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Jariyapamornkoon N, Boonkam P, Suanpairintr N. Assessment of the gradient diffusion method for fosfomycin susceptibility testing in Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the urine of companion dogs in Thailand. Vet World 2023; 16:2497-2503. [PMID: 38328370 PMCID: PMC10844777 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2497-2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The agar dilution method is the approved method for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in fosfomycin susceptibility testing, whereas the broth dilution method is not recommended. This study aimed to investigate the potential of the gradient diffusion method as a more convenient alternative to agar dilution method for MIC evaluation, particularly for the susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. to fosfomycin. Materials and Methods A total of 194 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were collected from urine samples of dogs diagnosed with bacterial cystitis. Bacterial identification and susceptibility to multiple antibiotics were tested using the Vitek 2 automated system. The susceptibility to fosfomycin was compared between agar dilution (reference method) and the gradient diffusion method. We assessed the agreement rates and errors between the two approaches by analyzing the MIC data. Results Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (98.7%) and Enterococcus faecalis (80.0%) exhibited high fosfomycin susceptibility rates, whereas Enterococcus faecium exhibited a lower susceptibility rate (38.5%). The gradient diffusion method demonstrated unacceptably low essential agreement (EA) rates (>90%) but acceptable categorical agreement (CA) rates (≥ 90%) for S. pseudintermedius (83.54% EA and 97.47% CA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) such as Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus simulans (85.00% EA and 95.00% CA). Enterococcus spp. had an acceptable EA of 93.75%, but an unacceptably low CA rate of 82.81%, with a minor error rate of 17.19%. No significant errors were observed for Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. Conclusion The gradient diffusion method reliably determines MICs and interpretative breakpoints (S, I, R) for S. pseudintermedius. However, its applicability to CoNS and enterococci may be limited due to unacceptable errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Jariyapamornkoon
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Pongthai Boonkam
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipattra Suanpairintr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Teng L, Feng M, Liao S, Zheng Z, Jia C, Zhou X, Nambiar RB, Ma Z, Yue M. A Cross-Sectional Study of Companion Animal-Derived Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Hangzhou, China. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0211322. [PMID: 36840575 PMCID: PMC10100847 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02113-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a challenge to global public health, and companion animals could serve as the reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. However, the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and the associated risk factors from companion animals are partially understood. Here, we aim to investigate the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli, as an indicator bacterium, in pet cats and dogs in Hangzhou, China, and evaluate the factors affecting the prevalence of MDR E. coli. The proportion of pets carrying MDR E. coli was 35.77% (49/137), i.e., 40.96% (34/83) for dogs and 27.28% (15/54) for cats. Isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (49.40% and 44.44%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (42.17% and 38.89%), and nalidixic acid (40.96% and 35.19%) were the most prevalent in dogs and cats. Interestingly, comparable prevalence of MDR E. coli was observed in pet dogs and cats regardless of the health condition and the history of antibiotic use. Genetic diversity analysis indicates a total of 86 sequencing types (23 clonal complexes), with ST12 being the most dominant. Further genomic investigation of a carbapenem-resistant E. coli ST410 isolate reveals abundant antimicrobial-resistance genes and a plasmid-borne carbapenemase gene (NDM-5) flanked by insertion sequences of IS91 and IS31, suggesting the plasmid and insertion sequences may be involved in carbapenem-resistance dissemination. These data show that companion animal-derived MDR bacteria could threaten public health, and further regulation and supervision of antimicrobial use in pet clinics should be established in China. IMPORTANCE MDR Escherichia coli are considered a global threat because of the decreasing options for antimicrobial therapy. Companion animals could be a reservoir of MDR E. coli, and the numbers of pets and households owning pets in China are booming. However, the prevalence and risk factors of MDR E. coli carriage in Chinese pets were rarely studied. Here, we investigated the prevalence of MDR E. coli in pets in Hangzhou, one of the leading cities with the most established pet market in China, and explored the factors that affected the prevalence. Our findings showed high prevalences of MDR E. coli in pet dogs and cats regardless of their health condition and the history of antibiotic use, suggesting their potential role of public health risk. A call-to-action for improved regulation of antimicrobial use in companion animal is needed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Teng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Feng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sihao Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Reshma B. Nambiar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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El-Tarabili RM, Ahmed EM, Alharbi NK, Alharbi MA, AlRokban AH, Naguib D, Alhag SK, El Feky TM, Ahmed AE, Mahmoud AE. Prevalence, antibiotic profile, virulence determinants, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes of MDR Proteus spp. isolated from infected dogs. Front Genet 2022; 13:952689. [PMID: 36276974 PMCID: PMC9583872 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and non-β-lactam encoding genes of Proteus species isolated from infected dogs in Ismailia province, Egypt. The study was conducted on 70 fecal swabs collected from dogs with diarrhea for bacteriological identification of Proteus spp. The positive isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, molecular tests of virulence, ESBLs, and non-β-lactam encoding genes. Prevalence of Proteus spp. was 35.7% (25/70), including Proteus mirabilis (n = 23) and Proteus vulgaris (n = 2). The Proteus spp. prevalence revealed diversity, higher in males than females, in ages < 12 weeks. