1
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Rodrigues A, Shingai K, Gómez CA, Rassam P, Rozenberg D, Goligher E, Brochard L, Roblyer D, Reid WD. Continuous measurements of respiratory muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption using noninvasive frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:382-393. [PMID: 38867669 PMCID: PMC11424177 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00871.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior studies of muscle blood flow and muscle-specific oxygen consumption have required invasive injection of dye and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Such measures have limited utility for continuous monitoring of the respiratory muscles. Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (FD-NIRS & DCS) can provide continuous surrogate measures of blood flow index (BFi) and metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (MRO2). This study aimed to validate sternocleidomastoid FD-NIRS & DCS outcomes against electromyography (EMG) and mouth pressure (Pm) during incremental inspiratory threshold loading (ITL). Six female and six male healthy adults (means ± SD; 30 ± 7 yr, maximum inspiratory pressure 118 ± 61 cmH2O) performed incremental ITL starting at low loads (8 ± 2 cmH2O) followed by 50-g increments every 2 min until task failure. FD-NIRS & DCS continuously measured sternocleidomastoid oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin + myoglobin (oxy/deoxy[Hb + Mb]), tissue saturation of oxygen (StO2), BFi, and MRO2. Ventilatory parameters including inspiratory Pm were also evaluated. Pm increased during incremental ITL (P < 0.05), reaching -47[-74 to -34] cmH2O (median [IQR: 25%-75%]) at task failure. Ventilatory parameters were constant throughout ITL (all P > 0.05). Sternocleidomastoid BFi and MRO2 increased from the start of the ITL (both P < 0.05). Deoxy[Hb + Mb] increased close to task failure, concomitantly with a constant increase in MRO2, and decreased StO2. Sternocleidomastoid deoxy[Hb + Mb], BFi, StO2, and MRO2 obtained during ITL via FD-NIRS & DCS correlated with sternocleidomastoid EMG (all P < 0.05). In healthy adults, FD-NIRS & DCS can provide continuous surrogate measures of respiratory BFi and MRO2. Increasing sternocleidomastoid oxygen consumption near task failure was associated with increased oxygen extraction and reduced tissue saturation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study introduces a novel approach, frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (FD-NIRS & DCS), for noninvasive continuous monitoring of respiratory muscle blood flow and metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. Unlike prior methods involving invasive dye injection and magnetic resonance imaging, FD-NIRS & DCS offers the advantage of continuous measurement without the need for invasive procedures. It holds promise for advancing muscle physiology understanding and opens avenues for real-time monitoring of respiratory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antenor Rodrigues
- Department of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kazuya Shingai
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Carlos A Gómez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter Rassam
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Rozenberg
- Ajmera Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ewan Goligher
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurent Brochard
- Department of Critical Care, Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - W Darlene Reid
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Richard R, Jensen D, Touron J, Frederic C, Mulliez A, Pereira B, Filaire L, Marciniuk D, Maltais F, Tan W, Bourbeau J, Perrault H. Haemodynamic compensations for exercise tissue oxygenation in early stages of COPD: an integrated cardiorespiratory assessment study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002241. [PMID: 38548372 PMCID: PMC10982806 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular comorbidities are increasingly being recognised in early stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) yet complete cardiorespiratory functional assessments of individuals with mild COPD or presenting with COPD risk factors are lacking. This paper reports on the effectiveness of the cardiocirculatory-limb muscles oxygen delivery and utilisation axis in smokers exhibiting no, or mild to moderate degrees of airflow obstruction using standardised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). METHODS Post-bronchodilator spirometry was used to classify participants as 'ever smokers without' (n=88), with 'mild' (n=63) or 'mild-moderate' COPD (n=56). All underwent CPET with continuous concurrent monitoring of oxygen uptake (V'O2) and of bioimpedance cardiac output (Qc) enabling computation of arteriovenous differences (a-vO2). Mean values of Qc and a-vO2 were mapped across set ranges of V'O2 and Qc isolines to allow for meaningful group comparisons, at same metabolic and circulatory requirements. RESULTS Peak exercise capacity was significantly reduced in the 'mild-moderate COPD' as compared with the two other groups who showed similar pulmonary function and exercise capacity. Self-reported cardiovascular and skeletal muscle comorbidities were not different between groups, yet disease impact and exercise intolerance scores were three times higher in the 'mild-moderate COPD' compared with the other groups. Mapping of exercise Qc and a-vO2 also showed a leftward shift of values in this group, indicative of a deficit in peripheral O2 extraction even for submaximal exercise demands. Concurrent with lung hyperinflation, a distinctive blunting of exercise stroke volume expansion was also observed in this group. CONCLUSION Contrary to the traditional view that cardiovascular complications were the hallmark of advanced disease, this study of early COPD spectrum showed a reduced exercise O2 delivery and utilisation in individuals meeting spirometry criteria for stage II COPD. These findings reinforce the preventive clinical management approach to preserve peripheral muscle circulatory and oxidative capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruddy Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Service de médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Dennis Jensen
- Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Costes Frederic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Service de médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Darcy Marciniuk
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Wan Tan
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Hélène Perrault
- University of Ottawa Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Behnia M, Sietsema KE. Utility of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2895-2910. [PMID: 38089541 PMCID: PMC10710955 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s432841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease defined by airflow obstruction with a high morbidity and mortality and significant economic burden. Although pulmonary function testing is the cornerstone in diagnosis of COPD, it cannot fully characterize disease severity or cause of dyspnea because of disease heterogeneity and variable related and comorbid conditions affecting cardiac, vascular, and musculoskeletal systems. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable tool for assessing physical function in a wide range of clinical conditions, including COPD. Familiarity with measurements made during CPET and its potential to aid in clinical decision-making related to COPD can thus be useful to clinicians caring for this population. This review highlights pulmonary and extrapulmonary impairments that can contribute to exercise limitation in COPD. Key elements of CPET are identified with an emphasis on measurements most relevant to COPD. Finally, clinical applications of CPET demonstrated to be of value in the COPD setting are identified. These include quantifying functional capacity, differentiating among potential causes of symptoms and limitation, prognostication and risk assessment for operative procedures, and guiding exercise prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Behnia
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kathy E Sietsema
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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4
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Schaer CE, Erne D, Tageldin D, Wüthrich TU, Beltrami FG, Spengler CM. Effects of Sprint Interval and Endurance Respiratory Muscle Training on Postcycling Inspiratory and Quadriceps Fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1683-1694. [PMID: 37076980 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether a 4-wk period of respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) or respiratory muscle sprint interval training (RMSIT) would lead to an attenuation of inspiratory muscle and quadriceps fatigue after a bout of high-intensity cycling compared with a placebo intervention (PLAT), as predicted by the respiratory metaboreflex model. METHODS Thirty-three active, young healthy adults performed RMET, RMSIT, or PLAT. Changes in inspiratory muscle and quadriceps twitches in response to a cycling test at 90% of peak work capacity were assessed before and after training. EMG activity and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb, via near-infrared spectroscopy) of the quadriceps and inspiratory muscles were also monitored during the cycling test, along with cardiorespiratory and perceptual variables. RESULTS At pretraining, cycling reduced the twitch force of the inspiratory muscles (86% ± 11% baseline) and quadriceps (66% ± 16% baseline). Training did not attenuate the drop in twitch force of the inspiratory muscles (PLAT, -3.5 ± 4.9 percent-points [p.p.]; RMET, 2.7 ± 11.3 p.p.; RMSIT, 4.1 ± 8.5 p.p.; group-training interaction, P = 0.394) or quadriceps (PLAT, 3.8 ± 18.6 p.p.; RMET, -2.6 ± 14.0 p.p.; RMSIT, 5.2 ± 9.8 p.p.; group-training interaction P = 0.432). EMG activity and HHb levels during cycling did not change after training for either group. Only RMSIT showed a within-group decrease in the perception of respiratory exertion with training. CONCLUSIONS Four weeks of RMET or RMSIT did not attenuate the development of exercise-induced inspiratory or quadriceps fatigue. The ergogenic effects of respiratory muscle training during whole-body exercise might be related to an attenuation of perceptual responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina E Schaer
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Desirée Erne
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Dina Tageldin
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Thomas U Wüthrich
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
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5
