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Do EH, Kwon HI, Yeo JH, Quintela-Alonso P, Jung JH. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Euplotes baugilensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), with an illustrated key to Euplotes species with reduced cirri. Eur J Protistol 2024; 95:126110. [PMID: 39180835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2024.126110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Euplotes baugilensis n. sp. was discovered in a temporary puddle that formed after rainfall on a mountain footpath near Gangneung-Wonju National University in Gangneung, South Korea. After isolation, a pure culture was established, and the new species was examined using live observation, silver-impregnation (protargol and 'wet' silver nitrate), scanning electron microscopy, and the analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence. Morphologically, E. baugilensis n. sp. is characterized by small body size (on average 49 × 31 µm in vivo), 9 ordinary fronto-ventral cirri (cirrotype-9) with one reduced cirrus V/2 (composed of four non-ciliated basal bodies), 5 transverse cirri, 7 or 8 dorsolateral kineties, 6 dorsal prominent ridges, and a dargyrome (silverline system) of double type. In this study, we have used a combination of morphological and molecular techniques to characterize E. baugilensis n. sp. and determine its phylogenetic position within the genus Euplotes. Molecular analysis using 18S rRNA gene sequences indicated that E. baugilensis n. sp. is most closely related to E. curdsi (with a sequence identity of 96.8 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Do
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-In Kwon
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Yeo
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pablo Quintela-Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Omar A, Moon JH, Jung JH. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two hypotrichous ciliates (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from South Korea, including Hemiurosomoida koreana n. sp. Eur J Protistol 2024; 92:126045. [PMID: 38100885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.126045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The living morphology, infraciliature, and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate, Hemiurosomoida koreana n. sp., discovered in a sample collected from a mountain in the northeast of South Korea, were investigated. The new species possesses the characteristics of the genus Hemiurosomoida, i.e., a reduced number of frontal-ventral-transverse cirri, three dorsal kineties of which kineties 1 and 2 each bears a caudal cirrus, and a single dorsomarginal kinety. It is distinguishable from congeners and other similar species by at least one distinct qualitative or quantitative character including the body size, the presence and arrangement of cortical granules, the number of adoral membranelles, marginal cirri, and dorsal dikinetids, or by the arrangement of transverse cirri. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences also support the assignment of the new species to the non-monophyletic genus Hemiurosomoida. In addition, the living morphology, infraciliature, and the 18S rRNA gene sequence of a Korean population of Nothoholosticha flava were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Omar
- Natural Science Research Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Moon
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea.
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Omar A, Jang SW, Jung JH. Polymorphism, gigantism, and cannibalism, one stylonychid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) to rule them all. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159634. [PMID: 37266009 PMCID: PMC10229871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology, ontogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of the polymorphic and cannibalistic giant forming Tetmemena polymorpha n. sp., found in a brackish water sample in South Korea, were investigated. The present species has long been misidentified as "Oxytricha bifaria." The new investigation shows that the species produces three morphologically different morphs. The small morph is bacterivorous and characterized by its small body size and slim body and it is found only in the stationary and decline phases of the culture. The large morph has a wide body, larger oral apparatus, and feeds on small eukaryotes such as yeast cells and small ciliates. It divides very quickly and produces the other two morphs and found in the exponential phase of the cultures. The giant morph is characterized by its huge body and oral apparatus. It feeds on the small morph cells of the same species and other ciliates, and occurs together with the small morph. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences show that the new species is placed in a sister subclade to that containing other Tetmemena sequences. Moreover, Tetmemena indica Bharti et al., 2019 nov. stat. is raised to species level based on the differences in the cyst morphology and the dorsal ciliature to the authoritative Tetmemena pustulata population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Omar
- Natural Science Research Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Jang
- Protist Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Cinetochilides minimus sp. nov., a Tiny Benthic Ciliate (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Brackish Water in Korea. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During a field survey of Korean marine and brackish water ciliate diversity, we collected a tiny benthic ciliate (13–18 µm long in vivo) from the opening of a brackish water lagoon (10‰). At low magnification, it resembles members of the genus Aspidisca because of the oval body shape and the benthic life style, but is not thigmotactic. Based on the observations of living cells, silver-impregnated specimens (i.e., using protargol, silver carbonate, and wet silver nitrate), SEM images, and the 18S rRNA gene sequences, we confirmed that it is a new member of the genus Cinetochilides. The new species, C. minimus sp. nov., can be easily distinguished from other congeners mainly by the fragmented somatic kinety 1. In spite of the small size, the new species has more than 200 basal bodies, including those in the oral apparatus. The arrangement of the ciliary pattern is rather confusing because of the polymerized kinetids, the sparse basal bodies, the non-ciliated area on the dorsal side, and the presence of parasomal sacs next to the kinetosomes. In the present study, we provide a detailed morphological description and infer the phylogenetic position of Cinetochilides minimus sp. nov. based on 18S rRNA gene sequences.
