823) (Primates, Callitrichidae), and description of a new species. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14526. [PMID: 36647446 PMCID: PMC9840391 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Amazon has the greatest diversity of primates, there are still taxonomic uncertainties for many taxa, such as the species of the Saguinus mystax group. The most geographically broadly distributed and phenotypically diverse species in this group is S. mystax, and its phenotypic diversity has been recognized as three subspecies-S. mystax mystax, S. mystax pileatus and S. mystax pluto-with non-overlapping geographic distributions. In this sense, we carried out an extensive field survey in their distribution areas and used a framework of taxonomic hypothesis testing of genomic data combined with an integrative taxonomic decision-making framework to carry out a taxonomic revision of S. mystax. Our tests supported the existence of three lineages/species. The first species corresponds to Saguinus mystax mystax from the left bank of the Juruá River, which was raised to the species level, and we also discovered and described animals from the Juruá-Tefé interfluve previously attributed to S. mystax mystax as a new species. The subspecies S. m. pileatus and S. m. pluto are recognized as a single species, under a new nomenclatural combination. However, given their phenotypic distinction and allopatric distribution, they potentially are a manifestation of an early stage of speciation, and therefore we maintain their subspecific designations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Paulino Lopes
- Programa em Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil,Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rohe
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Bertuol
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Erico Polo
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ivan Junqueira Lima
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil,Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil,Rede de Pesquisa em Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en América Latina, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Tamily Carvalho Melo Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Stephen D. Nash
- Department of Anatomical Sciences/Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Jean P. Boubli
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil,School of Science, Engineering and the Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Izeni Pires Farias
- Programa em Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Programa em Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal/Departamento de Genética/Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas, United States
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5
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Small but Nice–Seed Dispersal by Tamarins Compared to Large Neotropical Primates. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tamarins, small Neotropical primates of the genera Saguinus and Leontocebus, have a mainly frugivorous-faunivorous diet. While consuming the pulp of a high diversity of fruit species, they also swallow seeds and void them intact, thus acting as seed dispersers. Here we compare different aspects of the seed dispersal ecology of tamarins with that of large Neotropical primates from the genera Ateles (spider monkeys) and Lagothrix (woolly monkeys). Due to their small body size, tamarins disperse seeds of a smaller size range, fewer seeds per defecation, and seeds from a smaller number of different plant species per defecation compared to these atelines. We discuss whether tamarin seed dispersal is redundant or complementary to seed dispersal by atelines. On the level of plant species, our comparisons suggest that redundancy or complementarity depends on the plant species concerned. On the habitat level, seed dispersal by tamarins and large New World primates is probably complementary. Particularly, since tamarins are capable of persisting in disturbed forests and near human settlements, they are more likely to contribute to the natural regeneration of such areas than larger primates.
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6
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Guedes da Silva F, Mendonça da Silva Gondim T, Medeiros Borges LH, Alvares Oliveira M. Medium and large-sized mammals in a remnant forest in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. MAMMALOGY NOTES 2022. [DOI: 10.47603/mano.v7n2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian mammalian fauna is threatened by several factors, the main ones being anthropogenic origins, such as agriculture, cattle ranching, and hunting. Medium and large mammals are continually affected by these factors. In this context, we conducted an inventory and estimated the abundance of medium and large mammals in a particular peri-urban remnant forest in the city of Porto, Rondônia. Fieldwork was carried out involving 88 kilometers of census during the daytime, indirect signs research, and interviews. We recorded 21 species of mammals. Private forest reserves have the potential to conserve endangered species, and therefore, actions that favor the connection of these areas in the rural environment should be prioritized
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7
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Charpentier E, García-Mendoza G, Cruz-Guimaraes J, Aquino R, Heymann E. Southern range extension of Spix's saddle-back tamarin, Leontocebus fuscicollis fuscicollis, in Peru. Primate Biol 2022; 9:19-22. [PMID: 36034473 PMCID: PMC9399907 DOI: 10.5194/pb-9-19-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peru has the highest diversity of members of the tamarin
genus Leontocebus (Callitrichidae). However, for a number of taxa from this genus the
distributional ranges are still not well known. In this paper we provide
evidence for the extension of the southern range of Leontocebus fuscicollis fuscicollis to the right bank of
the Río Abujao, south of which it is replaced by Leontocebus weddelli weddelli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Charpentier
- Equipo Primatológico del Perú (EPP), Calle Internacional M-43, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - José Cruz-Guimaraes
- Equipo Primatológico del Perú (EPP), Calle Internacional M-43, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Rolando Aquino
- Equipo Primatológico del Perú (EPP), Calle Internacional M-43, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Mourthé Í, Hilário RR, Carvalho WD, Boubli JP. Filtering Effect of Large Rivers on Primate Distribution in the Brazilian Amazonia. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.857920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century after Wallace’s proposition of the riverine barrier hypothesis, the role of rivers in the diversification of species remains a matter of interest in Amazon biogeography. Amazonian rivers, in particular those large and fast flowing rivers, are widely recognized to act as barriers to the dispersal of some organisms. However, the extent to which primate species changes across interfluves (β-diversity) in response to river features remains to be explicitly tested. In this study, we examine how river characteristics affect the variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity to elucidate the ecological processes behind the differences in primate assemblages between neighboring interfluves in the Brazilian Amazonia. We compiled International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) distribution maps of 80 river-bounded primate species in 10 interfluves separated by major rivers throughout the Brazilian Amazonia. We assessed both the taxonomic (disregarding phylogenetic relationships between species) and phylogenetic β-diversities. We applied multiple linear models to evaluate whether annual discharge, sinuosity, and reflectance (as a proxy for amount of sediments) in each river or river section that separates neighboring interfluves make rivers effective barriers to primates. We found that mean discharge has a positive effect, while both sinuosity and amount of sediments have negative effects on primate β-diversity. These variables have significant effects on total taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity between neighboring interfluves, and their species turnover components. River features, however, have no effect on species richness differences. Genera are capable of traversing almost all interfluves, but species are replaced by others in opposite interfluves. Discharge affected both small- and large-sized primate total β-diversity, but sinuosity only affected large-sized primate assemblages in neighboring interfluves. Our results indicate that although Amazonian rivers act as barriers for many primate species, this barrier effect seems limited to the short/medium time scales, as primate lineages are able to cross them over long-time scales.