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Hammer SM, Bruhn EJ, Bissen TG, Muer JD, Villarraga N, Borlaug BA, Olson TP, Smith JR. Inspiratory and leg muscle blood flows during inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:1202-1211. [PMID: 36227167 PMCID: PMC9639766 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular consequences elicited by activation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and controls. Patients with HFpEF (n = 15; 69 ± 10 yr; 33 ± 4 kg/m2) and controls (n = 14; 70 ± 8 yr; 28 ± 4 kg/m2) performed an inspiratory loading trial at 60% maximal inspiratory pressure (PIMAX) until task failure. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured continuously. Near-infrared spectroscopy and bolus injections of indocyanine green dye were used to determine the percent change in blood flow index (%ΔBFI) from baseline to the final minute of inspiratory loading in the vastus lateralis and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Vascular resistance index (VRI) was calculated. Time to task failure was shorter in HFpEF than in controls (339 ± 197 s vs. 626 ± 403 s; P = 0.02). Compared with controls, patients with HFpEF had a greater increase from baseline in MAP (16 ± 7 vs. 10 ± 6 mmHg) and vastus lateralis VRI (76 ± 45 vs. 32 ± 19%) as well as a greater decrease in vastus lateralis %ΔBFI (-32 ± 14 vs. -17 ± 9%) (all, P < 0.05). Sternocleidomastoid %ΔBFI normalized to absolute inspiratory pressure was higher in HFpEF compared with controls (8.0 ± 5.0 vs. 4.0 ± 1.9% per cmH2O·s; P = 0.03). These data indicate that patients with HFpEF exhibit exaggerated cardiovascular responses with inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation compared with controls.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Respiratory muscle dysfunction is thought to contribute to exercise intolerance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, patients with HFpEF had greater increases in leg muscle vascular resistance index and greater decreases in leg muscle blood flow index compared with controls during inspiratory resistive breathing (to activate the metaboreflex). Furthermore, respiratory muscle blood flow index responses normalized to pressure generation during inspiratory resistive breathing were exaggerated in HFpEF compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Hammer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- School of Kinesiology, Applied Health and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Eric J Bruhn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas G Bissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jessica D Muer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicolas Villarraga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas P Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joshua R Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, https://ror.org/03zzw1w08Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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6
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Wu W. Mapping the global research landscape and hotspot of exercise therapy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A bibliometric study based on the web of science database from 2011 to 2020. Front Physiol 2022; 13:947637. [PMID: 36035492 PMCID: PMC9403760 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.947637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The application of exercise therapy (ET) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is generating increasing clinical efficacy and social-economic value. In this study, research trends, evolutionary processes and hot topics in this field are detailed, as well as predictions of future development directions.Methods: Search for literature in the field of COPD and ET and analyze data to generate knowledge graphs using VOSiewer and CiteSpace software. The time frame for the search was from 2011 to January 2021. Then we extracted full-text key information (such as title, journal category, publication date, author, country and institution, abstract, and keyword) and obtained the co-citation analysis. Use hierarchal clustering analysis software developed by VOSviewer to map common citations, and use Citespace software to plot trend networks.Results: The United States topped the list with 27.91% of the number of articles posted, followed by the UK at 25.44%. Imperial College London was the highest number of article publications in institutions, followed by Maastricht University and the University of Toronto. The Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust was one of many research institutions and currently holds the highest average citations per item (ACI) value, followed by Imperial College London and the University of Leuven. Judging from the number of publications related to ET and COPD, it is mainly published in cell biology, respiratory pulmonary diseases, and rehabilitation experiments study medicine. The European Respiration Journal is the most widely published in this field, followed by the International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Medicine.Conclusion: COPD combined with ET is widely used in clinical practice and is on the rise. A distinctive feature of the field is multidisciplinary integration. Rehabilitation research for COPD involves multidisciplinary collaboration, tissue engineering, and molecular biology mechanism studies to help patients remodel healthy breathing. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation measures provide a solid foundation for advancing clinical efficacy in the field of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Liu, ; Weibing Wu,
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodan Liu, ; Weibing Wu,
