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Cherneva I, Ellison CI, Zattara EE, Norenburg JL, Schwartz ML, Junoy J, Maslakova SA. Seven new species of Tetranemertes Chernyshev, 1992 (Monostilifera, Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from the Caribbean Sea, western Pacific, and Arabian Sea, and revision of the genus. Zookeys 2023; 1181:167-200. [PMID: 37841031 PMCID: PMC10570821 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1181.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine ribbon worm genus Tetranemertes Chernyshev, 1992 currently includes three species: the type species T.antonina (Quatrefages, 1846) from the Mediterranean Sea, T.rubrolineata (Kirsteuer, 1965) from Madagascar, and T.hermaphroditica (Gibson, 1982) from Australia. Seven new species are described: T.bifrostsp. nov., T.ocelatasp. nov., T.majinbuuisp. nov., and T.pastafariensissp. nov. from the Caribbean Sea (Panamá), and three species, T.unistriatasp. nov., T.paulayisp. nov., and T.arabicasp. nov., from the Indo-West Pacific (Japan and Oman). As a result, an amended morphological diagnosis of the genus is offered. To improve nomenclatural stability, a neotype of Tetranemertesantonina is designated from the Mediterranean. The newly described species, each characterized by features of external appearance and stylet apparatus, as well as by DNA-barcodes, form a well-supported clade with T.antonina on a molecular phylogeny of monostiliferan hoplonemerteans based on partial sequences of COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and 28S rRNA. Six of the seven newly described species, as well as T.rubrolineata, possess the unusual character of having a central stylet basis slightly bilobed to deeply forked posteriorly in fully grown individuals, a possible morphological synapomorphy of the genus. In addition, an undescribed species of Tetranemertes is reported from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (Panamá), increasing the total number of known species in the genus to eleven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Cherneva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, RussiaMoscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Christina I. Ellison
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology and Biology Department, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USAUniversity of OregonCharlestonUnited States of America
| | - Eduardo E. Zattara
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Bariloche, ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional del ComahueBarilocheArgentina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USADepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Jon L. Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USADepartment of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Megan L. Schwartz
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USAUniversity of WashingtonTacomaUnited States of America
| | - Juan Junoy
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, SpainUniversidad de AlcaláAlcala de HenaresSpain
| | - Svetlana A. Maslakova
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology and Biology Department, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USAUniversity of OregonCharlestonUnited States of America
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DNA barcoding reveals hidden nemertean diversity from the marine protected area Namuncurá–Burdwood Bank, Southwestern Atlantic. Polar Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Kajihara H, Ganaha I, Kohtsuka H. Lineid Heteronemerteans (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Sagami Bay, Japan, with Some Proposals for the Family-Level Classification System. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:62-80. [PMID: 35106994 DOI: 10.2108/zs210059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequence data from five genes (16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3) determined from 36 specimens representing 25 (10 named, 15 unnamed) species of lineid heteronemerteans collected in Sagami Bay, Japan, along with other sequences obtained from public databases. External features of the 25 species are briefly described and illustrated. Lineus fuscoviridis Takakura, 1898 is transferred to Notospermus Huschke, 1830. Our molecular analysis indicated that one of our Notospermus specimens from Sagami Bay and material previously collected from the Seto Inland Sea are conspecific with Notospermus geniculatus (Delle Chiaje, 1822) s. str. [the year of publication is not 1828 as previously regarded], originally described from Naples, Italy. The new species Siphonenteron nakanoi is established; our tree shows it as the sister taxon to Siphonenteron bilineatum Renier in Meneghini, 1847; it differs from the latter in having more diffuse, scattered yellow pigmentation at the anterolateral margin of the head on each side. Pros and cons of lumping and splitting Lineidae in future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan,
| | - Ikumasa Ganaha
- Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kohtsuka
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
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OUP accepted manuscript. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ikenaga J, Kajihara H, Yoshida M. Kulikovia alborostrata and Kulikovia fulva comb. nov. (Nemertea: Heteronemertea) are Sister Species with Prezygotic Isolating Barriers. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:193-202. [PMID: 33812359 DOI: 10.2108/zs200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The heteronemertean Kulikovia alborostrata (Takakura, 1898) was originally described as Lineus alborostratus based on material from Misaki, Japan. Although this species was regarded as consisting of two color variants, purple and brown-yellow, the identity of these variants has never been examined based on topotypes. In this study, we performed a multi-locus phylogeny reconstruction, species delimitation analyses, and cross-fertilization experiments to examine the species status of Takakura's original taxon concept consisting of these color variants. Our results suggest that the purple type is identical to Lineus alborostratus Takakura, 1898 auct. (currently Kulikovia alborostrata), whereas the brown-yellow type is conspecific with Lineus fulvus Iwata, 1954, originally established from Hokkaido. These two species appear to have a sister-taxon relationship and are reproductively isolated from each other by prezygotic mechanisms involving gamete incompatibility, minimally separated with 2.8% (16S rRNA) and 14.4% (COI) uncorrected p-distances. We propose that the purple type be considered as representing the true identity of the nominal species Lineus alborostratus (currently assigned to the genus Kulikovia) to maintain the common usage of the name. Although Takakura's type material is not extant, we consider that neotypification is unnecessary in this case because no taxonomic/nomenclatural confusion persists. We also propose to transfer Lineus fulvus to yield Kulikovia fulva comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Ikenaga
