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Kuuse AK, Paulander AS, Eulau L. Characteristics and impacts of live music interventions on health and wellbeing for children, families, and health care professionals in paediatric hospitals: a scoping review. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2180859. [PMID: 36880806 PMCID: PMC10013212 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2180859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this scoping review is to compile and examine characteristics and impacts of live music interventions on the health and wellbeing of children, families, and health care professionals in paediatric hospital care. METHODS We searched four scientific databases for peer-reviewed publications of empirical studies of all study designs. The first author screened the publications, with spot-checks for eligibility by the second and third authors. Data extraction and quality assessment were made by the first author with support from the second and third. Additionally, the included studies were screened for quality appraisal. The analysis followed an inductive, interpretive approach for synthesis. RESULTS Quantitative features were screened and compiled, and qualitative inductive analyses of findings were elaborated into categories connected to research questions. The reported impacts were thematized through emergent features of importance and prerequisites beneficial for successful interventions. Recurrent outcomes present themes of positive affect, copingand reduced hospitalization. Emotional regulation, play and participation, age, session design, adaptivity, and familiarity present benefits, barriers, and facilitators for outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings from collected empirical research display philosophy, practice, and relations as keys for characteristics, impacts, and implications of live music interventions in paediatric hospital care. The communicative aspects of music appear at the core of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Kuuse
- Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Paulander
- Royal College of Music in Stockholm, Department of Music Pedagogy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Eulau
- Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Würtz G, Schmidt C, Jensen CS, Teilman G, Konradsen H. Pediatric pain knowledge and attitudes among health care professionals-A National Danish Survey. PAEDIATRIC & NEONATAL PAIN 2023; 5:76-85. [PMID: 37744283 PMCID: PMC10514779 DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aim To explore and compare Danish health-care professionals' attitudes and knowledge towards pain management of children. Methods The cross-sectional study was carried out using the Pediatric Pain Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to all health care professionals caring for children in three hospital settings, including nurses and physicians in departments of pediatric, emergency, and anesthesia and medical laboratory technologists. Results The study was conducted in 2020 and 765 health care professionals participated. Within the six main categories included in the questionnaire, there were significant differences between nurses and physicians in three subcategories: view on the care of children in pain, using drugs to relieve pain, and the four mandatories. Comparing nurses with medical laboratory technicians, there were significant differences in the subcategory "view on the care of children in pain." Comparing types of clinical departments, there were significant differences in the subcategories' view on the care of children in pain, using drugs to relieve pain, and the four mandatories. Overall, we found that the participating health professionals did not have a uniform understanding of pain management and therefore might treat children differently. Conclusion The present study highlights the need to align health care professionals' knowledge regarding pain assessment and management of children, as well as the need to develop and test interventions that support the use of knowledge in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Würtz
- Department of PediatricsHerlev and Gentofte University HospitalHerlevDenmark
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Department of PediatricsHerlev and Gentofte University HospitalHerlevDenmark
| | - Claus Sixtus Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Research Center for Emergency MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Grete Teilman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Nordsjællands HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHillerødDenmark
| | - Hanne Konradsen
- Department of GastroenterologyHerlev and Gentofte University HospitalHerlevDenmark
- Division of Nursing, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Bevacqua M, Sforzi I, Bressan S, Barbi E, Sahyoun C. "Procedural sedation and analgesia in Italian pediatric emergency departments: a subgroup analysis in italian hospitals". Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:23. [PMID: 36793117 PMCID: PMC9933247 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, pain and anxiety are the most common symptoms reported by children who refer to pediatric emergency department. Despite it is well known that the undertreatment of this condition has some negative consequences in a short term and long term of time, gaps in the management of pain in this setting still persist. This subgroup analysis aims to describe the current state of art of pediatric sedation and analgesia in Italian emergency departments and to identify existing gaps to solve. This is a subgroup analysis of a cross-sectional European survey of pediatric emergency departments sedation and analgesia practice undertaken between November 2019 and March 2020. The survey proposed a case vignette and questions addressing several domains, like the management of pain, availability of medications, protocols and safety aspects, staff training and availability of human resources around procedural sedation and analgesia. Italian sites responding to the survey were identified and their data were isolated and checked for completeness. Eighteen Italian sites participated to the study, the 66% of which was represented University Hospitals and/or Tertiary Care Centers. The most concerning results were an inadequate sedation to 27% of patients, lack of availability of certain medications like nitrous oxide, the lack of use of intranasal fentanyl and topical anesthetics at the triage, the rare use of safety protocols and preprocedural checklists, lack of staff training and lack of space. Furthermore, the unavailability of Child Life Specialists and hypnosis emerged. Despite procedural sedation and analgesia in Italian pediatric emergency departments is progressively more used than previously, several aspects still require an implementation. Our subgroup analysis could be a starter point for further studies and to improve and make the current Italian recommendations more homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bevacqua
- University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy.