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9
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Phylogenetics and an updated taxonomic status of the Tamarins (Callitrichinae, Cebidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 173:107504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Heymann E. On the identity of the tamarin AMNH 98303 (“<i>Saguinus fuscicollis tripartitus</i>”; Primates: Haplorrhini: Simiiformes: Platyrrhini: Callitrichidae). Primate Biol 2022; 9:1-4. [PMID: 35106362 PMCID: PMC8795884 DOI: 10.5194/pb-9-1-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The American Museum of Natural History houses the skin of a tamarin (AMNH 98303) labelled as Saguinus fuscicollis tripartitus. However, the specimen does not match the phenotype of
this taxon, now named Leontocebus tripartitus, nor that of any other known species or subspecies of
Leontocebus. In this note, we review past taxonomic revisions of the genus
Saguinus – revisions that were largely driven by the contentious species or
subspecies status of the golden-mantled saddleback tamarin S. fuscicollis tripartitus – and compare the phenotype of AMNH 98303 with those of other tamarins in the same
genus to discuss the possible status of this specimen.
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Feijó A, Brandão MV. Taxonomy as the first step towards conservation: an appraisal on the taxonomy of medium- and large-sized Neotropical mammals in the 21st century. ZOOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Berles P, Heymann EW, Golcher F, Nyakatura JA. Leaping and differential habitat use in sympatric tamarins in Amazonian Peru. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Differential habitat use in sympatric species can provide insight into how behavior relates to morphological differences and as a general model for the study of biological adaptations to different functional demands. In Amazonia, closely related sympatric tamarins of the genera Saguinus and Leontocebus regularly form stable mixed-species groups, but exhibit differences in foraging height and locomotor activity. To test the hypothesis that two closely related species in a mixed-species group prefer different modes of leaping regardless of the substrates available, we quantified leaping behavior in a mixed-species group of Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We studied leaping behavior in relation to support substrate type and foraging height in the field for 5 months in the Amazonian forest of north-eastern Peru. Saguinus mystax spent significantly more time above 15 m (79%) and used predominantly horizontal and narrow supports for leaping. Leontocebus nigrifrons was predominantly active below 10 m (87%) and exhibited relatively more trunk-to-trunk leaping. Both species preferred their predominant leaping modes regardless of support type availability in the different forest layers. This indicates that the supports most commonly available in each forest layer do not determine the tamarins’ leaping behavior. This apparent behavioral adaptation provides a baseline for further investigation into how behavioral differences are reflected in the morphology and species-specific biomechanics of leaping behavior and establishes callitrichid primates as a model well-suited to the general study of biological adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Berles
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Golcher
- Institut für Deutsche Sprache und Linguistik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden, Berlin, Germany
| | - John A Nyakatura
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Ferreira NIR, Verhaagh M, Heymann EW. Myrmecovory in Neotropical primates. Primates 2021; 62:871-877. [PMID: 34586529 PMCID: PMC8526450 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00946-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ants are the dominant group of animals in many habitats, particularly in tropical rainforests. High abundance and formation of large colonies convert them into a potential food source for a broad spectrum of animals. In this paper we review myrmecovory (consumption of ants) in Neotropical primates. Myrmecovory has been reported from 57 taxa (species + subspecies) out of 217 species of Neotropical primates, representing 18 out of 22 genera. The proportion of ants in the animal portion of the diet is highest amongst members of the genera Cebus, Sapajus, Cheracebus and Plecturocebus, but generally low in callitrichids, large pitheciids (Cacajao, Chiropotes) and atelids. Ants from seven subfamilies of Formicidae (out of 13 subfamilies found in the Neotropics) are consumed, including taxa with and without functional sting and with varying other defences. Foraging technics employed in myrmecovory range from picking ants from open substrates to extractive foraging involving the destruction of ant nests or shelters, but tool use has not been reported. We conclude that myrmecovory is widespread amongst Neotropical primates but on average contributes only a minor proportion of the diet. The diversity of foraging technics employed and lack of tool use in Neotropical primate myrmecovory, even for ants with functional stings and aggressive biting, suggests that tool use for myrmecovory in hominids has not evolved in response to ant defences but is a consequence of enhanced cognitive skills that evolved under other selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja I Risch Ferreira
- Abteilung Soziobiologie/Anthropologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Verhaltensökologie and Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum-Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Verhaagh
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Erbprinzenstr. 13, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie and Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum-Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Oliveira AR, Pereira FMAM, Dos Santos DO, de Carvalho TP, Soares-Neto LL, Mangueira DKA, Lisbôa LM, Mamede RB, Hoppe EGL, Momo C, Santos RL. Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of lethal acanthocephalosis in captive neotropical primates. J Med Primatol 2021; 50:313-322. [PMID: 34558078 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthocephalosis is an important cause of death in captive New World primates (NWP). Once established in a colony, it is extremely difficult to treat and control, quickly spreading among NWP with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to characterize the disease associated with infection with acanthocephalans according to its epidemiological, clinical, and anatomopathological aspects in a captive NWP population. METHODS From 2010 to 2020, a Brazilian zoo had recurrent deaths of NWP associated to acanthocephalan parasitism. Clinical and pathological profiles of these animals were analyzed considering the host species, sex, age, weight, clinical signs, therapeutic protocols, and pathological findings. RESULTS A total of 27 deaths associated with acanthocephalosis were recorded, all lethal cases affected tamarins and lion tamarins, corresponding to 67.5% of total deaths during the course of this study. Ten animals died with no previously detected clinical signs, whereas cases with noticeable clinical signs often had apathy and progressive weight loss, resulting in cachexia. Symptomatic NWP were treated with anthelmintic protocols, antibiotics, and support therapy. However, all hospitalized animals died and had grossly detectable adult acanthocephalans in the intestinal lumen that were identified as Prosthenorchis sp., which were associated with transmural and ulcerative enteritis. CONCLUSIONS This report revealed the impact of acanthocephalosis in a naturally infected captive colony of NWP, particularly affecting tamarins (Saguinus spp.) and lion tamarins (Leontopithecus spp.), with failed treatment and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayisa Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Oliveira Dos Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Parente de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Momo