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7
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Gephine S, Mucci P, Bielmann M, Martin M, Bouyer L, Saey D, Maltais F. Quadriceps physiological response during the 1-min sit-to-stand test in people with severe COPD and healthy controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:794. [PMID: 35039600 PMCID: PMC8764045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared quadriceps oxygenation and surface electromyography (sEMG) responses during the 1-min sit-to-stand (1STS) in 14 people with severe COPD and 12 controls, in whom cardiorespiratory response, near-infrared spectroscopy signals (oxy [Hb-Mb], deoxy [Hb-Mb], total [Hb-Mb], and SmO2) and sEMG signals of the quadriceps were recorded. Time duration of each sit-to-stand cycle and the total work performed during the 1STS were measured. The quadriceps oxygenation parameters were normalized by reporting their values according to the total work during 1STS. The rate of sit-to-stand maneuvers decelerated in people with COPD leading to smaller total work compared with controls. The pattern of quadriceps oxygenation response during 1STS was similar between groups. However, in COPD, the recovery after 1STS was characterized by larger overshoots in oxy [Hb-Mb], total [Hb-Mb], and SmO2. When corrected for the cumulative total work, the increase in muscle O2 extraction (deoxy [Hb-Mb]) during the first 30 s of recovery was greater in people with COPD compared to controls. Quadriceps sEMG changes suggestive of a fatiguing contraction pattern was observed only in people with COPD. All together, these results highlighted physiological misadaptation of people with severe COPD to the 1STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gephine
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.,Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Patrick Mucci
- Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Mathieu Bielmann
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mickael Martin
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Laurent Bouyer
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Quebec, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada.
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Lima-Silva AE, Cristina-Souza G, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Bertuzzi R, Bishop DJ. Caffeine during High-Intensity Whole-Body Exercise: An Integrative Approach beyond the Central Nervous System. Nutrients 2021; 13:2503. [PMID: 34444663 PMCID: PMC8400708 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most consumed ergogenic aids around the world. Many studies support the ergogenic effect of caffeine over a large spectrum of exercise types. While the stimulatory effect of caffeine on the central nervous system is the well-accepted mechanism explaining improvements in exercise performance during high-intensity whole-body exercise, in which other physiological systems such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are maximally activated, a direct effect of caffeine on such systems cannot be ignored. A better understanding of the effects of caffeine on multiple physiological systems during high-intensity whole-body exercise might help to expand its use in different sporting contexts (e.g., competitions in different environments, such as altitude) or even assist the treatment of some diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present narrative review, we explore the potential effects of caffeine on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and muscular systems, and describe how such alterations may interact and thus contribute to the ergogenic effects of caffeine during high-intensity whole-body exercise. This integrative approach provides insights regarding how caffeine influences endurance performance and may drive further studies exploring its mechanisms of action in a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano E. Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba 81310900, PR, Brazil; (A.E.L.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Gislaine Cristina-Souza
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba 81310900, PR, Brazil; (A.E.L.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
- Nutrition and Exercise Research Group, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos 37902092, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos D. Silva-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition (PPGNUT), Faculty of Nutrition (FANUT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072900, AL, Brazil;
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Sports Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508030, SP, Brazil;
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
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9