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance was found against penicillin and amoxicillin (100%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (32%), cephalosporins: cefotaxime and ceftazidime (36%), and monobactam: aztreonam (28%) as ESBLs, in addition to tetracycline (32%) and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (100%). The strains retrieved by PCR revealed ureC, zapA, and rsbA virulence genes with variant prevalence as 92%, 60%, and 52%, respectively. In addition, the recovered strains contained ESBL genes with a dramatic variable prevalence of 100%, 92%, 36%, and 32%, to blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA-1, respectively, and non β-lactam encoding genes with a prevalence of 100%, 48%, 44%, 20%, and 12%, to sul1, tetA, intI1, qnrA, and aadA1. Moreover, 28% (7/25) of recovering strains were MDR (multidrug-resistant) up to four classes of antimicrobials, and 48% (12/25) of the examined strains were MDR up to three antimicrobial classes. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, our study could be the first report recording MDR Proteus spp. in dogs in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Elsayyad M Ahmed
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada K Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam H AlRokban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Naguib
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sadeq K Alhag
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer Mohamed El Feky
- Animal Health Research Institute(AHRI), Mansoura laboratory Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Mahmoud
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Yudhanto S, Hung CC, Maddox CW, Varga C. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From Canine Urine Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Illinois, United States. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:867784. [PMID: 35601398 PMCID: PMC9114880 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in dogs constitutes a threat to animal and human health. There is a lack of studies in Illinois that evaluated the prevalence of AMR among urinary bacterial pathogens. In the study, we included 803 isolates (299 Gram-positive and 504 Gram-negative) that were isolated from 2,583 canine urine samples submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, the University of Illinois between 2019 and 2020 from dogs suspected of urinary tract infections (UTI). The most common Gram-positive isolates included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (17.93%), Enterococcus faecalis (9.46%), Streptococcus canis (6.10%), and Enterococcus faecium (3.74%), while Gram-negative isolates included Escherichia coli (45.58%), Proteus mirabilis (11.08%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.99%). Among the Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates showed a very high prevalence of resistance to penicillin (56.94%), a high prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (31.94%), enrofloxacin (29.17%), and oxacillin (27.08%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli isolates showed a high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin (31.42%). Considering the high prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials commonly used to treat UTI in dogs, urine samples should be collected for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing before treatment initiation to prevent treatment failures and the development of multidrug resistance. Given the possibility of zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, veterinarians when treating UTI cases, should inform dog owners of the potential transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Chien-Che Hung
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Csaba Varga
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Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Vega S, Montoro-Dasi L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals: A New Challenge for the One Health Approach in the European Union. Vet Sci 2022; 9:208. [PMID: 35622736 PMCID: PMC9146952 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the increase in multi-resistant bacteria are among the most important threats to public health worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Moreover, this issue is underpinned by the One Health perspective, due to the ability of AMR to be transmitted between animals and humans living in the same environment. Therefore, since 2014 different surveillance and control programmes have been established to control AMR in commensal and zoonotic bacteria in production animals. However, public health authorities' reports on AMR leave out companion animals, due to the lack of national programmes and data collection by countries. This missing information constitutes a serious public health concern due to the close contact between companion animals, humans and their surrounding environment. This absence of control and harmonisation between programmes in European countries leads to the ineffectiveness of antibiotics against common diseases. Thus, there is a pressing need to establish adequate surveillance and monitoring programmes for AMR in companion animals and further develop alternatives to antibiotic use in this sector, considering the impact this could have on the gut microbiota. In this context, the aim of this review is to evaluate the current control and epidemiological situations of AMR in companion animals in the European Union (EU), as well as the proposed alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain; (A.M.-F.); (C.M.); (L.L.-R.); (L.M.-D.)
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