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Sobroza TV, Pequeno PACL, Gordo M, Kinap NM, Barnett APA, Spironello WR. Does co‐occurrence drive vertical niche partitioning in parapatric tamarins (
Saguinus
spp.)? AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tainara Venturini Sobroza
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo 2936, C.P. 2223, Petrópolis Manaus 69067‐375Brazil
- Projeto Sauim‐de‐Coleira Departamento de Biologia/ICB Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) ManausBrazil
| | | | - Marcelo Gordo
- Projeto Sauim‐de‐Coleira Departamento de Biologia/ICB Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) ManausBrazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil
| | - Natalia Margarido Kinap
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo 2936, C.P. 2223, Petrópolis Manaus 69067‐375Brazil
| | - Adrian Paul Ashton Barnett
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo 2936, C.P. 2223, Petrópolis Manaus 69067‐375Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Zoologia Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil
| | - Wilson Roberto Spironello
- Grupo de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Av. André Araújo 2936, C.P. 2223, Petrópolis Manaus 69067‐375Brazil
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16
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17
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Heymann E. Book review: New World Monkeys. The Evolutionary Odyssey. Primate Biol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8200681 DOI: 10.5194/pb-8-15-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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An Update of the Geographic Distribution of the Red-Mantled Saddle-Back Tamarin, Leontocebus lagonotus (Callitrichidae), in Ecuador. INT J PRIMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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20
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Cárdenas Ramírez GG, Jones MM, Heymann EW, Tuomisto H. Characterizing primate home‐ranges in Amazonia: Using ferns and lycophytes as indicators of site quality. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirkka M. Jones
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie und SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum—Leibniz‐Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany
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21
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Sobroza TV, Gordo M, Barnett AP, Boubli JP, Spironello WR. Parapatric pied and red-handed tamarin responses to congeneric and conspecific calls. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Poirier AC, Waterhouse JS, Dunn JC, Smith AC. Scent Marks Signal Species, Sex, and Reproductive Status in Tamarins (Saguinus spp., Neotropical Primates). Chem Senses 2021; 46:6168037. [PMID: 33704442 PMCID: PMC8130507 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory communication is an important mediator of social interactions in mammals, thought to provide information about an individual’s identity and current social, reproductive, and health status. In comparison with other taxa such as carnivores and rodents, few studies have examined primate olfactory communication. Tamarins (Callitrichidae) conspicuously deposit odorous secretions, produced by specialized scent glands, in their environment. In this study, we combined behavioral and chemical data on captive cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and bearded emperor tamarins, S. imperator subgrisescens, to examine the role of olfactory communication in the advertisement of species, sex, and reproductive status. We observed no difference in scent-marking behavior between species; however, females marked more frequently than males, and reproductive individuals more than non-reproductive ones. In addition, tamarins predominantly used their anogenital gland when scent-marking, followed by the suprapubic gland. We collected swabs of naturally deposited tamarin anogenital scent marks, and analyzed these samples using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Despite a limited sample size, we established differences in tamarin anogenital mark chemical composition between species, sex and reproductive status, and identified 41 compounds. The compounds identified, many of which have been reported in previous work on mammalian semiochemistry, form targets for future bioassay studies to identify semiochemicals. Our non-invasive method for collecting deposited scent marks makes it a promising method for the study of olfactory communication in scent-marking animal species, applicable to field settings and for the study of elusive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C Poirier
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Canada.,School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jacob C Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew C Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Athaydes D, Dias CAR, Gregorin R, Perini FA. Evolution and biogeographic history of the Saguinus mystax group (Primates, Callithrichidae). Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23226. [PMID: 33492691 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Saguinus mystax group traditionally includes three species, S. mystax, S. labiatus, and S. imperator. The additional inclusion of S. inustus is argued on molecular grounds, which have an important impact on our comprehension of the phenotypical evolution and biogeography of the group. Here, we investigate the evolutionary events leading to the diversification of the S. mystax group, integrating phylogenetic, temporal, and geographic information with the current knowledge of the Amazonian paleogeographical history. The examination of 208 specimens of Saguinus resulted in 25 morphological characters, of which 13 were used for the first time in a phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Morphological characters were also combined with molecular data and analyzed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. Trees resulting from morphological and combined data recovered a monophyletic S. mystax group, including S. inustus, whose inclusion was supported by two morphological synapomorphies. Molecular based age estimates place the origin of Saguinus in the middle Miocene (17.4-13 million years ago [mya]), whereas the S. mystax group originated in an interval between 12 and 6 mya. Our results also suggest that the ancestral area of Saguinus was western Amazon, from where they dispersed to their current distribution after the end of the Pebas lakes system. The diversification events in the S. mystax group are related to the Pliocene development of the modern Amazon river network associated to the uplift of Fitzcarrald Arch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daysa Athaydes
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cayo A R Dias
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Gregorin
- Departamento de Biologia, Setor de Zoologia Comparada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Perini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Evolução de Mamíferos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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24