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Miles M, Rodrigues A, Tajali S, Xiong Y, Orchanian-Cheff A, Reid WD, Rozenberg D. Muscle and cerebral oxygenation during cycling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A scoping review. Chron Respir Dis 2021; 18:1479973121993494. [PMID: 33605155 PMCID: PMC7897842 DOI: 10.1177/1479973121993494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To synthesize evidence for prefrontal cortex (PFC), quadriceps, and respiratory muscle oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cycling in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A scoping review was performed searching databases (inception-August 2020): Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Pedro. The search focused on COPD, cycling, and NIRS outcomes. 29 studies (541 COPD participants) were included. Compared to healthy individuals (8 studies), COPD patients at lower cycling workloads had more rapid increases in vastus lateralis (VL) deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb); lower increases in VL total hemoglobin (tHb) and blood flow; and lower muscle tissue saturation (StO2). Heliox and bronchodilators were associated with smaller and slower increases in VL HHb. Heliox increased VL and intercostal blood flow compared to room air and supplemental oxygen in COPD patients (1 study). PFC oxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb) increased in COPD individuals during cycling in 5 of 8 studies. Individuals with COPD and heart failure demonstrated worse VL and PFC NIRS outcomes compared to patients with only COPD-higher or more rapid increase in VL HHb and no change or decrease in PFC O2Hb. Individuals with COPD present with a mismatch between muscle oxygen delivery and utilization, characterized by more rapid increase in VL HHb, lower muscle O2Hb and lower muscle StO2. PFC O2Hb increases or tends to increase in individuals with COPD during exercise, but this relationship warrants further investigation. NIRS can be used to identify key deoxygenation thresholds during exercise to inform PFC and muscle oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Miles
- Physical Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antenor Rodrigues
- Physical Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirin Tajali
- Physical Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yijun Xiong
- Physical Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, 7989University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Darlene Reid
- Physical Therapy, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, 7938University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,KITE - Toronto Rehab-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Rozenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, 7938University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Romer LM. Respiratory influences on oxygen transport and exercise performance in health and disease. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1977-1978. [PMID: 33372725 DOI: 10.1113/ep089199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Romer
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Louvaris Z, Rodrigues A, Dacha S, Gojevic T, Janssens W, Vogiatzis I, Gosselink R, Langer D. High-intensity exercise impairs extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscle perfusion in patients with COPD. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:325-341. [PMID: 33119468 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00659.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigated whether high-intensity exercise impairs inspiratory and expiratory muscle perfusion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared respiratory local muscle perfusion between constant-load cycling[sustained at 80% peak work rate (WRpeak)] and voluntary normocapnic hyperpnea reproducing similar work of breathing (WoB) in 18 patients [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1): 58 ± 24% predicted]. Local muscle blood flow index (BFI), using indocyanine green dye, and fractional oxygen saturation (%StiO2) were simultaneously assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over the intercostal, scalene, rectus abdominis, and vastus lateralis muscles. Cardiac output (impedance cardiography), WoB (esophageal/gastric balloon catheter), and diaphragmatic and extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscle electromyographic activity (EMG) were also assessed throughout cycling and hyperpnea. Minute ventilation, breathing pattern, WoB, and respiratory muscle EMG were comparable between cycling and hyperpnea. During cycling, cardiac output and vastus lateralis BFI were significantly greater compared with hyperpnea [by +4.2 (2.6-5.9) L/min and +4.9 (2.2-7.8) nmol/s, respectively] (P < 0.01). Muscle BFI and %StiO2 were, respectively, lower during cycling compared with hyperpnea in scalene [by -3.8 (-6.4 to -1.2) nmol/s and -6.6 (-8.2 to -5.1)%], intercostal [by -1.4 (-2.4 to -0.4) nmol/s and -6.0 (-8.6 to -3.3)%], and abdominal muscles [by -1.9 (-2.9 to -0.8) nmol/s and -6.3 (-9.1 to -3.4)%] (P < 0.001). The difference in respiratory (scalene and intercostal) muscle BFI between cycling and hyperpnea was associated with greater dyspnea (Borg CR10) scores (r = -0.54 and r = -0.49, respectively, P < 0.05). These results suggest that in patients with COPD, 1) locomotor muscle work during high-intensity exercise impairs extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscle perfusion and 2) insufficient adjustment in extradiaphragmatic respiratory muscle perfusion during high-intensity exercise may partly explain the increased sensations of dyspnea.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We simultaneously assessed the blood flow index (BFI) in three respiratory muscles during hyperpnea and high-intensity constant-load cycling sustained at comparable levels of work of breathing and respiratory neural drive in patients with COPD. We demonstrated that high-intensity exercise impairs respiratory muscle perfusion, as intercostal, scalene, and abdominal BFI increased during hyperpnea but not during cycling. Insufficient adjustment in respiratory muscle perfusion during exercise was associated with greater dyspnea sensations in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafeiris Louvaris