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0180, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Misaki, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan,
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Mendes CB, Delaney P, Turbeville JM, Hiebert T, Maslakova S. Redescription of Emplectonema viride - a ubiquitous intertidal hoplonemertean found along the West Coast of North America. Zookeys 2021; 1031:1-17. [PMID: 33958905 PMCID: PMC8060244 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1031.59361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emplectonema viride Stimpson, 1857, a barnacle predator, is one of the most common and conspicuous intertidal nemerteans found along the West Coast of North America from Alaska to California, but it is currently referred to by the wrong name. Briefly described without designation of type material or illustrations, the species was synonymized with the Atlantic look-alike, Emplectonema gracile (Johnston, 1837) by Coe. Here we present morphological and molecular evidence that E. viride is distinct from E. gracile. The two species exhibit differences in color of live specimens and egg size and are clearly differentiated with species delimitation analyses based on sequences of the partial regions of the 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes. In order to improve nomenclatural stability, we re-describe E. viride based on specimens from the southern coast of Oregon and discuss which species should be the type species of the genus. Emplectonema viride was one of the two species originally included in the genus Emplectonema Stimpson, 1857, but subsequent synonymization of E. viride with E. gracile resulted in acceptance of the Atlantic species, E. gracile, as the type species of the genus. We resurrect E. viride Stimpson, 1857 and following Corrêa's designation, this should be the type species of the genus Emplectonema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecili B. Mendes
- Laboratório de Diversidade Genômica, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversity of OregonCharlestonUnited States of America
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USAUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Paul Delaney
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondUnited States of America
| | - James M. Turbeville
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USAVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondUnited States of America
| | - Terra Hiebert
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USAUniversity of OregonEugeneUnited States of America
| | - Svetlana Maslakova
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, OR, USAUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Hookabe N, Xu CM, Tsuyuki A, Jimi N, Sun SC, Kajihara H. A new nemertean with a branched proboscis, Gorgonorhynchus citrinus sp. nov. (Nemertea: Pilidiophora), with molecular systematics of the genus. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among ~1300 species of world nemerteans, seven species in five genera of lineid heteronemerteans have been known to possess a branched proboscis. In this paper, we describe the eighth branched-proboscis species: Gorgonorhynchus citrinus sp. nov. from Okinawa, Japan. We also report Gorgonorhynchus cf. repens Dakin & Fordham, 1931 with uniformly orange body, as a new member for the Japanese nemertean fauna. We infer the phylogenetic relationships between these forms and other members of Lineidae McIntosh, 1874 for which partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, and the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3 genes are available in public databases, along with newly sequenced data of another branched-proboscis heteronemertean, Polydendrorhynchus zhanjiangensis (Yin & Zheng, 1984) from China. In the resulting tree, Gorgonorhychus Dakin & Fordham, 1931 was sister group to non-branched-proboscis Dushia Corrêa, 1963, whereas P. zhanjiangensis was sister group to likewise non-branched-proboscis Cerebratulus lacteus (Leidy, 1851).
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:685992C5-F595-4C28-9178-256D945E595A
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Mendes CB, Norenburg JL, Andrade SCS. Species delimitation integrative approach reveals three new species in the Nemertopsis bivittata complex. INVERTEBR SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/is20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cryptic species is fairly frequent in many invertebrate groups and even more so among invertebrates with simple morphology, such as nemerteans. Consequently, the use of molecular methods for species delimitation has become a needed tool to complement morphological analyses to better recognise such species. Nemertopsis bivittata is one example of species with subtle morphological variation, but ample geographic distribution, being a good candidate for a species complex study. Here we applied two mitochondrial genes, and 2903 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in addition to morphological characters to investigate the presence of cryptic species among specimens previously identified as N. bivittata along the Brazilian Coast. To do so, specimens were collected at 15 different sites in the north-east, south-east and southern regions. Three new species of Nemertopsis are described based on morphological and molecular analyses: Nemertopsis caete sp. nov., Nemertopsis pamelaroeae sp. nov. and Nemertopsis berthalutzae sp. nov. The species N. pamelaroeae and N. berthalutzae present broad distributions from north-east to south-east; N. caete, however, is restricted to the north-east coast. This is the first study to use this combined approach in nemerteans and shows the advantages of integrating genomic markers with classical taxonomy, and applying objective approaches to delimiting species as independently evolving entities.