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Vicente-Alonso S, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Álvarez Solas S. On the way to systematize habituation: a protocol to minimize the effects of observer presence on wild groups of Leontocebus lagonotus. Primates 2021; 62:407-415. [PMID: 33428014 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Habituation is used in most field research with primates to minimize observer effects on their behavior. Despite its importance, there is little published on the methods used to habituate different taxa of primates or how these methods vary in different habitat types. We assessed changes in behavior and space use of two groups of Leontocebus lagonotus in the Ecuadorian Amazon in order to document this process. Although the subjects had not been studied before, visitors and researchers were more frequently in the home range of Group 1 than of Group 2. We followed both groups for 2 months, collecting behavioral data through scan sampling and recording the use of space (ground, understory, subcanopy, and canopy) and the routes along which we followed the groups. We then divided our data into two equivalent stages, randomized the data for each stage and looked for significant differences using Wilcoxon tests. Our results show a significant decrease in submissive behaviors toward the observer for both groups and a significant increase in resting and foraging for Group 1. In addition, Group 2 used the subcanopy significantly less and the understory more during the second stage. The routes the animals used were significantly longer in the second stage for Group 1, but not for Group 2. We conclude that our methodology is adequate to advance in the habituation of L. lagonotus in less than 2 months and that a group will habituate more quickly if it has had some previous neutral exposure to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente-Alonso
- Fundació Universitat de Girona: Innovació i Formació and Fundació Mona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Fundació Universitat de Girona: Innovació i Formació and Fundació Mona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez Solas
- Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador.,Grupo de Estudio de Primates del Ecuador (GEPE), Quito, Ecuador.,Grupo de Investigación de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Tena, Ecuador
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25
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Campbell SK, Cortés-Ortiz L. Oxytocin amino acid variation within Neotropical primates: new genetic variants in hormone and receptor sequences and evidence for evolutionary forces driving this unexpected diversity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oxytocin is a mammalian neuropeptide hormone that mediates behaviours important to reproduction. Despite almost universal amino acid sequence conservation across most groups of mammals, several unique forms have been reported across Neotropical primates. To explore sequence diversity, we investigated the genes encoding oxytocin and its receptor across the Atelidae, which was known to contain at least three unique oxytocin sequences. Additionally, we included the genus Cebus, within the Cebidae, to further explore the ubiquity of the Pro8 variant in this family. We found a novel amino acid variant (Val3) within the Atelidae radiation, bringing the total number of oxytocin sequences within Neotropical primates to seven. Analyses of physicochemical properties revealed conservative substitutions that are likely tolerated within the selective constraints imposed by receptor binding. Furthermore, we report radical substitutions at the eighth codon and evidence for co-evolution between Pro8 and a ligand-binding region of the oxytocin receptor in the Atelidae, supporting the notion that this variant may affect binding specificity. Overall, we suggest that selective constraint on binding specificity may maintain proper oxytocin function and that the diversification of amino acid sequence is likely due to a variety of processes such as relaxed constraint, neutral mutation, positive selection and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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26
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Erb WM, Porter LM. Variable infant care contributions in cooperatively breeding groups of wild saddleback tamarins. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23190. [PMID: 32944998 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Among non-human primates, alloparental infant care is most extensive in callitrichines, and is thought to be particularly costly for tamarins whose helpers may suffer increased energy expenditure, weight loss, and reduced feeding time and mobility. The costs and benefits of infant care likely vary among group members yet very few wild studies have investigated variable infant care contributions. We studied infant care over an 8-month period in four wild groups of saddleback tamarins in Bolivia to evaluate: (a) what forms of infant care are provided, by whom, and when, (b) how individuals adjust their behavior (activity, vigilance, height) while caring for infants, and (c) whether individuals differ in their infant care contributions. We found that infant carrying, food sharing, and grooming varied among groups, and immigrant males-those who joined the group after infants were conceived-participated less in infant care compared to resident males. Adult tamarins fed less, rested more, and increased vigilance while carrying infants. Although we did not detect changes in overall activity budgets between prepartum and postpartum periods, tamarins spent more time scanning their environments postpartum, potentially reflecting increased predation risk to both carriers and infants during this period. Our study provides the first quantitative data on the timing and amount of infant carrying, grooming, and food transfer contributed by all individuals within and among multiple wild groups, filling a critical knowledge gap about the factors affecting infant care, and highlighting evolutionary hypotheses for cooperative breeding in tamarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M Erb
- Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Leila M Porter
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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27
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Borges LB, Pereira AKF, Silva WBD, Monteiro FOB, Coutinho LN. Abdominal ultrasound in Saguinus ursulus. J Med Primatol 2020; 49:307-314. [PMID: 32881001 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classification of Saguinus ursulus as a new taxon and the vulnerability of this species highlighted the need for data on its specific morphophysiological attributes. This study used ultrasound to determine the typical characteristics of pelvic-abdominal structures and organs. METHODS Nine healthy primates of the species S. ursulus were evaluated, through ultrasound tests, to determine the morphometry of the organs of the pelvic-abdominal cavity and the levels of ovarian activity. RESULTS Topography, morphology, and biometrics of the organs were described. It was observed that organs of S. ursulus are similar to those of other Neotropical primate species. However, the kidney morphology is different,the left is triangular and the right is elliptical, while the gallbladder is bilobed. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography has proven to be efficient and effective for organ evaluation. The ultrasound findings are a first step toward understanding the physiology of a less-known species.