| | - Idanna Sforzi
- grid.413181.e0000 0004 1757 8562Pediatric Emergency Department and Trauma Center, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bressan
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, Via VIII Febbraio, 2, 35122 Padua, PD Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, TS Italy ,grid.418712.90000 0004 1760 7415Institute for Maternal, Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Via Dell’Istria 65, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cyril Sahyoun
- grid.150338.c0000 0001 0721 9812Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Geneva, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Wauters A, Vervoort T, Noel M, Rheel E, Van Ryckeghem DML. The relation between children's attention bias to pain and children's pain-related memory biases is moderated by parental narrative style. Behav Res Ther 2022; 159:104202. [PMID: 36274512 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Children's heightened attention to pain and parental narrative style have been linked to the development of negatively-biased pain memories in children (i.e., recalling higher levels of pain and fear than initially reported, which robustly predicts maladaptive pain outcomes). However, the interplay between child attention bias and parental narrative style remains to be assessed. This study aims to fill this gap using enhanced paradigms assessing children's cognitive biases for cues signaling actual pain. Healthy school children (N = 63; 9-15 years old) received painful heat stimuli while performing a spatial cueing task measuring attention bias to cues signaling actual pain. Parent-child interaction upon completion of the painful task, was coded for parental narrative style (i.e., elaboration, repetition and evaluation). Children's pain-related memories were elicited two weeks later. Findings indicated that children showed an attention bias to cues signaling pain. Furthermore, children who were hypervigilant to pain cues benefitted from parents elaborating more about the pain experience, while children who avoided pain cues developed more negatively-biased pain memories if parents had a more elaborative style compared to a more evaluative parental style. In conclusion, this study suggests that optimal ways to talk about children's pain depend upon child characteristics (i.e., children's attention bias to pain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Wauters
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tine Vervoort
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Emma Rheel
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Pain in Motion Research Group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dimitri M L Van Ryckeghem
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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5
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The Effect of Robot-Led Distraction during Needle Procedures on Pain-Related Memory Bias in Children with Chronic Diseases: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111762. [PMID: 36421211 PMCID: PMC9688830 DOI: 10.3390/children9111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary clinical impact of robot-led distraction during needle procedures in children with chronic diseases on pain-related memories. Participants were 22 children (8−12 years old) diagnosed with a chronic disease (e.g., chronic immune deficiency) and undergoing a needle procedure as part of their routine treatment. Children were randomized to the experimental group (i.e., robot-led distraction) or control group (i.e., usual care). For feasibility, we evaluated study- and needle-procedure-related characteristics, intervention fidelity and acceptability, and nurse perceptions of the intervention. Primary clinical outcomes included children’s memory bias for pain intensity and pain-related fear (1 week later). Results indicated that intervention components were >90% successful. Overall, the robot-led distraction intervention was perceived highly acceptable by the children, while nurse perceptions were mixed, indicating several challenges regarding the intervention. Preliminary between-group analyses indicated a medium effect size on memory bias for pain intensity (Hedges’ g = 0.70), but only a very small effect size on memory bias for pain-related fear (Hedges’ g = 0.09), in favor of the robot-led distraction intervention. To summarize, while feasible, certain challenges remain to clinically implement robot-led distraction during needle procedures. Further development of the intervention while accounting for individual child preferences is recommended.