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Smith SA, Santoferrara LF, Katz LA, McManus GB. Genome architecture used to supplement species delineation in two cryptic marine ciliates. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2880-2896. [PMID: 35675173 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine which taxonomic methods can elucidate clear and quantifiable differences between two cryptic ciliate species, and to test the utility of genome architecture as a new diagnostic character in the discrimination of otherwise indistinguishable taxa. Two cryptic tintinnid ciliates, Schmidingerella arcuata and Schmidingerella meunieri, are compared via traditional taxonomic characters including lorica morphometrics, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene barcodes and ecophysiological traits. In addition, single-cell 'omics analyses (single-cell transcriptomics and genomics) are used to elucidate and compare patterns of micronuclear genome architecture between the congeners. The results include a highly similar lorica that is larger in S. meunieri, a 0%-0.5% difference in rRNA gene barcodes, two different and nine indistinguishable growth responses among 11 prey treatments, and distinct patterns of micronuclear genomic architecture for genes detected in both ciliates. Together, these results indicate that while minor differences exist between S. arcuata and S. meunieri in common indices of taxonomic identification (i.e., lorica morphology, DNA barcode sequences and ecophysiology), differences exist in their genomic architecture, which suggests potential genetic incompatibility. Different patterns of micronuclear architecture in genes shared by both isolates also enable the design of species-specific primers, which are used in this study as unique "architectural barcodes" to demonstrate the co-occurrence of both ciliates in samples collected from a NW Atlantic estuary. These results support the utility of genomic architecture as a tool in species delineation, especially in ciliates that are cryptic or otherwise difficult to differentiate using traditional methods of identification.
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Omar A, Moon JH, Jung JH. Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Trachelophyllid Ciliates, Monolamellophrya terricola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Trachelophyllum parapiculatum sp. nov. (Litostomatea, Haptoria), From South Korea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:893886. [PMID: 35733971 PMCID: PMC9207515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.893886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new ciliates, Monolamellophrya terricola gen. nov., sp. nov. and Trachelophyllum parapiculatum sp. nov., discovered in South Korea, were investigated. The two species belong to the suborder Trachelophyllina, which is characterized by the presence of a mucilaginous layer containing lepidosomes covering the cortex. Monolamellophrya terricola gen. nov., sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of a single layer of type II lepidosomes, representing a new genus. Trachelophyllum parapiculatum sp. nov. has only type I lepidosomes covering the cortex, a generic character of the genus Trachelophyllum, and is distinguished from other congeners by a combination of morphological features, including the 15–24 μm long rod-shaped extrusomes, the 9–13 ciliary rows, the 7–11 and 17–25 dikinetids in brush rows 1 and 2, respectively, and the bipolar brush row 3. Furthermore, the 18S rRNA gene sequences of the two new species were provided. The phylogenetic analyses show that the sequence of M. terricola gen. nov., sp. nov. clusters with two other trachelophyllid sequences, and the sequence of T. parapiculatum sp. nov. is placed at the base of these three sequences with full support. Furthermore, the four trachelophyllid sequences that are available so far form a monophyletic clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Omar
- Natural Science Research Institute, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- Department of Zoology, Al Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ji Hye Moon
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae-Ho Jung
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Xu J, Han J, Su H, Zhu C, Quan Z, Wu L, Yi Z. Diversity Patterns of Protists Are Highly Affected by Methods Disentangling Biological Variants: A Case Study in Oligotrich (s.l.) Ciliates. Microorganisms 2022; 10:913. [PMID: 35630359 PMCID: PMC9147439 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protists are a dominant group in marine microplankton communities and play important roles in energy flux and nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. Environmental sequences produced by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods are increasingly used for inferring the diversity and distribution patterns of protists. However, studies testing whether methods disentangling biological variants affect the diversity and distribution patterns of protists using field samples are insufficient. Oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates are one group of the abundant and dominant planktonic protists in coastal waters and open oceans. Using oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates in field samples as an example, the present study indicates that DADA2 performs better than SWARM, UNOISE, UPARSE, and UCLUST for inferring diversity patterns of oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates in the Pearl River Estuary and surrounding regions. UPARSE and UNOISE might underestimate species richness. SWARM might not be suitable for the resolution of alpha diversity owing to its rigorous clustering and sensitivity to sequence variations. UCLUST with 99% clustering threshold overestimates species richness, and the beta diversity pattern inferred by DADA2 is more reasonable than that of the other methods. Additionally, salinity is shown to be one of the key factors responsible for variations in the community distribution of ciliates, but infrequent marine-freshwater transitions occurred during evolutionary terms of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
| | - Jianlin Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
| | - Hua Su
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zijing Quan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (J.X.); (J.H.); (H.S.); (C.Z.); (Z.Q.); (L.W.)