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28
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Fordham G, Shanee S, Peck M. Effect of river size on Amazonian primate community structure: A biogeographic analysis using updated taxonomic assessments. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23136. [PMID: 32323350 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie the diversification of Neotropical primates remain contested. One mechanism that has found support is the riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH), which postulates that large rivers impede gene flow between populations on opposite riverbanks and promote allopatric speciation. Ayres and Clutton-Brock (1992) demonstrated that larger Amazonian rivers acted as barriers, delineating the distribution limits of primate species. However, profound changes in taxonomy and species concepts have led to the proliferation of Neotropical primate taxa, which may have reduced support for their results. Using the most recent taxonomic assessments and distribution maps, we tested the effect of increasing river size on the similarity of opposite riverbank primate communities in the Amazon. First, we conducted a literature review of primate taxonomy and developed a comprehensive spatial database, then applied geographical information system to query mapped primate ranges against the riverine geography of the Amazon watershed to produce a similarity index for opposite riverbank communities. Finally, we ran models to test how measures of river size predicted levels of similarity. We found that, almost without exception, similarity scores were lower than scores from Ayres and Clutton-Brock (1992) for the same rivers. Our model showed a significant negative relationship between streamflow and similarity in all tests, and found river width significant for the segmented Amazon, but not for multiple Amazon watershed rivers. Our results support the RBH insofar as they provide evidence for the prediction that rivers with higher streamflow act as more substantial barriers to dispersal, and accordingly exhibit greater variation in community composition between riverbanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Fordham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, Torpoint, Cornwall, UK
| | - Mika Peck
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,Neotropical Primate Conservation, Torpoint, Cornwall, UK
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29
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Fernandez-Duque E, Huck M, Van Belle S, Di Fiore A. The evolution of pair-living, sexual monogamy, and cooperative infant care: Insights from research on wild owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 171 Suppl 70:118-173. [PMID: 32191356 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
"Monogamy" and pair bonding have long been of interest to anthropologists and primatologists. Their study contributes to our knowledge of human evolutionary biology and social evolution without the cultural trappings associated with studying human societies directly. Here, we first provide an overview of theoretical considerations, followed by an evaluation of recent comparative studies of the evolution of "social monogamy"; we are left with serious doubts about the conclusions of these studies that stem from the often poor quality of the data used and an overreliance on secondary sources without vetting the data therein. We then describe our field research program on four "monogamous" platyrrhines (owl monkeys, titis, sakis, and tamarins), evaluate how well our data support various hypotheses proposed to explain "monogamy," and compare our data to those reported on the same genera in comparative studies. Overall, we found a distressing lack of agreement between the data used in comparative studies and data from the literature for the taxa that we work with. In the final section, we propose areas of research that deserve more attention. We stress the need for more high-quality natural history data, and we urge researchers to be cautious about the uncritical use of variables of uncertain internal validity. Overall, it is imperative that biological anthropologists establish and follow clear criteria for comparing and combining results from published studies and that researchers, reviewers, and editors alike comply with these standards to improve the transparency, reproducibility, and interpretability of causal inferences made in comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fernandez-Duque
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Owl Monkey Project, Fundación ECO, Formosa, Argentina.,Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina.,College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maren Huck
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Sarie Van Belle
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.,Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.,Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
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30
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Moreira LAA, Duytschaever G, Higham JP, Melin AD. Platyrrhine color signals: New horizons to pursue. Evol Anthropol 2019; 28:236-248. [PMID: 31609040 PMCID: PMC6865018 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Like catarrhines, some platyrrhines show exposed and reddish skin, raising the possibility that reddish signals have evolved convergently. This variation in skin exposure and color combined with sex-linked polymorphic color vision in platyrrhines presents a unique, and yet underexplored, opportunity to investigate the relative importance of chromatic versus achromatic signals, the influence of color perception on signal evolution, and to understand primate communication broadly. By coding the facial skin exposure and color of 96 platyrrhines, 28 catarrhines, 7 strepsirrhines, 1 tarsiiform, and 13 nonprimates, and by simulating the ancestral character states for these traits, we provide the first analysis of the distribution and evolution of facial skin exposure and color in platyrrhini. We highlight ways in which studying the presence and use of color signals by platyrrhines and other primates will enhance our understanding of the evolution of color signals, and the forces shaping color vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís A. A. Moreira
- Department of Anthropology & ArchaeologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Gwen Duytschaever
- Department of Anthropology & ArchaeologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | | | - Amanda D. Melin
- Department of Anthropology & ArchaeologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medical GeneticsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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31
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Heymann EW, Culot L, Knogge C, Smith AC, Tirado Herrera ER, Müller B, Stojan-Dolar M, Lledo Ferrer Y, Kubisch P, Kupsch D, Slana D, Koopmann ML, Ziegenhagen B, Bialozyt R, Mengel C, Hambuckers J, Heer K. Small Neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10356. [PMID: 31346187 PMCID: PMC6658533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly large proportions of tropical forests are anthropogenically disturbed. Where natural regeneration is possible at all, it requires the input of plant seeds through seed dispersal from the forest matrix. Zoochorous seed dispersal - the major seed dispersal mode for woody plants in tropical forests - is particularly important for natural regeneration. In this study, covering a period of more than 20 years, we show that small New World primates, the tamarins Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons, increase their use of an anthropogenically disturbed area over time and disperse seeds from primary forest tree species into this area. Through monitoring the fate of seeds and through parentage analyses of seedlings of the legume Parkia panurensis from the disturbed area and candidate parents from the primary forest matrix, we show that tamarin seed dispersal is effective and contributes to the natural regeneration of the disturbed area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard W Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Laurence Culot
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratório de Primatologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
- Primatology Research Group, Behavioral Biology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christoph Knogge
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew C Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emérita R Tirado Herrera
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Britta Müller
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mojca Stojan-Dolar
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvan Lledo Ferrer
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Petra Kubisch
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Ökologie & Ökosystemforschung, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Denis Kupsch
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Naturschutzbiologie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mareike Lena Koopmann
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum - Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Göttingen, Germany
- Bioplan Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Naturschutzbiologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
- Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Julien Hambuckers
- Chair for Statistics and Econometrics, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Finance, HEC Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Katrin Heer
- Naturschutzbiologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Martins-Junior AMG, Carneiro J, Sampaio I, Ferrari SF, Schneider H. Phylogenetic relationships among Capuchin (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) lineages: An old event of sympatry explains the current distribution of Cebus and Sapajus. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:699-712. [PMID: 30235394 PMCID: PMC6136366 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capuchin monkeys are currently represented by four species of Cebus and eight of Sapajus. This group is taxonomically complex and several questions still need to be clarified. In the current study, using mtDNA markers and a larger sample representation than in previous studies, we seek to understand the phylogenetic relationships among the capuchin lineages and their historical biogeography. All 12 species of capuchins were analyzed for the mitochondrial Control Region and Cytochrome b to test two biogeographical hypotheses: "Reinvasion of the Amazon (ROA)" and "Sympatric Evolution (SEV)". The phylogenetic relationships among distinct lineages within genera is consistent with an evolutionary diversification pattern probably resulting from an explosive process of diversification and dispersal between 2.0 Ma and 3.0 Ma. Also, the analyses show that the ancestral capuchins were distributed in a wide area encompassing the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. Our results support the SEV hypothesis, showing that the current syntopic distribution of Cebus and Sapajus can be explained by a sympatric speciation event in the Amazon. We also indicate that the recently proposed species taxonomy of Cebus is not supported, and that S. cay and S. macrocephalus are a junior synonym of S. apella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcio Gomes Martins-Junior
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança,
PA, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética, Evolução e Bioinformática, Instituto Federal do
Pará, Tucurui, PA, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Carneiro
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança,
PA, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança,
PA, Brazil
| | - Stephen F. Ferrari
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São
Cristovão, SE, Brazil
- Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança,
PA, Brazil
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Stanyon R, Giusti D, Araújo NP, Bigoni F, Svartman M. Chromosome painting of the red-handed tamarin (Saguinus midas) compared to other Callitrichinae monkeys. Genome 2018; 61:771-776. [PMID: 30222938 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we present, for the first time, the complete chromosome painting map of Saguinus midas, the red-handed tamarin. Chromosome banding and painting with human chromosome-specific probes were used to compare the karyotype of this species with those of four other Neotropical primates of the subfamily Callitrichinae: Leontopithecus rosalia, Callithrix geoffroyi, C. penicillata, and Mico argentatus. The chromosome painting map of S. midas was identical to that of L. rosalia and other previously studied tamarin species (genera Saguinus and Leontopithecus). The three marmoset species studied (genera Callithrix and Mico) differed in the painting pattern of four human probes (chromosomes 1, 2, 10, and 16). These paints identified the presence or absence of chromosome associations HSA 1/10 and 2/16 in these taxa. By integrating our data with those from the literature, we were able to propose an ancestral Callitrichinae karyotype. The genera Saguinus and Leontopithecus (tamarins) conserve the ancestral Callitrichinae karyotype, while Mico and Callithrix (marmosets) show more derived karyotypes due to chromosome translocations and fissions that occurred during the evolution of these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roscoe Stanyon
- a Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Dorotea Giusti
- a Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Naiara Pereira Araújo
- b Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francesca Bigoni
- c Museum of Natural History, Anthropology Section, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Svartman
- b Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Abstract
In this note, I discuss the advantages of the usage of subgenera as a practical taxonomic rank in mammalian taxonomy. Use of this category preserves traditional usage, reduces nomenclatural instability and avoids unnecessary change of names. Subgenera are useful to label diagnosable clades of closely related species, especially in morphologically and ecologically diverse monophyletic genera, without alteration of traditional binomial usage. Contrary to informal names such as “divisions” or “groups”, subgenera are governed by the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), having usage constrained (and stability promoted) by typification and priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Teta
- División Mastozoología , Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Avenida Ángel Gallardo 470 , C1405DJR Buenos Aires , Argentina
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35
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Byrne H, Lynch Alfaro JW, Sampaio I, Farias I, Schneider H, Hrbek T, Boubli JP. Titi monkey biogeography: Parallel Pleistocene spread byPlecturocebusandCheracebusinto a post-Pebas Western Amazon. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Byrne
- Institute for Society and Genetics; University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles California
| | - Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro
- Institute for Society and Genetics; University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles California
- Department of Anthropology; University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); Los Angeles California
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular; Universidade Federal do Pará; Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Izeni Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular; Universidade Federal do Pará; Bragança Pará Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Salford UK
- Programa de Pos-graduação em Genética, Conservaçāo e Evolução; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
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36
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Phenotypic, Genetic, and Cytogenetic Evidence of Hybridization Between Species of Trans-Andean Tamarins (Genus Saguinus). INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sampaio R, Röhe F, Rylands AB. Diversity of primates and other mammals in the middle Purus basin in the Brazilian Amazon. MAMMALIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2016-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Information on the wildlife of the middle and upper reaches of the Purus in Brazil is scarce, and this region is one of the major remaining gaps in our understanding of the distributions and population status of mammals in the Brazilian Amazon. In this paper, we present information on the diversity of mammals of the middle Purus, in the south of Amazonas State, Brazil. Based on rapid inventories in four protected areas, and line-transect censuses in one of them, we provide locality records that indicate expansions of the known range of six primate species and a squirrel. Species more frequently seen during censuses were small and mid-sized primates and rodents, while records of larger mammals, which are more sensitive to subsistence hunting, were infrequent or lacking. Deforestation in the area is relatively low, but the area is close to the so-called “arc of deforestation” that is moving north and west from the north of the state of Mato Grosso into the states of Acre and Amazonas. The middle and upper Purus basin has been little explored, but is far from pristine, and populations of most of the species that are vulnerable to forest degradation and hunting are already reduced, especially close to the major rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sampaio
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) , Atibaia, São Paulo , Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Comparada, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto , Universidade de São Paulo , Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 , Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901 , Brazil
| | - Fábio Röhe
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia , C.P. 478 , 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas , Brasil
| | - Anthony B. Rylands
- Global Wildlife Conservation, Primate Conservation Program , P.O. Box 129 , Austin, TX 78767 , USA
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Next-Generation Sequencing of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Endangered Species Black Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Primates) and Mitogenomic Phylogeny Focusing on the Callitrichidae Family. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:1985-1991. [PMID: 29650540 PMCID: PMC5982826 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Black Lion Tamarin, an endangered primate species endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. We assembled the Leontopithecus chrysopygus mitogenome, through analysis of 523M base pairs (bp) of short reads produced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) on the Illumina Platform, and investigated the presence of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes and heteroplasmic sites. Additionally, we conducted phylogenetic analyses using all complete mitogenomes available for primates until June 2017. The single circular mitogenome of BLT showed organization and arrangement that are typical for other vertebrate species, with a total of 16618 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region (D-loop region). Our full phylogenetic tree is based on the most comprehensive mitogenomic dataset for Callitrichidae species to date, adding new data for the Leontopithecus genus, and discussing previous studies performed on primates. Moreover, the mitochondrial genome reported here consists of a robust mitogenome with 3000X coverage, which certainly will be useful for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of Callitrichidae and higher taxa.
