1
|
Paruch L, Paruch AM. Molecular Identification of Infectious Enteropathogens in Faeces of Healthy Horses. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221089005. [PMID: 35431557 PMCID: PMC9008849 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221089005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoogenic faecal contamination of the environment is one of the indices included
in the evaluation of ecological threats, health hazards and adverse impacts on
various ecosystems. The risks and environmental concerns are associated with the
fact that faeces of wild and domesticated animals constitute the largest source
of environmental loading of enteropathogens associated with transmission of
zoonotic diseases (enteric zoonoses). Although sick animals are more likely to
transmit pathogens, healthy ones can also be the carriers and defecate them into
the environment. This is of particular importance given the close human-animal
interactions and health effects resulting from human and ecological exposures to
faecal hazards from companion and farm animals. We have therefore set out to
investigate whether healthy equines can carry and defecate human infectious
pathogens. For this purpose, we set up a pilot study to examine the faecal DNA
of horses using culture-independent molecular diagnostics – fluorescent
probe-based quantitative real-time PCR. Our results revealed that among a total
of 23 horses, 6 were found to carry Campylobacter jejuni
(C. jejuni), and 5 had Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Moreover,
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) was
found in 14 horses, while 19 were positive for Clostridium
perfringens (C. perfringens). Furthermore, the
frequently reported protozoan parasites in livestock, Cryptosporidium
parvum (C. parvum) and Giardia
lamblia (G. lamblia), were discovered in 8 and 7
samples, respectively. This pilot study shed new light on the phenomenon of
healthy horses carrying C. jejuni and other
human-health-related enteropathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paruch
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Aas, Norway
| | - Adam M Paruch
- Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Aas, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yi L, Duan C, Tao J, Huang Y, Xing M, Zhu Z, Tan C, Chen X. Disease Outbreak, Health Scare, and Distance Decay: Evidence from HPAI Shocks in Chinese Meat Sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8009. [PMID: 33143249 PMCID: PMC7662287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: During zoonotic disease shocks (ZDSs), zoonotic disease outbreaks (ZDOs) can induce public health scares (PHSs), causing meat price risks (MPRs). Nevertheless, spatial spillovers of zoonotic disease shocks in meat markets remain unclear. We explore how zoonotic disease outbreaks and public health scares locally and spatially spill over to meat price risks, and whether spatial spillovers of public health scares decay with distance. Methods: (i) We construct a long panel covering 30 provinces and 121 months, using highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics as exogenous shocks in Chinese meat sector. (ii) We decompose zoonotic disease shocks into zoonotic disease outbreaks (objective incident) and public health scares (subjective information) and examine their spillovers to meat price risks. (iii) We identify distance-decaying spatial spillovers of public health scares, by running our dynamic SAR models 147 times, from 80 km to 3000 km with 20 km as incremental value, in a setting with risk-level heterogeneity. Results: (i) Zoonotic disease outbreaks themselves only cause local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk meat, not for low-risk or substitute meat. (ii) Public health scares exacerbate local and neighboring meat price risks for high-risk and low-risk meat, and local meat price risks for substitute meat. (iii) Spatial spillovers of public health scares are distance-decaying and U-shaped, with four spatial attenuation boundaries, and distance turning point is shorter for high-risk meat (500 km) than for low-risk meat (800 km). Conclusions: We complement the literature by arguing that health scares induced by disease outbreaks negatively spill over to meat prices, with U-shaped distance-decaying spatial effects. This suggests low interregional spatial market integration in meat products, due to distance decay of nonstandardized information and local government control effects, across provincial boundaries. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to document nonmonotonic distance decay of health scare effects on food prices, previously not found by the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Y.); (M.X.); (X.C.)
- Sub-Center for Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Center for Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Academy of Rural Revitalization, Wuhan 430064, China
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (C.T.)
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Congcong Duan
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (C.T.)
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianping Tao
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (C.T.)
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (C.T.)
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meihua Xing
- Institute of Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Y.); (M.X.); (X.C.)
- Sub-Center for Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Center for Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Academy of Rural Revitalization, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhongkun Zhu
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Caifeng Tan
- College of Economics & Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (C.T.)
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xinglin Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.Y.); (M.X.); (X.C.)