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Andersson V, Bergman S, Henoch I, Simonsson H, Ahlberg K. Pain and pain management in children and adolescents receiving hospital care: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:252. [PMID: 35513880 PMCID: PMC9074244 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is a common symptom in children receiving hospital care. Adequate pain management in paediatric patients is of the utmost importance. Few studies have investigated children’s own experiences of pain during hospitalization. Aim To describe the prevalence of pain, self-reported pain intensity at rest and during movement, pain management and compliance with pain treatment guidelines in children and adolescents receiving hospital care. Furthermore, to examine self-reported statements about pain relief and how often staff asked about pain. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study with descriptive statistics as the data analysis method was conducted at a county hospital in western Sweden. Sixty-nine children/adolescents aged 6–18 years who had experienced pain during their hospital stay were included. A structured, verbally administered questionnaire was used to obtain pain reports. The participants were also asked what they considered alleviated pain and how often they told staff about pain. Patient demographics, prescribed analgesics and documentation of pain rating were obtained from medical records. Results Fifty children/adolescents (72%) experienced moderate to severe pain in the previous 24 hours. At the time of the interview 36% reported moderate to severe pain at rest and 58% during movement. Seven participants (10%) reported severe pain both at rest and during movement. About one-third were on a regular multimodal analgesic regimen and 28% had used a validated pain rating scale. Thirty children/adolescents (43%) reported that they had experienced procedural pain in addition to their underlying pain condition. Most of the children/adolescents (74%) reported that analgesics provided pain relief. Forty (58%) stated that various non-pharmacological methods were helpful. Conclusions Despite evidence-based guidelines, half of the children/adolescents experienced moderate to severe pain, highlighting the need for improvement. Pain levels should be assessed both at rest and during movement. Response to treatment should be evaluated to prevent undertreatment of pain. Compliance with guidelines and professional communication are of the utmost importance for pain management in children/adolescents. Non-pharmacological methods are a valuable part of a pain management strategy. This study shows that it is important to evaluate and improve pain care also outside specialised tertiary clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka Andersson
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Medicine, Halland Hospital Varberg, Träslövsvägen 68, 432 37, 432 81, Varberg, SE, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Ingela Henoch
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Angered Local Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Simonsson
- Department of Surgery, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Karin Ahlberg
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lewandowska A, Zych B, Papp K, Zrubcová D, Kadučáková H, Šupínová M, Apay SE, Nagórska M. Problems, Stressors and Needs of Children and Adolescents with Cancer. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121173. [PMID: 34943367 PMCID: PMC8700549 DOI: 10.3390/children8121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer diseases in children and adolescents are considered to be one of the most serious health problems in the world. It is estimated that about 151,435 cases are diagnosed in children annually. Children with cancer experience many comorbid symptoms related to diagnosis and treatment that can profoundly affect their lives. They experience physical and emotional suffering, which affects their well-being and physical fitness, influencing the prognosis and deteriorating their physical, mental and social functioning. Given the limited data, an attempt was made to assess the problems of the biopsychosocial sphere of need and stressors among children and adolescents treated for cancer. Accurate symptom assessment is essential to ensure high-quality care and effective treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS The qualitative study was conducted in pediatric oncology of hospitals in Poland. Children diagnosed with cancer were invited to participate in the study to assess their problems, stressors and needs. RESULTS The study included 520 people, where female sex constituted 48% and male 52%. The mean age of the children is 13.2 SD = 2.5. Negative experiences related to the disease are experienced by 82% of children. Among the surveyed children, the most experienced were anxiety (61%). The conducted research shows that as many as 69% of all respondents experienced states that indicate severe depression. The most common somatic problems reported by children were pain (58%). The most dominant areas of life that had a negative impact was body image (85%). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents diagnosed with neoplastic disease experience many problems and stressors in every sphere of life, which undoubtedly affects a high level of unmet needs. The main category of needs concerning the challenges faced by children with cancer was psychological and care problems. In the youth group, the needs were mainly related to education and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewandowska
- Institute of Healthcare, State School of Technology and Economics, 37-500 Jaroslaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-698-757-926
| | - Barbara Zych
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Katalin Papp
- Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Dana Zrubcová
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 94974 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Helena Kadučáková
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (H.K.); (M.Š.)
| | - Mária Šupínová
- Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, 03401 Ružomberok, Slovakia; (H.K.); (M.Š.)
| | - Serap Ejder Apay
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
| | - Małgorzata Nagórska
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
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A Narrative Review of Neuroimaging Studies in Acupuncture for Migraine. Pain Res Manag 2021; 2021:9460695. [PMID: 34804268 PMCID: PMC8598357 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9460695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been widely used as an alternative and complementary therapy for migraine. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, the central mechanism of acupuncture for migraine has gained increasing attention. This review aimed to analyze the study design and main findings of neuroimaging studies of acupuncture for migraine to provide the reference for future research. The original studies were collected and screened in three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature database, the Chongqing VIP database, and Wanfang database). As a result, a total of 28 articles were included. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was the most used neuroimaging technique to explore the cerebral activities of acupuncture for migraine. This review manifested that acupuncture could elicit cerebral responses on patients with migraine, different from sham acupuncture. The results indicated that the pain systems, including the medial pain pathway, lateral pain pathway, and descending pain modulatory system, participated in the modulation of the cerebral activities of migraine by acupuncture.