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Mere Roncal C, Bowler M, Gilmore MP. The ethnoprimatology of the Maijuna of the Peruvian Amazon and implications for primate conservation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2018; 14:19. [PMID: 29514692 PMCID: PMC5842639 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Amazonia, primates are not only an important food source but they also hold significant cultural and symbolic value for many indigenous groups. We document the relationship between primates and community members of the Maijuna indigenous community of Sucusari in the Peruvian Amazon and describe how ethnoprimatological studies provide a better understanding of the significance of primates in people's lives. Additionally, we explore how ethnoprimatological studies can help inform and enhance primate conservation initiatives. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 residents of the community of Sucusari to assess the classification, cultural significance and traditional uses, beliefs, ceremonies and stories of primates within the Sucusari River basin. RESULTS Primates play an important role in the lives of individuals in the Sucusari community. They are distinguished by their arboreal lifestyle, and among the 11 species reported in the area, seven (Lagothrix lagotricha, Alouatta seniculus, Pithecia monachus, Callicebus spp., Saimiri sciureus, Leontocebus nigricollis) are highly recognized and culturally salient. Primates are used as food, medicine, pets, domestic tools and in the production of handicrafts. They are primarily hunted for local consumption, with larger primates such as L. lagotricha being preferred. Lagothrix lagotricha was also the most commonly reported pet species and the only observed pet primate in the community during surveys. Maijuna traditional beliefs include ancestral dietary taboos for A. seniculus, which are referred to as sorcerer monkeys, but this taboo is no longer fully adhered to. Maijuna traditional stories associated with primates describe the origin of primates found in Sucusari. CONCLUSION Primates are embedded in the intricate sociocultural system of the community of Sucusari. Better understanding the relationship between primates and people can help to focus conservation efforts on primate species of particularly high sociocultural importance as well as ecological value, such as L. lagotricha. We highly recommend the inclusion of ethnoprimatological studies into primate conservation initiatives to accomplish more effective conservation planning, ultimately integrating the goals of biodiversity conservation with the cultural and economic needs of indigenous and local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mere Roncal
- Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
| | - Mark Bowler
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027 USA
| | - Michael P Gilmore
- School of Integrative Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
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40
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Silva FE, Costa‐Araújo R, Boubli JP, Santana MI, Franco CLB, Bertuol F, Nunes H, Silva‐Júnior J, Farias I, Hrbek T. In search of a meaningful classification for Amazonian marmosets: Should dwarf marmosets be considered
Mico
congenerics? ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E. Silva
- School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa‐Araújo
- Programa de pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Marcelo I. Santana
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Bertuol
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Hermano Nunes
- Escola Estadual de Ensino Medio Prof. Olivina Olivia Carneiro da Cunha Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | | | - Izeni Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
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41
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Abstract
Monkeys first arrived in the Neotropics about 36 Ma, and the ancestry of all living Neotropical primates (Platyrrhini) traces to a single common ancestral population from 24 to 19 Ma. The availability of lush Amazonian habitat, the rise of the Andes, the transition from the lacustrine to riverine system in the Amazon Basin, and the intermittent connection between the Amazon and the Atlantic tropical forests have all shaped how primates spread and diversified. Primates outcompeted native South American mammals but faced an influx of North American fauna with the closing of the Isthmus of Panama. Humans, extreme newcomers in the Neotropics, have influenced primate habitat and ecology over the last 13,000 years, with radical transformations in the last 500 years as a result of European colonization and land use change. Neotropical primate biogeography informs taxonomic work and conservation efforts, with a mind toward mitigating effects of direct human impact and human-mediated climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lynch Alfaro
- Institute for Society and Genetics and Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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42
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Pine RH, Gutiérrez EE. What is an ‘extant’ type specimen? Problems arising from naming mammalian species-group taxa without preserved types. Mamm Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H. Pine
- Biodiversity Institute & Natural History Museum; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Eliécer E. Gutiérrez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Av. Roraima n. 1000, Prédio 17, sala 1140- D; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil
- Division of Mammals; National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108; Smithsonian Institution; P.O. Box 37012 Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
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43
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Garbino GST, Martins-Junior AMG. Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 118:156-171. [PMID: 28989098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marmosets and tamarins (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) constitute the most species-rich subfamily of New World monkeys and one of the most diverse phenotypically. Despite the profusion of molecular phylogenies of the group, the evolution of phenotypic characters under the rapidly-emerging consensual phylogeny of the subfamily has been little studied, resulting in taxonomic proposals that have limited support from other datasets. We examined the evolution of 18 phenotypic traits (5 continuous and 13 discrete), including pelage, skull, dentition, postcrania, life-history and vocalization variables in a robust molecular phylogeny of marmoset and tamarin monkeys, quantifying their phylogenetic signal and correlations among some of the traits. At the family level, our resulting topology supports owl monkeys (Aotinae) as sister group of Callitrichinae. The topology of the callitrichine tree was congruent with previous studies except for the position of the midas group of Saguinus tamarins, which placement as sister of the bicolor group did not receive significant statistical support in both Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference analyses. Our results showed that the highest value of phylogenetic signal among continuous traits was displayed by the long call character and the lowest was exhibited in the home range, intermediate values were found in characters related to osteology and skull size. Among discrete traits, pelage and osteology had similar phylogenetic signal. Based on genetic, osteological, pelage and vocalization data, we present an updated genus-level taxonomy of Callitrichinae, which recognizes six genera in the subfamily: Callimico, Callithrix, Cebuella, Mico, Leontopithecus and Saguinus. To reflect their phenotypic distinctiveness and to avoid the use of the informal "species group", we subdivided Saguinus in the subgenera Leontocebus, Saguinus and Tamarinus (revalidated here).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S T Garbino
- PPG-Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Antonio M G Martins-Junior