- Sub-Center for Agricultural Economics & Technology, Hubei Center for Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation, Wuhan 430064, China
- Hubei Academy of Rural Revitalization, Wuhan 430064, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sack A, Oladunni FS, Gonchigoo B, Chambers TM, Gray GC. Zoonotic Diseases from Horses: A Systematic Review. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:484-495. [PMID: 32077811 PMCID: PMC7339018 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, horses play critical roles in recreation, food production, transportation, and as working animals. Horses' roles differ by geographical region and the socioeconomic status of the people, but despite modern advances in transportation, which have in some ways altered humans contact with horses, potential risks for equine zoonotic pathogen transmission to humans occur globally. While previous reports have focused upon individual or groups of equine pathogens, to our knowledge, a systematic review of equine zoonoses has never been performed. Methods: Using PRISMA's systematic review guidelines, we searched the English literature and identified 233 previous reports of potential equine zoonoses found in horses. We studied and summarized their findings with a goal of identifying risk factors that favor disease transmission from horses to humans. Results: These previous reports identified 56 zoonotic pathogens that have been found in horses. Of the 233 articles, 13 involved direct transmission to humans (5.6%).The main potential routes of transmission included oral, inhalation, and cutaneous exposures. Pathogens most often manifest in humans through systemic, gastrointestinal, and dermatological signs and symptoms. Furthermore, 16.1% were classified as emerging infectious diseases and thus may be less known to both the equine and human medical community. Sometimes, these infections were severe leading to human and equine death. Conclusions: While case reports of zoonotic infections directly from horses remain low, there is a high potential for underreporting due to lack of knowledge among health professionals. Awareness of these zoonotic pathogens, their disease presentation in horses and humans, and their associated risk factors for cross-species infection are important to public health officials, clinicians, and people with recreational or occupational equid exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sack
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fatai S. Oladunni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Battsetseg Gonchigoo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Thomas M. Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gregory C. Gray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Global Health Research Center, Duke-Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoon H, Moon OK, Lee SH, Lee WC, Her M, Jeong W, Jung SC, Kim DS. Epidemiology of brucellosis among cattle in Korea from 2001 to 2011. J Vet Sci 2014; 15:537-43. [PMID: 25234321 PMCID: PMC4269596 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the outbreak patterns of bovine brucellosis in Korea from 2000 to 2011 were analyzed to understand the epidemiological evolution of this disease in the country. A total of 85,521 brucella reactor animals were identified during 14,215 outbreaks over the 12-year study period. The number of bovine brucellosis cases increased after 2003 and peaked in 2006 before decreasing thereafter. The majority of the bovine brucellosis cases were Korean native cattle, Han Woo. The numbers of human brucellosis cases and cattle outbreaks increased and decreased in the same pattern. The correlation coefficient for human and bovine cases per year was 0.96 (95% confidence interval = 0.86~0.99; p < 10-3). The epidemiological characteristics of bovine brucellosis appeared to be affected by the intensity of eradication programs that mainly involved a test-and-slaughter policy. Findings from the present study were based on freely available statistics from web pages maintained by government agencies. This unlimited access to information demonstrates the usefulness of government statistics for continually monitoring the health of animal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hachung Yoon
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
[Knowledge of zoonoses transmission routes and of the species concerned among rural workers]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2014; 46:7-13. [PMID: 24721268 DOI: 10.1016/s0325-7541(14)70041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness of zoonoses among rural workers and their potential associations with socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional study was performed by holding personal interviews (N=110, n=94) using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analysis included the χ(2) test, the Student's t test and Pearson and Spearman correlations. The highest level of awareness was found for trichinosis, rabies and scabies. Species transmitting brucellosis, tuberculosis and anthrax were well known, but not their modes of transmission. The least known diseases were toxocariasis and hydatidosis, followed by leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis. Significant associations were found (p<0.001) between the knowledge of transmitting species and the modes of transmission. Senior male owners, married, and living in urban areas showed the highest overall knowledge of zoonoses. Awareness of zoonoses among rural workers is inadequate. Veterinarians in conjunction with risk insurers may play a key role in providing information to people at risk.
Collapse
|