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9
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Chang CD, Saidinejad M, Atanelov Z, Dietrich AM, Lam SH, Rose E, Ruttan T, Shahid S, Stoner MJ, Sulton C, Chumpitazi CE. Emergency department strategies to combat the opioid crisis in children and adolescents. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12512. [PMID: 34322681 PMCID: PMC8295033 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis has greatly affected not only adults but also children as well. As clinicians develop effective approaches to minimize pain and distress in children, the risks and benefits of opioids must be carefully considered. Children of parents with opioid use disorder are also at risk of living in unstable environments, performing poorly academically, engaging in future drug use, and having increased stress, which affects their development before entering adulthood. This statement focuses on the effects of the opioid crisis on children and adolescents and is intended to inform institutional policies, improve education, advocate for evidence-informed guidelines, and improve the care of children affected by the opioid epidemic who are seen in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D. Chang
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohsen Saidinejad
- Department of Emergency MedicineHarbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zaza Atanelov
- North Florida Regional Medical Center Emergency DepartmentHCA/University of Central Florida College of Medicine ConsortiumOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Ann M. Dietrich
- Department of PediatricsOhio University Heritage College of Osteopathic MedicineDublinOhioUSA
| | - Samuel Hiu‐Fung Lam
- Department of Emergency MedicineSutter Medical Center SacramentoSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emily Rose
- Department of Emergency MedicineKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tim Ruttan
- Dell Children's Medical Center of Central TexasPediatric Emergency MedicineUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Sam Shahid
- American College of Emergency PhysiciansDallasTexasUSA
| | - Michael J. Stoner
- Nationwide Children's HospitalThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Carmen Sulton
- Sedation ServicesChildren's Healthcare of Atlanta at EagletonEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Corrie E. Chumpitazi
- Department of PediatricsSection of Emergency MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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10
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Technology in quest of the holy grail. CAN J EMERG MED 2021; 23:6-7. [PMID: 33683621 DOI: 10.1007/s43678-020-00063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wauters A, Noel M, Van Ryckeghem DML, Sanchez‐Lopez A, Vervoort T. Parental (non‐)pain attending verbalizations moderate the relationship between child attention and memory bias for pain. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1797-1811. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Wauters
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology Hotchkiss Brain InstituteAlberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Dimitri M. L. Van Ryckeghem
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences University of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Alvaro Sanchez‐Lopez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Tine Vervoort
- Department of Experimental‐Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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12
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Hack JB, Melikian GK, Jessey C, Baird J. A Novel Tool to Facilitate Communication of Pain Quality: "Pain Blocks". Clin Ther 2020; 42:286-294.e1. [PMID: 32029287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessment of pain is difficult for many reasons, including the inability of patients to translate a subjective experience into words, and it is challenging for health care providers to create a shared understanding of what is being described. Physical representations exist to facilitate the objective scaling of "severity" or "intensity" of pain, but none exist to enable communication of pain quality. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to develop, introduce, and evaluate consistency of participant interpretation of a novel kinesthetic tool set (Pain Blocks) that was designed to represent qualities of pain. METHODS A prospective convenience sampling of participants approached in nonmedical settings over 9 months was queried to assess 6 randomly ordered Pain Blocks during structured interviews. The subjects were directed to associate each Pain Block with a pain quality from a list of 12 suggestions or use a free-text area for "other" descriptors. During the study, Pain Blocks were removed and replaced based on consistency of response at interval assessments. In part 2, participants were asked if any of the Pain Blocks accurately characterized the quality of their last severe pain. FINDINGS A convenience sample of 220 participants was enrolled in the study and assessed 6 Pain Blocks. They interpreted and applied a pain quality to each of the blocks. Using interval assessments, a final selection of 6 Pain Blocks was derived that had consistent high association with specific pain qualities, either individually or with synonyms: Block 1 (stretching and tearing), 81.8%; Block 3 (crampy and throbbing), 90.4%; Block 4 (sharp and stabbing), 99.1%; Block 6 (crushing and dull), 94.1%; Block 7 (twisting), 95.8%; and Block 8b (burning), 100%. There were no differences in consistency of block interpretation between sexes or in terms of past experience of pain. IMPLICATIONS We were able to create a group of physical objects (Pain Blocks) that were consistently and persistently interpreted, with a high degree of reliability, to represent specific pain qualities across ages and sexes. Although this proof-of-concept article was limited by the inclusion of English-speaking patients only and voluntary participants not currently in pain, the results support further investigation into tools to create a shared understanding of pain sensations between provider and participant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Hack