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, UZ Leuven, BREATHE Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antenor Rodrigues
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.,Research Aimed at Muscle Performance Laboratory (RAMP), Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sauwaluk Dacha
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tin Gojevic
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, UZ Leuven, BREATHE Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioannis Vogiatzis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Rik Gosselink
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, UZ Leuven, BREATHE Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Langer
- Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Department of Respiratory Diseases, UZ Leuven, BREATHE Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Ramsook AH, Peters CM, Leahy MG, Archiza B, Mitchell RA, Jasinovic T, Koehle MS, Guenette JA, Sheel AW. Near-infrared spectroscopy measures of sternocleidomastoid blood flow during exercise and hyperpnoea. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2226-2237. [PMID: 33111424 DOI: 10.1113/ep089045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does sternocleidomastoid blood flow change in response to increasing ventilation and whole-body exercise intensity? What is the main finding and its importance? Sternocleidomastoid blood flow increased with increasing ventilation. For a given ventilation, sternocleidomastoid blood flow was lower during whole-body exercise compared to resting hyperpnoea. These findings suggest that locomotor muscle work exerts an effect on respiratory muscle blood flow that can be observed in the sternocleidomastoid. ABSTRACT Respiratory muscle work influences the distribution of blood flow during exercise. Most studies have focused on blood flow to the locomotor musculature rather than the respiratory muscles, owing to the complex anatomical arrangement of respiratory muscles. The purpose of this study was to examine how accessory respiratory (i.e. sternocleidomastoid, and muscles in the intercostal space) muscle blood flow changes in response to locomotor muscle work. Seven men performed 5 min bouts of constant load cycling exercise trials at 30%, 60% and 90% of peak work rate in a randomized order, followed by 5 min bouts of voluntary hyperpnoea (VH) matching the ventilation achieved during each exercise (EX) trial. Blood-flow index (BFI) of the vastus lateralis, sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and seventh intercostal space (IC) were estimated using near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green and expressed relative to resting levels. BFISCM was greater during VH compared to EX (P = 0.002) and increased with increasing exercise intensity (P = 0.036). BFISCM reached 493 ± 219% and 301 ± 215% rest during VH and EX at 90% peak work rate, respectively. BFIIC increased to 242 ± 178% and 210 ± 117% rest at 30% peak work rate during VH and EX, respectively. No statistically significant differences in BFIIC were observed with increased work rate during VH or EX (both P > 0.05). Moreover, there was no observed difference in BFIIC between conditions (P > 0.05). BFISCM was lower for a given minute ventilation during EX compared to VH, suggesting that accessory respiratory muscle blood flow is influenced by whole-body exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ramsook
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carli M Peters
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael G Leahy
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruno Archiza
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reid A Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tin Jasinovic
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Koehle
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jordan A Guenette
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A William Sheel
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Huck CW. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Bio-Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E2948. [PMID: 32604876 PMCID: PMC7357077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy occupies a specific spot across the field of bioscience and related disciplines. Its characteristics and application potential differs from infrared (IR) or Raman spectroscopy. This vibrational spectroscopy technique elucidates molecular information from the examined sample by measuring absorption bands resulting from overtones and combination excitations. Recent decades brought significant progress in the instrumentation (e.g., miniaturized spectrometers) and spectral analysis methods (e.g., spectral image processing and analysis, quantum chemical calculation of NIR spectra), which made notable impact on its applicability. This review aims to present NIR spectroscopy as a matured technique, yet with great potential for further advances in several directions throughout broadly understood bio-applications. Its practical value is critically assessed and compared with competing techniques. Attention is given to link the bio-application potential of NIR spectroscopy with its fundamental characteristics and principal features of NIR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B. Beć
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, CCB-Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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