- Laboratório de Genética e Evolução, Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus de Tucuruí, Brazil; Centro de Genômica e Biologia de Sistemas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Gutiérrez EE, Marinho-Filho J. The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. Zookeys 2017; 644:105-157. [PMID: 28144187 PMCID: PMC5242261 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.644.10827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook a comprehensive, critical review of literature concerning the distribution, conservation status, and taxonomy of species of mammals endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga, the two largest biomes of the South American Dry-Diagonal. We present species accounts and lists of species, which we built with criteria that, in our opinion, yielded results with increased scientific rigor relative to previously published lists - e.g., excluding nominal taxa whose statuses as species have been claimed only on the basis of unpublished data, incomplete taxonomic work, or weak evidence. For various taxa, we provided arguments regarding species distributions, conservation and taxonomic statuses previously lacking in the literature. Two major findings are worth highlighting. First, we unveil the existence of a group of species endemic to both the Cerrado and the Caatinga (i.e., present in both biomes and absent in all other biomes). From the biogeographic point of view, this group, herein referred to as Caatinga-Cerrado endemics, deserves attention as a unit - just as in case of the Caatinga-only and the Cerrado-only endemics. We present preliminary hypotheses on the origin of these three endemic faunas (Cerrado-only, Caatinga-only, and Caatinga-Cerrado endemics). Secondly, we discovered that a substantial portion of the endemic mammalian faunas of the Caatinga and the Cerrado faces risks of extinction that are unrecognized in the highly influential Red List of Threatened Species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). "Data deficient" is a category that misrepresents the real risks of extinction of these species considering that (a) some of these species are known only from a handful of specimens collected in a single or a few localities long ago; (b) the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been sufficiently sampled to guarantee collection of additional specimens of these species if they were abundant; (c) natural habitats of the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been substantially altered or lost in recent decades. Failures either in the design of the IUCN criteria or in their application to assign categories of extinction risks represent an additional important threat to these endemic faunas because their real risks of extinctions become hidden. It is imperative to correct this situation, particularly considering that these species are associated to habitats that are experiencing fast transformation into areas for agriculture, at an unbearable cost for biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliécer E. Gutiérrez
- PNPD Ecologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Division of Mammals, National Museum of Natural History, NHB 390, MRC 108, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Jader Marinho-Filho
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
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45
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Garbino GST, de Aquino CC. Evolutionary Significance of the Entepicondylar Foramen of the Humerus in New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini). J MAMM EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Nova Delgado M, Galbany J, Pérez-Pérez A. Molar shape variability in platyrrhine primates. J Hum Evol 2016; 99:79-92. [PMID: 27650581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent phylogenetic analyses suggest that platyrrhines constitute a monophyletic group represented by three families: Cebidae, Atelidae, and Pitheciidae. Morphological variability between and within these three families, however, is widely discussed and debated. The aim of this study was to assess molar shape variability in platyrrhines, to explore patterns of interspecific variation among extant species, and to evaluate how molar shape can be used as a taxonomic indicator. The analyses were conducted using standard multivariate analyses of geometric morphometric data from 802 platyrrhine lower molars. The results indicated that the interspecific variation exhibited a highly homoplastic pattern related to functional adaptation of some taxa. However, phylogeny was also an important factor in shaping molar morphological traits, given that some phenotypic similarities were consistent with current phylogenetic positions. Our results show that the phylogenetic and functional signals of lower molar shape vary depending on the taxa and the tooth considered. Based on molar shape, Aotus showed closer similarities to Callicebus, as well as to some Cebidae and Ateles-Lagothrix, due to convergent evolutionary trends caused by similar dietary habits, or due to fast-evolving branches in the Aotus lineage, somewhat similar to the shape of Callicebus and Cebidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Nova Delgado
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Galbany
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Ste 6000, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Pérez
- Secció de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Species, subspecies, or color morphs? Reconsidering the taxonomy of Callicebus Thomas, 1903 in the Purus-Madeira interfluvium. Primates 2016; 58:159-167. [PMID: 27422802 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been recent disagreements as to how many taxa of titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, occur in the region between the Purus and Madeira rivers in western Brazilian Amazonia. Three parapatric taxa were proposed for the area: Callicebus caligatus, Callicebus stephennashi, and Callicebus dubius, but the latter has recently been considered a synonym of C. caligatus, even though both form monophyletic groups and are morphologically distinct. We analyzed the geographic variation in the pelage of Callicebus occurring between the Madeira and Purus rivers and concluded that the phenotypes attributed to C. caligatus and C. dubius are not individual morphs, but rather well-marked and geographically restricted varieties. For this reason, we classify Callicebus caligatus as a polytypic species with two subspecies: Callicebus caligatus caligatus and Callicebus caligatus dubius. This classification is corroborated by molecular evidence as well. The morphological and distributional data indicate that Callicebus stephennashi is a hybrid form of C. c. caligatus and C. c. dubius, due to the presence of intermediate characters. Therefore, until more precise locality records are provided and further evidence is presented, we consider Callicebus stephennashi to be a homonym of the two parental forms.
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Byrne H, Rylands AB, Carneiro JC, Alfaro JWL, Bertuol F, da Silva MNF, Messias M, Groves CP, Mittermeier RA, Farias I, Hrbek T, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Boubli JP. Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence. Front Zool 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 26937245 PMCID: PMC4774130 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titi monkeys, Callicebus, comprise the most species-rich primate genus—34 species are currently recognised, five of them described since 2005. The lack of molecular data for titi monkeys has meant that little is known of their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. To clarify their evolutionary history, we assembled a large molecular dataset by sequencing 20 nuclear and two mitochondrial loci for 15 species, including representatives from all recognised species groups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using concatenated maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, allowing us to evaluate the current taxonomic hypothesis for the genus. Results Our results show four distinct Callicebus clades, for the most part concordant with the currently recognised morphological species-groups—the torquatus group, the personatus group, the donacophilus group, and the moloch group. The cupreus and moloch groups are not monophyletic, and all species of the formerly recognized cupreus group are reassigned to the moloch group. Two of the major divergence events are dated to the Miocene. The torquatus group, the oldest radiation, diverged c. 11 Ma; and the Atlantic forest personatus group split from the ancestor of all donacophilus and moloch species at 9–8 Ma. There is little molecular evidence for the separation of Callicebus caligatus and C. dubius, and we suggest that C. dubius should be considered a junior synonym of a polymorphic C. caligatus. Conclusions Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, we propose a new genus level taxonomy for titi monkeys: Cheracebus n. gen. in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins (torquatus group), Callicebus Thomas, 1903, in the Atlantic Forest (personatus group), and Plecturocebus n. gen. in the Amazon basin and Chaco region (donacophilus and moloch groups). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Byrne
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Room 315, Peel Building, Salford, UK
| | | | - Jeferson C Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Jessica W Lynch Alfaro
- Department of Anthropology, Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fabricio Bertuol
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Maria N F da Silva
- Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | | | - Colin P Groves
- School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Izeni Farias
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Jean P Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Room 315, Peel Building, Salford, UK ; Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
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