- Alpert Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Gillian K Melikian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Clare Jessey
- Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janette Baird
- Alpert Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Jaaniste T, Noel M, Yee RD, Bang J, Tan AC, Champion GD. Why Unidimensional Pain Measurement Prevails in the Pediatric Acute Pain Context and What Multidimensional Self-Report Methods Can Offer. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6120132. [PMID: 31810283 PMCID: PMC6956370 DOI: 10.3390/children6120132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although pain is widely recognized to be a multidimensional experience and defined as such, unidimensional pain measurement focusing on pain intensity prevails in the pediatric acute pain context. Unidimensional assessments fail to provide a comprehensive picture of a child’s pain experience and commonly do little to shape clinical interventions. The current review paper overviews the theoretical and empirical literature supporting the multidimensional nature of pediatric acute pain. Literature reporting concordance data for children’s self-reported sensory, affective and evaluative pain scores in the acute pain context has been reviewed and supports the distinct nature of these dimensions. Multidimensional acute pain measurement holds particular promise for identifying predictive markers of chronicity and may provide the basis for tailoring clinical management. The current paper has described key reasons contributing to the widespread use of unidimensional, rather than multidimensional, acute pediatric pain assessment protocols. Implications for clinical practice, education and future research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Jaaniste
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Renee D. Yee
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Joseph Bang
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | | | - G. David Champion
- Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.D.Y.); (J.B.); (G.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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14
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Kaczynski K, Ely E, Gordon D, Vincent C, Waddell K, Wittmayer K, Bernhofer E. The Pediatric American Pain Society Patient Outcomes Questionnaire (Pediatric APS-POQ): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief and Comprehensive Measure of Pain and Pain Outcomes in Hospitalized Youth. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:633-647. [PMID: 31683024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric pain assessment in the hospital traditionally involves the patient's self-report of pain intensity using a numeric rating scale, which does not capture the complexity of the pain experience. No valid, comprehensive measure of pain in hospitalized youth exists. This study was designed to develop and conduct initial psychometric testing of the Pediatric American Pain Society Patient Outcomes Questionnaire (Pediatric APS-POQ), a comprehensive patient-reported measure of pain and pain outcomes in hospitalized youth. A multidisciplinary group of pediatric pain researchers and clinicians collaborated to adapt the adult APS-POQ Revised to pediatrics, including a patient-report and parent proxy version. The adapted measures were administered to 218 pediatric inpatients (age M = 13.4 years, 56% female) and 214 of their parents (80% mothers) at 4 US children's hospitals. The measure was feasible to administer within the inpatient setting and was acceptable and understandable to pediatric patients and their parents. Internal consistency was adequate for both patient-report and parent proxy (α = 0.77). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the following 6 domains, consistent with the adult measure: pain intensity, functional interference, emotional response, side effects, perceptions of care, and usual pain. Additional research is needed to further support the reliability and validity of this measure in diverse clinical populations. PERSPECTIVE: To reduce the impact of pain on hospitalized youth, pediatric pain assessment must move beyond ratings of pain intensity. The Pediatric APS-POQ provides a brief but comprehensive assessment of pain and pain outcomes in hospitalized children and adolescents, which will allow for greater individualization in hospital-based pain management and quality improvement purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Kaczynski
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Debra Gordon
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Esther Bernhofer
- Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Ebrahimpour F, Pashaeypoor S, Salisu WJ, Cheraghi MA, Sadat Hosseini AS. Children's description of pain through drawings and dialogs: A concept analysis. Nurs Open 2019; 6:301-312. [PMID: 30918682 PMCID: PMC6419297 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To present a concept analysis of pain in children's drawings and dialogs. INTRODUCTION The complexity and subjectivity of the concept of pain in children remain ambiguous. As a result, children are exposed to inappropriate diagnosis and inadequate treatment. Children can describe or draw their painful experiences. Analysing the concept of pain based on children's experiences can help identify, assess and properly manage and treat pain in children. DESIGN Concept analysis. METHODS Walker and Avant's framework for concept analysis was used in this current study. RESULTS Major aspects of pain revealed in this concept analysis are affected by children's different concerns about pain. The description of pain in children with chronic diseases or chronic pain is completely different from that in healthy children. Children perceive pain to be internal, external and emotional. Pain in children is associated with poor psychological and emotional conditions, which add new features and aspects to the concept of pain. Children's descriptions and drawings of pain indicate different concepts of pain in their minds. From the perspective of children, pain has an identity that is formed based on reality. CONCLUSION When developing pain evaluation tools, it is necessary to address the characteristics of pain. In the case of chronic pain, emotional effects of pain on children's psyche need extra attention. Child-based pain management guidelines can then be formulated with the results of relevant concept analyses. Pain assessment is a major part of pain management in children. By considering the characteristics of the concept of pain, the efficiency and usefulness of developed tools can be enhanced to create advancement in paediatric pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ebrahimpour
- School of Nursing & MidwiferyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Shahzad Pashaeypoor
- School of Nursing & MidwiferyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Waliu Jawula Salisu
- School of Nursing & MidwiferyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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16
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Pope N, Tallon M, McConigley R, Leslie G, Wilson S. Experiences of acute pain in children who present to a healthcare facility for treatment: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2017; 15:1612-1644. [PMID: 28628521 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a universal and complex phenomenon that is personal, subjective and specific. Despite growing knowledge in pediatric pain, management of children's pain remains sub-optimal and is linked to negative behavioral and physiological consequences later in life. As there is no synthesis of these studies, it was timely to undertake a systematic review. OBJECTIVES To identify, evaluate and synthesize the existing qualitative evidence on children's experiences of acute pain, including pain management, within a healthcare facility. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS Children aged four to 18 years (inclusive) attending a healthcare facility who experienced acute pain associated with any injury, medical condition or treatment. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST Children's experiences and perceptions of their acute pain, pain management and expectations of others in managing their pain. Studies on children's experiences of pain in the postoperative context were excluded as a systematic review exploring this phenomenon had previously been published. Studies reporting on children's experiences of chronic pain were also excluded. CONTEXT Any healthcare facility including general practitioners' surgeries, hospitals, emergency departments and outpatient clinics. TYPES OF STUDIES Qualitative studies including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research designs. SEARCH STRATEGY Using a three-step search strategy, databases were searched in December 2015 to identify both published and unpublished articles from 2000 to 2015. Studies published in languages other than English were excluded. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed by at least two independent reviewers for methodological quality using a standardized critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-QARI). DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted from the papers included in the review using standardized data extraction tool from JBI-QARI. DATA SYNTHESIS Findings were pooled using JBI-QARI. Findings were rated according to their level of credibility and categorized based on similarity in meaning and then were subjected to a meta-synthesis. RESULTS Four studies were included in this review. Two meta-syntheses were generated from five categories based on 21 findings: first, children can express their pain experiences in terms of cause, location, meaning and quality. Children's pain experiences include both physical and psychological dimensions. Children's pain experiences are influenced by their previous pain experiences, pain expectations and sociocultural factors. Second, children use a range of cognitive/behavioral and sensory/physical self-soothing strategies not only to help manage their pain, but also rely on the actions and presence of others as helpers when they are in pain. CONCLUSION Children's pain is a multi-dimensional complex phenomenon relying upon a multi-modal approach to management. Children as young as four years are capable of articulating their pain in terms of location, intensity and depth. The way children perceive, express and respond to pain is shaped by sociocultural factors, previous pain experiences and their expectations of pain. Children, parents and healthcare professionals play an important role in managing children's pain experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pope
- 1Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia 2The Western Australian Group for Evidence Informed Healthcare Practice: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 3School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 4School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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