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Nam SE, Rhee JS. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the marine ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (nemertea: Palaeonemertea). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1756967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Nam
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Park T, Lee SH, Sun SC, Kajihara H. Morphological and molecular study on Yininemertespratensis (Nemertea, Pilidiophora, Heteronemertea) from the Han River Estuary, South Korea, and its phylogenetic position within the family Lineidae. Zookeys 2019; 852:31-51. [PMID: 31210741 PMCID: PMC6561998 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.852.32602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of ribbon worms observed in 2013, 2015, and 2017-2019 in the Han River Estuary, South Korea, have caused damage to local glass-eel fisheries. The Han River ribbon worms have been identified as Yininemertespratensis (Sun & Lu, 1998) based on not only morphological characteristics compared with the holotype and paratype specimens, but also DNA sequence comparison with topotypes freshly collected near the Yangtze River mouth, China. Using sequences of six gene markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, histone H4, 16S rRNA, and COI), the phylogenetic position of Y.pratensis was inferred among other heteronemerteans based on their sequences obtained from public databases. This analysis firmly placed Y.pratensis as a close relative to Apatronemertesalbimaculosa Wilfert & Gibson, 1974, which has been reported from aquarium tanks containing tropical freshwater plants in various parts of the world as well as a wild environment in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseo Park
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, KoreaNational Institute of Biological ResourcesIncheonSouth Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Secheon, KoreaNational Marine Biodiversity Institute of KoreaSecheonSouth Korea
| | - Shi-Chun Sun
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, ChinaUniversity of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, JapanHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Sagorny C, Wesseler C, Krämer D, von Döhren J. Assessing the diversity and distribution of Cephalothrix
species (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) in European waters by comparing different species delimitation methods. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sagorny
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Carina Wesseler
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Daria Krämer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Jörn von Döhren
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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Taboada S, Leiva C, Junoy J, Alexander F, Riesgo A. A new member of the genus Antarctonemertes (Hoplonemertea, Nemertea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gonzalez-Cueto J, Castro LR, Quiroga S. Nipponnemertes incainca sp. n. Adoption of the new taxonomic proposal for nemerteans (Nemertea, Cratenemertidae). Zookeys 2017:1-15. [PMID: 29133991 PMCID: PMC5672739 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.693.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species Nipponemertesincainca is described from the intertidal zone of Santa Marta, Colombia. A new recent approach based on both morphological and molecular characters is applied for the description. The main characteristics of the species are: red color, head shield-shaped with a mid-dorsal cephalic ridge, furrows pre-cerebral inconspicuous with few faint ridges orthogonal to furrow axis, two irregular groups of eyespots situated at lateral margins in precerebral cephalic region, proboscis provided with papillae and 12 nerves, stylet smooth supported on an oval basis, and two pouches containing 3–4 accessory stylets each. The sequence of the COI gene was analyzed as an additional support for the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gonzalez-Cueto
- Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22 - 08, Santa Marta D.T.C.H. Magdalena, Colombia. 470004
| | - Lyda R Castro
- Grupo de Investigación GIESEMOL, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22 - 08, Santa Marta D.T.C.H. Magdalena, Colombia. 470004
| | - Sigmer Quiroga
- Grupo de Investigación MIKU, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No 22 - 08, Santa Marta D.T.C.H. Magdalena, Colombia. 470004
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Dhar B, Ghosh SK. Mini-DNA barcode in identification of the ornamental fish: A case study from Northeast India. Gene 2017; 627:248-254. [PMID: 28652184 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ornamental fishes were exported under the trade names or generic names, thus creating problems in species identification. In this regard, DNA barcoding could effectively elucidate the actual species status. However, the problem arises if the specimen is having taxonomic disputes, falsified by trade/generic names, etc., On the other hand, barcoding the archival museum specimens would be of greater benefit to address such issues as it would create firm, error-free reference database for rapid identification of any species. This can be achieved only by generating short sequences as DNA from chemically preserved are mostly degraded. Here we aimed to identify a short stretch of informative sites within the full-length barcode segment, capable of delineating diverse group of ornamental fish species, commonly traded from NE India. We analyzed 287 full-length barcode sequences from the major fish orders and compared the interspecific K2P distance with nucleotide substitutions patterns and found a strong correlation of interspecies distance with transversions (0.95, p<0.001). We, therefore, proposed a short stretch of 171bp (transversion rich) segment as mini-barcode. The proposed segment was compared with the full-length barcodes and found to delineate the species effectively. Successful PCR amplification and sequencing of the 171bp segment using designed primers for different orders validated it as mini-barcodes for ornamental fishes. Thus, our findings would be helpful in strengthening the global database with the sequence of archived fish species as well as an effective identification tool of the traded ornamental fish species, as a less time consuming, cost effective field-based application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Dhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Sankar Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India; University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Krämer D, Schmidt C, Podsiadlowski L, Beckers P, Horn L, von Döhren J. Unravelling theLineus ruber/viridisspecies complex (Nemertea, Heteronemertea). ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Krämer
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Patrick Beckers
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Lisa Horn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jörn von Döhren
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 1 DE-53121 Bonn Germany
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