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He J, Jiang J, Agatha S, Pan H. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the freshwater tintinnid Tintinnopsis tubuformis Chiang, 1956 (Ciliophora, Oligotrichea) and a proposed synonymization of T. longa nom. corr. Chiang, 1956. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12918. [PMID: 35466480 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tintinnid ciliates are traditionally identified by their loricae; however, increasing evidence indicates that some lorica features (e.g., its length, spiralled structures) are not reliable. The vast majority of tintinnids inhabit the marine pelagial; merely, about thirty species live in freshwater. In the present study, two morphotypes with similar lorica shapes and opening diameters but deviating lorica lengths were isolated from freshwater samples collected at different water temperatures near Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China. The specimens were studied in vivo and after protargol staining, and their phylogenetic placement was inferred from three ribosomal RNA markers; further, cell division was investigated in the short morphotype. Based on the original descriptions, the longer morphotype is identified as Tintinnopsis longa nom. corr. Chiang, 1956 and the shorter one as Tintinnopsis tubuformis Chiang, 1956. Despite distinct differences in the lorica lengths, the identity of the three molecular markers in both morphotypes suggests conspecificity, which is supported by overlapping ranges in the lorica opening diameters and the length-independent features of the somatic ciliary pattern (e.g., number of kineties). Hence, we synonymised T. longa nom. corr. with T. tubuformis and neotypified the later species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialian He
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiamei Jiang
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Sabine Agatha
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hongbo Pan
- Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University
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Agatha S, Bartel H. A comparative ultrastructural study of tintinnid loricae (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Spirotricha) and a hypothesis on their evolution. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12877. [PMID: 34850491 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tintinnid ciliates build loricae, whose structure, shape, and size still largely represent the basis for taxonomy and classification, although genetic analyses demonstrated their limited utility for inferring evolutionary relationships. The textures of the lorica walls, however, result from the chemical and physical properties of the forming material, which is supposed to be rather conserved in closely related taxa, viz., congeners and confamilial genera. Within a particular texture, small deviations in the chemical composition might affect the wall's stickiness and accordingly its capability to adhere foreign particles, explaining the intertwining of tintinnids with hyaline and agglutinated loricae in phylogenetic inferences. In a comprehensive comparative study, the lorica textures were electron microscopically and morphometrically analyzed in 21 species from 17 genera and more than nine families together with literature data. Most species were investigated for the first time, and the taxa cover a substantial portion of the molecular genealogy. The phylogeny-aware analysis of the lorica-related features provides a preliminary hypothesis on lorica evolution. Eventually, this conspectus suggests the dominance of hard lorica walls with an alveolar texture and proposes different modes of lorica formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Agatha
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heidi Bartel
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Wang R, Bai Y, Hu T, Xu D, Suzuki T, Hu X. Integrative taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of three poorly known tintinnine ciliates, with the establishment of a new genus (Protista; Ciliophora; Oligotrichea). BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:115. [PMID: 34187356 PMCID: PMC8243829 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The taxonomic classification of the suborder Tintinnina Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, a species-rich group of planktonic ciliated protistans with a characteristic lorica, has long been ambiguous largely due to the lack of cytological and molecular data for most species. Tintinnopsis is the largest, most widespread, and most taxonomically complex genus within this group with about 170 species occurring in nearshore waters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that Tintinnopsis is polyphyletic. RESULTS Here we document the live morphology, infraciliature, gene sequences, and habitat characteristics of three poorly known tintinnine species, viz. Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896, Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, and Tintinnopsis tocantinensis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929, isolated from the coastal waters of China. Based on a unique cytological feature (i.e., an elongated ciliary tuft with densely arranged kinetids) in the former two species, Antetintinnopsis gen. nov. is erected with Antetintinnopsis hemispiralis (Yin, 1956) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis hemispiralis Yin, 1956) designated as the type species. Moreover, A. karajacensis (Brandt, 1896) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis karajacensis Brandt, 1896) and A. gracilis (Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) comb. nov. (original combination: Tintinnopsis gracilis Kofoid & Campbell, 1929) are placed in a highly supported clade that branches separately from Tintinnopsis clades in phylogenetic trees based on SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequence data, thus supporting the establishment of the new genus. One other species is assigned to Antetintinnopsis gen. nov., namely A. subacuta (Jörgensen, 1899) comb. nov. (original combination Tintinnopsis subacuta Jörgensen, 1899). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the phylogenetic analyses support the assertion that cytological characters are taxonomically informative for tintinnines. This study also contributes to the broadening of our understanding of the tintinnine biodiversity and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dapeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Toshikazu Suzuki
- Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Xiaozhong Hu
- College of Fisheries, & Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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11
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Dolan JR, Moon JK, Yang EJ. Notes on the Occurrence of Tintinnid Ciliates, and the Nasselarian Radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa of the Marine Microzooplankton, in the Chukchi Sea (Arctic Ocean) Sampled each August from 2011 to 2020. ACTA PROTOZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.21.001.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we summarize the results from 10 cruises in the Chukchi Sea, in August, each year from 2011 to 2020. Samples for the qualitative analysis of the microzooplankton were obtained from stations located across the Chukchi Sea using a 20μm plankton net. Conditions encountered, in terms of sea ice coverage and chlorophyll concentrations, varied widely from year to year without any obvious relationship with the composition of the microzooplankton assemblage. Examining a total of 242 samples gathered, we found a total of 44 tintinnid species (morphologically distinct forms). Plotting cumulative number of tintinnid species encountered vs cumulative number of samplings gave a typical species accumulation curve showing no sign of saturation suggesting that continued sampling in the Chukchi Sea will likely yield increases in the tintinnid species catalogue. The tintinnid species found ranged widely in lorica opening diameters (LOD) from about 11 μm to 80 μm in diameter. However, the median size of the LOD of the tintinnid assemblages varied little from year to year ranging only from about 30 μm to 40 μm. Most of the forms encountered were found in samples from only 1 or 2 cruises. Very few forms were found every year throughout the 10 years of sampling. These were 5 species of tintinnids (Acanthostomella norvegica, Leprotintinnus pellucidus, Pytchocylis obtusa, Salpingella acuminata, Salpingella faurei) and the nasselarian radiolarian Amphimelissa setosa. Examples of the morphological variability observed among individuals of Acanthostomella norvegica and Pytchocylis obtusa within single samples are shown with some individuals easily confused with forms described as other species are shown. To our knowledge, our data are the most extensive data set on Chukchi Sea microplankton. We provide all of the data recorded, which may serve as a baseline from which to assess changes projected in Arctic Sea systems, in a supplementary data file.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Dolan
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-Mer, CNRS and Sorbonne Université UMR 7093, Station Zoologique
| | - Jong-Kuk Moon
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute
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12
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Agatha S, Utz LRP, Zufall RA, Warren A. Symposium on Ciliates in Memory of Denis Lynn. Eur J Protistol 2020; 78:125694. [PMID: 33500175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Denis Lynn (1947-2018) was an outstanding protistologist, applying multiple techniques and data sources and thus pioneering an integrative approach in order to investigate ciliate biology. For example, he recognized the importance of the ultrastructure for inferring ciliate phylogeny, based on which he developed his widely accepted classification scheme for the phylum Ciliophora. In this paper, recent findings regarding the evolution and systematics of both peritrichs and the mainly marine planktonic oligotrichean spirotrichs are discussed and compared with the concepts and hypotheses formulated by Denis Lynn. Additionally, the state of knowledge concerning the diversity of ciliates in bromeliad phytotelmata and amitosis in ciliates is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Agatha
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Laura R P Utz
- School of Health and Life Sciences, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rebecca A Zufall
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
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13
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Vertical distribution of oceanic tintinnid (Ciliophora: Tintinnida) assemblages from the Bering Sea to Arctic Ocean through Bering Strait. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Jung JH, Omar A, Kim KS, Kang SC, Kwak DY, Sun JH, Min GS. A study on the non-monophyletic genera Australothrix and Holostichides based on multigene and morphological analyses with a reexamination of type materials (Protozoa: Ciliophora). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106538. [PMID: 31220579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a study of ciliate diversity, we collected two new species of the genera Australothrix and Holostichides. Based on nuclear ribosomal genes, our study shows that these two genera are genetically non-monophyletic. To clarify the issues of the non-monophyly, we reexamined type material of H. heterotypicus, H. terrae, and Birojimia soyaensis. Based on multigene and morphometric analyses, Australothrix and Holostichides are clearly non-monophyletic even in mitochondrial CO1 gene trees. The multigene analyses show a clade composed of A. lineae sp. nov., H. terrae, and B. soyaensis, suggesting that a cytopharynx with argyrophilic structures might be their synapomorphy. A list of species with this type of cytopharynx is provided for further studies to either accept or reject this hypothesis. Based on the reexamination, we discriminate the morphologically nearly identical (cryptic/sibling) species H. obliquocirratus sp. nov. from H. heterotypicus and they show significant genetic dissimilarities in the multigene trees. They showed only few morphological (non-quantitative) differences and thus distinguishing them morphologically needs careful investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea.
| | - Atef Omar
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; Department of Zoology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Kang-San Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chae Kang
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Kwak
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Sun
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sik Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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